scholarly journals An Inductive Construction for Hamilton Cycles in Kneser Graphs

10.37236/676 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Robert Johnson

The Kneser graph $K(n,r)$ has as vertices all $r$-subsets of an $n$-set with two vertices adjacent if the corresponding subsets are disjoint. It is conjectured that, except for $K(5,2)$, these graphs are Hamiltonian for all $n\geq 2r+1$. In this note we describe an inductive construction which relates Hamiltonicity of $K(2r+2s,r)$ to Hamiltonicity of $K(2r'+s,r')$. This shows (among other things) that Hamiltonicity of $K(2r+1,r)$ for all $3\leq r\leq k$ implies Hamiltonicity of $K(2r+2,r)$ for all $r\leq 2k+1$. Applying this result extends the range of values for which Hamiltonicity of $K(n,r)$ is known. Another consequence is that certain families of Kneser graphs ($K(\frac{27}{13}r,r)$ for instance) contain infinitely many Hamiltonian graphs.

10.37236/9903 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano N. Grippo ◽  
Adrián Pastine ◽  
Pablo Torres ◽  
Mario Valencia-Pabon ◽  
Juan C. Vera

This paper considers an infection spreading in a graph; a vertex gets infected if at least two of its neighbors are infected. The $P_3$-hull number is the minimum size of a vertex set that eventually infects the whole graph. In the specific case of the Kneser graph $K(n,k)$, with $n\ge 2k+1$, an infection spreading on the family of $k$-sets of an $n$-set is considered. A set is infected whenever two sets disjoint from it are infected. We compute the exact value of the $P_3$-hull number of $K(n,k)$ for $n>2k+1$. For $n = 2k+1$, using graph homomorphisms from the Knesser graph to the Hypercube, we give lower and upper bounds.


2011 ◽  
Vol DMTCS Proceedings vol. AO,... (Proceedings) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Schultz

International audience Schrijver introduced the stable Kneser graph $SG_{n,k}, n \geq 1, k \geq 0$. This graph is a vertex critical graph with chromatic number $k+2$, its vertices are certain subsets of a set of cardinality $m=2n+k$. Björner and de Longueville have shown that its box complex is homotopy equivalent to a sphere, $\mathrm{Hom}(K_2,SG_{n,k}) \simeq \mathbb{S}^k$. The dihedral group $D_{2m}$ acts canonically on $SG_{n,k}$. We study the $D_{2m}$ action on $\mathrm{Hom}(K_2,SG_{n,k})$ and define a corresponding orthogonal action on $\mathbb{R}^{k+1} \supset \mathbb{S}^k$. We establish a close equivariant relationship between the graphs $SG_{n,k}$ and Borsuk graphs of the $k$-sphere and use this together with calculations in the $\mathbb{Z}_2$-cohomology ring of $D_{2m}$ to tell which stable Kneser graphs are test graphs in the sense of Babson and Kozlov. The graphs $SG_{2s,4}$ are test graphs, i.e. for every graph $H$ and $r \geq 0$ such that $\mathrm{Hom}(SG_{2s,4},H)$ is $(r-1)$-connected, the chromatic number $\chi (H)$ is at least $r+6$. On the other hand, if $k \notin \{0,1,2,4,8\}$ and $n \geq N(k)$ then $SG_{n,k}$ is not a homotopy test graph, i.e. there are a graph $G$ and an $r \geq 1$ such that $\mathrm{Hom}(SG_{n,k}, G)$ is $(r-1)$-connected and $\chi (G) < r+k+2$. The latter result also depends on a new necessary criterion for being a test graph, which involves the automorphism group of the graph. Schrijver a défini le graphe de Kneser stable $SG_{n,k}$, avec $n \geq 1$ et $k \geq 0$. Le graphe $SG_{n,k}$ est un graphe critique (par rapport aux sommets) de nombre chromatique $k+2$, dont les sommets correspondent à certains sous-ensembles d'un ensemble de cardinalité $m=2n+k$. Björner et de Longueville ont démontré que son complexe de boîtes et la sphère sont homotopiquement équivalents, c'est-à-dire $\mathrm{Hom}(K_2,SG_{n,k}) \simeq \mathbb{S}^k$. Le groupe diédral $D_{2m}$ agit sur $SG_{n,k}$ canoniquement. Nous étudions l'action de $D_{2m}$ sur $\mathrm{Hom}(K_2,SG_{n,k})$ et nous définissons une action orthogonale correspondante sur $\mathbb{R}^{k+1} \supset \mathbb{S}^k$. Par ailleurs, nous fournissons une relation équivariante étroite entre les graphes $SG_{n,k}$ et les graphes de Borsuk de la sphère de dimension $k$. Utilisant cette relation et certains calculs dans l'anneau de cohomologie de $D_{2m}$ sur $\mathbb{Z}_2$, nous décrivons quels graphes de Kneser stables sont des graphes de tests selon la notion de Babson et Kozlov. Les graphes $SG_{2s,4}$ sont des graphes de tests, c'est-à-dire que pour tout $H$ et $r \geq 0$ tels que $\mathrm{Hom}(SG_{2s,4},H)$ est $(r-1)$-connexe, le nombre chromatique $\chi (H)$ est au moins $r+6$. D'autre part, si $k \notin \{0,1,2,4,8\}$ et $n \geq N(k)$, alors $SG_{n,k}$ n'est pas un graphe de tests d'homologie: il existe un graphe $G$ et un entier $r \geq 1$ tels que $\mathrm{Hom}(SG_{n,k}, G)$ est $(r-1)$-connexe et $\chi (G) < r+k+2$. Ce dernier résultat dépend d'un nouveau critère nécessaire pour être un graphe de tests, qui implique le groupe d'automorphismes du graphe.


