scholarly journals Noncrossing Partitions, Toggles, and Homomesies

10.37236/5648 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Einstein ◽  
Miriam Farber ◽  
Emily Gunawan ◽  
Michael Joseph ◽  
Matthew Macauley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Family ◽  
Independent Sets ◽  
Algebraic Combinatorics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Noncrossing Partitions

We introduce $n(n-1)/2$ natural involutions ("toggles") on the set $S$ of noncrossing partitions $\pi$ of size $n$, along with certain composite operations obtained by composing these involutions. We show that for many operations $T$ of this kind, a surprisingly large family of functions $f$ on $S$ (including the function that sends $\pi$ to the number of blocks of $\pi$) exhibits the homomesy phenomenon: the average of $f$ over the elements of a $T$-orbit is the same for all $T$-orbits. We can apply our method of proof more broadly to toggle operations back on the collection of independent sets of certain graphs. We utilize this generalization to prove a theorem about toggling on a family of graphs called "$2$-cliquish." More generally, the philosophy of this "toggle-action", proposed by Striker, is a popular topic of current and future research in dynamic algebraic combinatorics.

scholarly journals Noncrossing partitions, toggles, and homomesy

2020 ◽  
Vol DMTCS Proceedings, 28th... ◽  
Author(s):  
David Einstein ◽  
Miriam Farber ◽  
Emily Gunawan ◽  
Michael Joseph ◽  
Matthew Macauley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Family ◽  
Independent Sets ◽  
Noncrossing Partitions ◽  
International Audience

International audience We introduce n(n − 1)/2 natural involutions (“toggles”) on the set S of noncrossing partitions π of size n, along with certain composite operations obtained by composing these involutions. We show that for many operations T of this kind, a surprisingly large family of functions f on S (including the function that sends π to the number of blocks of π) exhibits the homomesy phenomenon: the average of f over the elements of a T -orbit is the same for all T -orbits. Our methods apply more broadly to toggle operations on independent sets of certain graphs.

A Case Study: Analysis of Patents of Coronaviruses and Covid-19 for Technology Assesment and Future Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Musyuni ◽  
Geeta Aggarwal ◽  
Manju Nagpal ◽  
Ramesh K. Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Biological Drugs ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Patent Literature ◽  
Patent Documents

Background: Protecting intellectual property rights are important and particularly pertinent for inventions which are an outcome of rigorous research and development. While the grant of patents is subject to establishing novelty and inventive step, it further indicates the technological development and helpful for researchers working in the same technical domain. The aim of the present research work is to map the existing work through analysis of patent literature, in the field of Coronaviruses (CoV), particularly COVID-19 (2019-nCoV). CoV is a large family of viruses known to cause illness in human and animals, particularly known for causing respiratory infections as evidenced in earlier times such as in MERS i.e. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome; SRS i.e. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. A recently identified novel-coronavirus has known as COVID-19 which has currently caused pandemic situation across the globe. Objective: To expand analysis of patents related to CoV and 2019-nCoV. Evaluation has been conducted by patenting trends of particular strains of identified CoV diseases by present legal status, main concerned countries via earliest priority years and its assignee types and inventors of identified relevant patents. We analyzed the global patent documents to check the scope of claims along with focuses and trends of the published patent documents for the entire CoV family including 2019- nCoV through the present landscape. Methods: To extract the results, Derwent Innovation database is used by a combination of different key-strings. Approximately 3800 patents were obtained and further scrutinized and analyzed. The present write-up also discusses the recent progress of patent applications in a period of the year 2010 to 2020 (present) along with the recent developments in India for the treatment options for CoV and 2019-nCoV. Results: Present analysis showed that key areas of the inventions have been focused on vaccines and diagnostic kits apart from the composition for treatment of CoV. We also observed that no specific vaccine treatments is available for treatment of 2019-nCov, however, developing novel chemical or biological drugs and kits for early diagnosis, prevention and disease management is the primarily governing topic among the patented inventions. The present study also indicates potential research opportunities for the future, particularly to combat 2019-nCoV. Conclusion: The present paper analyzes the existing patents in the field of Coronaviruses and 2019-nCoV and suggests a way forward for the effective contribution in this upcoming research area. From the trend analysis, it was observed an increase in filing of the overall trend of patent families for a period of 2010 to the current year. This multifaceted analysis of identified patent literature provides an understanding of the focuses on present ongoing research and grey area in terms of the trends of technological innovations in disease management in patients with CoV and 2019-nCoV. Further, the findings and outcome of the present study offer insights for the proposed research and innovation opportunities and provide actionable information in order to facilitate policymakers, academia, research driven institutes and also investors to make better decisions regarding programmed steps for research and development for the diagnosis, treatment and taking preventive measures for CoV and 2019-nCoV. The present article also emphasizes on the need for future development and the role of academia and collaboration with industry for speedy research with a rationale.

scholarly journals Blood Group Susceptibility towardsCOVID-19 and Other Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-176
Author(s):  
Renuka Sharma ◽  
Manpreet Kaur ◽  
Manpreet Kaur ◽  
Neeru ◽  
Neha Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Abo Blood Group ◽  
Blood Group System ◽  
Blood Group Antigens ◽  
Group System ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

COVID – 19 is a global pandemic caused by a coronavirus named SARS CoV -2. A large family of viruses that causes severe respiratory diseases known as Coronavirus (CoVs) show symptoms such as common cold and range to more rare and severe respiratory diseases such SARAS i.e Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and MERS i.e Middle East Respiratory Syndrome detected for the first time in 2003 and 2012, respectively. It is expected to be a zoonotic virus transmitted via bats categorically, from genus Rhinolophus and closely related animals to humans. As this life threatening pandemic started from the Wuhan city of China, and the examination about this disease is still in continuity. It is very important to explore all possible scientific key points regarding this disease to eradicate such a dangerous issue from the society and to save the human race on earth. Literature available till now confirmed that the ABO blood group system showed significant relationship with various diseases. Now, scientific communities were working on different aspects of COVID-19 disease. But by keeping in mind about the severity of this disease and the relationship of blood group system of humans with infectious disease we conducted this study. Present review is designed to explore the relationship of COVID-19 alongwith other disease with the ABO blood group and Von Willebrand Factor. This study will provide information about the scientific evidences regarding the role of blood group antigens in prognosis of COVID-19 alongwith other disease and this can be significant for future research.

scholarly journals 2D MXenes as Co-catalysts in Photocatalysis: Synthetic Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliang Sun ◽  
Xing Meng ◽  
Yohan Dall’Agnese ◽  
Chunxiang Dall’Agnese ◽  
Shengnan Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Mechanical Mixing ◽  
Co Catalyst ◽  
Co Catalysts ◽  
Photogenerated Charge Separation

Abstract Since their seminal discovery in 2011, two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides/nitrides known as MXenes, that constitute a large family of 2D materials, have been targeted toward various applications due to their outstanding electronic properties. MXenes functioning as co-catalyst in combination with certain photocatalysts have been applied in photocatalytic systems to enhance photogenerated charge separation, suppress rapid charge recombination, and convert solar energy into chemical energy or use it in the degradation of organic compounds. The photocatalytic performance greatly depends on the composition and morphology of the photocatalyst, which, in turn, are determined by the method of preparation used. Here, we review the four different synthesis methods (mechanical mixing, self-assembly, in situ decoration, and oxidation) reported for MXenes in view of their application as co-catalyst in photocatalysis. In addition, the working mechanism for MXenes application in photocatalysis is discussed and an outlook for future research is also provided.