10.37236/3066 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyuan Che ◽  
Karen L. Collins

A labeling $f: V(G) \rightarrow \{1, 2, \ldots, d\}$ of the vertex set of a graph $G$ is said to be proper $d$-distinguishing if it is a proper coloring of $G$ and any nontrivial automorphism of $G$ maps at least one vertex to a vertex with a different label. The distinguishing chromatic number of $G$, denoted by $\chi_D(G)$, is the minimum $d$ such that $G$ has a proper $d$-distinguishing labeling. Let $\chi(G)$ be the chromatic number of $G$ and $D(G)$ be the distinguishing number of $G$. Clearly, $\chi_D(G) \ge \chi(G)$ and $\chi_D(G) \ge D(G)$. Collins, Hovey and Trenk have given a tight upper bound on $\chi_D(G)-\chi(G)$ in terms of the order of the automorphism group of $G$, improved when the automorphism group of $G$ is a finite abelian group. The Kneser graph $K(n,r)$ is a graph whose vertices are the $r$-subsets of an $n$ element set, and two vertices of $K(n,r)$ are adjacent if their corresponding two $r$-subsets are disjoint. In this paper, we provide a class of graphs $G$, namely Kneser graphs $K(n,r)$, whose automorphism group is the symmetric group, $S_n$, such that $\chi_D(G) - \chi(G) \le 1$. In particular, we prove that $\chi_D(K(n,2))=\chi(K(n,2))+1$ for $n\ge 5$. In addition, we show that $\chi_D(K(n,r))=\chi(K(n,r))$ for $n \ge 2r+1$ and $r\ge 3$.


2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Meysam Alishahi ◽  
Hajiabolhassan Hossein

AbstractIn an earlier paper, the present authors (2015) introduced the altermatic number of graphs and used Tucker’s lemma, an equivalent combinatorial version of the Borsuk–Ulam theorem, to prove that the altermatic number is a lower bound for chromatic number. A matching Kneser graph is a graph whose vertex set consists of all matchings of a specified size in a host graph and two vertices are adjacent if their corresponding matchings are edge-disjoint. Some well-known families of graphs such as Kneser graphs, Schrijver graphs and permutation graphs can be represented by matching Kneser graphs. In this paper, unifying and generalizing some earlier works by Lovász (1978) and Schrijver (1978), we determine the chromatic number of a large family of matching Kneser graphs by specifying their altermatic number. In particular, we determine the chromatic number of these matching Kneser graphs in terms of the generalized Turán number of matchings.