Role of the Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors in Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 128 (7) ◽  
pp. 1021-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Fang ◽  
M. Christine Livergood ◽  
Pablo Nakagawa ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Curt D. Sigmund
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Arterial Blood

Nuclear receptors represent a large family of ligand-activated transcription factors which sense the physiological environment and make long-term adaptations by mediating changes in gene expression. In this review, we will first discuss the fundamental mechanisms by which nuclear receptors mediate their transcriptional responses. We will focus on the PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) family of adopted orphan receptors paying special attention to PPARγ, the isoform with the most compelling evidence as an important regulator of arterial blood pressure. We will review genetic data showing that rare mutations in PPARγ cause severe hypertension and clinical trial data which show that PPARγ activators have beneficial effects on blood pressure. We will detail the tissue- and cell-specific molecular mechanisms by which PPARs in the brain, kidney, vasculature, and immune system modulate blood pressure and related phenotypes, such as endothelial function. Finally, we will discuss the role of placental PPARs in preeclampsia, a life threatening form of hypertension during pregnancy. We will close with a viewpoint on future research directions and implications for developing novel therapies.

Tephritidae bacterial symbionts: potentials for pest management

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Noman ◽  
L. Liu ◽  
Z. Bai ◽  
Z. Li
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Symbiotic Associations

AbstractTephritidae is a large family that includes several fruit and vegetable pests. These organisms usually harbor a variegated bacterial community in their digestive systems. Symbiotic associations of bacteria and fruit flies have been well-studied in the generaAnastrepha, Bactrocera, Ceratitis,andRhagoletis.Molecular and culture-based techniques indicate that many genera of the Enterobacteriaceae family, especially the genera ofKlebsiella, Enterobacter, Pectobacterium, Citrobacter, Erwinia,andProvidenciaconstitute the most prevalent populations in the gut of fruit flies. The function of symbiotic bacteria provides a promising strategy for the biological control of insect pests. Gut bacteria can be used for controlling fruit fly through many ways, including attracting as odors, enhancing the success of sterile insect technique, declining the pesticide resistance, mass rearing of parasitoids and so on. New technology and recent research improved our knowledge of the gut bacteria diversity and function, which increased their potential for pest management. In this review, we discussed the diversity of bacteria in the economically important fruit fly and the use of these bacteria for controlling fruit fly populations. All the information is important for strengthening the future research of new strategies developed for insect pest control by the understanding of symbiotic relationships and multitrophic interactions between host plant and insects.

scholarly journals Potentially inappropriate medications in older patients based on Beers criteria at a large family medicine clinic in Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. bjgp19X703349
Author(s):  
Atheer Alturki
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Family Medicine ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Beers Criteria ◽  
Potentially Inappropriate Medications ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Inappropriate Medications

BackgroundThe use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) is an issue especially among older patients who have medical comorbidities. They are more at risk to drug adverse effects compared to younger patients.AimTo determine the prevalence of PIMs use according to Beers criteria among the older population in a large family medicine setting in Saudi Arabia and to identify the associated risk.MethodThis was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted from June 2017 to June 2018. All patients aged ≥65 years who were followed-up at the family medicine clinics were included. The American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria were used to determine the PIMs use.ResultsA total of 270 older patients aged 72.41 ± 6.23 years were included in the study. The prevalence of PIMs was 60.7%. Multivariate analyses identified three independent variables associated with PIMs: incremental age per 5 years (odds ratio [OR] = 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15 to 1.88; P = 0.002), female sex (OR 1.95; 95% CI = 1.10 to 3.42; P = 0.021), and polypharmacy (OR 8.21; 95% CI = 4.58 to 14.7; P<0.001). The most common PIMs used were 39.4% related to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), 25.2% to diuretics (other than spironolactone), 10.6% to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and 8.7% to aspirin use.ConclusionThis study showed high prevalence of PIMs. Increasing age, female sex, and polypharmacy were found to be significant risk factors for PIMs use. The present study reinforces the importance of comprehensive medication management and reviews. Future research should evaluate interventions aimed at improving primary care follow-up and reducing the prevalence of PIMs.

scholarly journals FOUNDERS’ VALUES CONTRIBUTING TO THE INTERGENERATIONAL SUCCESSION OF LARGE FAMILY BUSINESSES

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Hadi Cahyadi ◽  
Jacob Donald Tan ◽  
Sugiarto Sugiarto ◽  
Anton Wachidin Widjaja ◽  
Rudy Pramono
Keyword(s):  
Family Business ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Family Businesses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Higher Purpose

Studi ini menganalisis nilai-nilai pendiri yang berkontribusi pada suksesi antargenerasi dari bisnis keluarga besar yang dianggap konglomerat di Indonesia. Akses informan dalam usaha keluarga besar ini masih langka, terutama karena sifat usaha keluarga yang tertutup. Dengan demikian, meskipun beberapa peneliti telah membahas hubungan antara nilai dan umur panjang, studi yang menyinggung bisnis keluarga besar di ekonomi yang sedang berkembang ini masih minim. Selain itu, penting untuk mengetahui bagaimana nilai-nilai para pendiri mempengaruhi umur panjang bisnis keluarga besar mereka, mengingat dampak kelompok konglomerat tersebut terhadap perekonomian Indonesia. Para peneliti menggunakan Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) dengan mewawancarai 15 informan yang terdiri dari penerus dan profesional non-keluarga kunci dari 5 kelompok konglomerat. Pengamatan dan catatan lapangan juga dicatat untuk melakukan triangulasi dengan data wawancara. Penelitian ini mendorong wawasan empiris baru ke dalam nilai-nilai para pendiri dalam mengubah manajemen bisnis keluarga dan umur panjang mereka. Temuan tersebut mengungkapkan bahwa nilai-nilai integritas dan kewirausahaan pendiri adalah yang teratas, diikuti oleh kesopanan, kepercayaan, tujuan yang lebih tinggi, dan kepercayaan kepada Tuhan. Nilai-nilai yang ditimbulkan ini menopang umur panjang bisnis keluarga besar hingga generasi berikutnya dan membuka jalan potensial untuk penelitian di masa depan.  This study analyzed the founders’ values that contribute to the intergenerational succession of large family businesses that are considered conglomerates in Indonesia. The access to the informants in these large family businesses is scarce, especially due to the reserved nature of the family business. Thus, even though several researchers have addressed the relationship between values and longevity, the studies that allude to large family businesses in this emerging economy is still scant.  Besides, it is vital to investigate how the values of the founders affect the longevity of their large family businesses, considering the impact that these conglomerate groups have on Indonesia’s economy. The researchers employed the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) by interviewing 15 informants composing of successors and key non-family professionals from 5 conglomerate groups. Observations and field notes were also taken note of to triangulate with the interview data. This research induced new empirical insights into the founders’ values in transforming their family business management and longevity. The findings revealed that the founder's values of integrity and entrepreneurship are among the top, followed by modesty, trustworthiness, a higher purpose, and trust in God. These elicited values underpin the longevity of large family businesses into the next generations and enkindle potential avenues for future research.

Crystal chemistry of high-Tc superconductors

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1118-1119
Author(s):  
Maryvonne Hervieu
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Copper Oxides ◽  
High Tc Superconductors ◽  
High Tc ◽  
Single Mechanism ◽  
Square Planar ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bismuth Cuprates ◽  
New Compounds

Four years after the discovery of superconductivity at high temperature in the Ba-La-Cu-O system, more than thirty new compounds have been synthesized, which can be classified in six series of copper oxides: La2CuO4 - type oxides, bismuth cuprates, YBa2Cu3O7 family, thallium cuprates, lead cuprates and Nd2CuO4 - type oxides. Despite their quite different specific natures, close relationships allow their structures to be simply described through a single mechanism. The fifth first families can indeed be described as intergrowths of multiple oxygen deficient perovskite slabs with multiple rock salt-type slabs, according to the representation [ACuO3-x]m [AO]n.The n and m values are integer in the parent structures, n varying from 0 to 3 and m from 1 to 4; every member of this large family can thus be symbolized by [m,n]. The oxygen deficient character of the perovskite slabs involves the existence or the co-existence of several types of copper environment: octahedral, pyramidal and square planar.Both mechanisms, oxygen deficiency and intergrowth, are well known to give rise easily to nonstoichiometry phenomena. Numerous and various phenomena have actually been characterized in these cuprates, strongly depending on the thermal history of the samples.

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