2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 610-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Rodger ◽  
Thomas Richard Whitt

AbstractNecessary and sufficient conditions are given for the existence of a graph decomposition of the Kneser Graph KGn,2 and of the Generalized Kneser Graph GKGn,3,1 into paths of length three.


10.37236/605 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Braun

For integers $n\geq 1$, $k\geq 0$, the stable Kneser graph $SG_{n,k}$ (also called the Schrijver graph) has as vertex set the stable $n$-subsets of $[2n+k]$ and as edges disjoint pairs of $n$-subsets, where a stable $n$-subset is one that does not contain any $2$-subset of the form $\{i,i+1\}$ or $\{1,2n+k\}$. The stable Kneser graphs have been an interesting object of study since the late 1970's when A. Schrijver determined that they are a vertex critical class of graphs with chromatic number $k+2$. This article contains a study of the independence complexes of $SG_{n,k}$ for small values of $n$ and $k$. Our contributions are two-fold: first, we prove that the homotopy type of the independence complex of $SG_{2,k}$ is a wedge of spheres of dimension two. Second, we determine the homotopy types of the independence complexes of certain graphs related to $SG_{n,2}$.


10.37236/8130 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dániel Gerbner ◽  
Abhishek Methuku ◽  
Dániel T. Nagy ◽  
Balazs Patkos ◽  
Máté Vizer

The vertex set of the Kneser graph $K(n,k)$ is $V = \binom{[n]}{k}$ and two vertices are adjacent if the corresponding sets are disjoint. For any graph $F$, the largest size of a vertex set $U \subseteq V$ such that $K(n,k)[U]$ is $F$-free, was recently determined by Alishahi and Taherkhani, whenever $n$ is large enough compared to $k$ and $F$. In this paper, we determine the second largest size of a vertex set $W \subseteq V$ such that $K(n,k)[W]$ is $F$-free, in the case when $F$ is an even cycle or a complete multi-partite graph. In the latter case, we actually give a more general theorem depending on the chromatic number of $F$. 


10.37236/8005 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Kupavskii

The Kneser graph $KG_{n,k}$ is the graph whose vertices are the $k$-element subsets of $[n],$ with two vertices adjacent if and only if the corresponding sets are disjoint. A famous result due to Lovász states that the chromatic number of $KG_{n,k}$ is equal to $n-2k+2$. In this paper we discuss the chromatic number of random Kneser graphs and hypergraphs. It was studied in two recent papers, one due to Kupavskii, who proposed the problem and studied  the graph case, and the more recent one due to Alishahi and Hajiabolhassan. The authors of the latter paper had extended the result of Kupavskii to the case of general Kneser hypergraphs. Moreover, they have improved the bounds of Kupavskii in the graph case for many values of parameters.In the present paper we present a purely combinatorial approach to the problem based on blow-ups of graphs, which gives much better bounds on the chromatic number of random Kneser and Schrijver graphs and Kneser hypergraphs. This allows us to improve all known results on the topic. The most interesting improvements are obtained in the case of $r$-uniform Kneser hypergraphs with $r\ge 3$, where we managed to replace certain polynomial dependencies of the parameters by the logarithmic ones.


Author(s):  
Gülnaz Boruzanlı Ekinci ◽  
John Baptist Gauci

The study of connectivity parameters forms an integral part of the research conducted in establishing the fault tolerance of networks. A number of variations on the classical notion of connectivity have been proposed and studied. In particular, the super--connectivity asks for the minimum number of vertices that need to be deleted from a graph in order to disconnect the graph without creating isolated vertices. In this work, we determine this value for two closely related families of graphs which are considered as good models for networks, namely the odd graphs and their Kronecker double cover. The odd graphs are constructed by taking all possible subsets of size $k$ from the set of integers $\{1,\ldots,2k+1\}$ as vertices, and defining two vertices to be adjacent if the corresponding $k$-subsets are disjoint; these correspond to the Kneser graphs $KG(2k+1,k)$. The Kronecker double cover of a graph $G$ is formed by taking the Kronecker product of $G$ with the complete graph on two vertices; in the case when $G$ is $KG(2k+1,k)$, the Kronecker double cover is the bipartite Kneser graph $H(2k+1,k)$. We show that in both instances, the super--connectivity is equal to $2k$.


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