scholarly journals Moore Graphs and Beyond: A survey of the Degree/Diameter Problem

10.37236/35 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirka Miller ◽  
Jozef Sirán
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Degree ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
The Other ◽  
Large Graphs ◽  
Current State ◽  
Unexplored Area ◽  
Vertex Transitive ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Parameters

The degree/diameter problem is to determine the largest graphs or digraphs of given maximum degree and given diameter.General upper bounds - called Moore bounds - for the order of such graphs and digraphs are attainable only for certain special graphs and digraphs. Finding better (tighter) upper bounds for the maximum possible number of vertices, given the other two parameters, and thus attacking the degree/diameter problem 'from above', remains a largely unexplored area. Constructions producing large graphs and digraphs of given degree and diameter represent a way of attacking the degree/diameter problem 'from below'.This survey aims to give an overview of the current state-of-the-art of the degree/diameter problem. We focus mainly on the above two streams of research. However, we could not resist mentioning also results on various related problems. These include considering Moore-like bounds for special types of graphs and digraphs, such as vertex-transitive, Cayley, planar, bipartite, and many others, on the one hand, and related properties such as connectivity, regularity, and surface embeddability, on the other hand.

scholarly journals Coordinated Reasoning for Cross-Lingual Knowledge Graph Alignment

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (05) ◽  
pp. 9354-9361
Author(s):  
Kun Xu ◽  
Linfeng Song ◽  
Yansong Feng ◽  
Yan Song ◽  
Dong Yu
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Other ◽  
Knowledge Graph ◽  
Alignment Algorithm ◽  
Graph Alignment ◽  
Current State ◽  
Alignment Model ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Cross Lingual

Existing entity alignment methods mainly vary on the choices of encoding the knowledge graph, but they typically use the same decoding method, which independently chooses the local optimal match for each source entity. This decoding method may not only cause the “many-to-one” problem but also neglect the coordinated nature of this task, that is, each alignment decision may highly correlate to the other decisions. In this paper, we introduce two coordinated reasoning methods, i.e., the Easy-to-Hard decoding strategy and joint entity alignment algorithm. Specifically, the Easy-to-Hard strategy first retrieves the model-confident alignments from the predicted results and then incorporates them as additional knowledge to resolve the remaining model-uncertain alignments. To achieve this, we further propose an enhanced alignment model that is built on the current state-of-the-art baseline. In addition, to address the many-to-one problem, we propose to jointly predict entity alignments so that the one-to-one constraint can be naturally incorporated into the alignment prediction. Experimental results show that our model achieves the state-of-the-art performance and our reasoning methods can also significantly improve existing baselines.

scholarly journals Faster Motif Counting via Succinct Color Coding and Adaptive Sampling

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Marco Bressan ◽  
Stefano Leucci ◽  
Alessandro Panconesi
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Sampling ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Color Coding ◽  
Input Graph ◽  
Large Graphs ◽  
Running Time ◽  
Uniform Sampling ◽  
Current State ◽  
Connected Subgraphs

We address the problem of computing the distribution of induced connected subgraphs, aka graphlets or motifs , in large graphs. The current state-of-the-art algorithms estimate the motif counts via uniform sampling by leveraging the color coding technique by Alon, Yuster, and Zwick. In this work, we extend the applicability of this approach by introducing a set of algorithmic optimizations and techniques that reduce the running time and space usage of color coding and improve the accuracy of the counts. To this end, we first show how to optimize color coding to efficiently build a compact table of a representative subsample of all graphlets in the input graph. For 8-node motifs, we can build such a table in one hour for a graph with 65M nodes and 1.8B edges, which is times larger than the state of the art. We then introduce a novel adaptive sampling scheme that breaks the “additive error barrier” of uniform sampling, guaranteeing multiplicative approximations instead of just additive ones. This allows us to count not only the most frequent motifs, but also extremely rare ones. For instance, on one graph we accurately count nearly 10.000 distinct 8-node motifs whose relative frequency is so small that uniform sampling would literally take centuries to find them. Our results show that color coding is still the most promising approach to scalable motif counting.

Occupant pre-crash kinematics in rotated seat arrangements

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110045
Author(s):  
Alexander Diederich ◽  
Christophe Bastien ◽  
Karthikeyan Ekambaram ◽  
Alexis Wilson
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Seating Arrangement ◽  
Current State ◽  
Occupant Comfort ◽  
Occupant Kinematics ◽  
Belt System

The introduction of automated L5 driving technologies will revolutionise the design of vehicle interiors and seating configurations, improving occupant comfort and experience. It is foreseen that pre-crash emergency braking and swerving manoeuvres will affect occupant posture, which could lead to an interaction with a deploying airbag. This research addresses the urgent safety need of defining the occupant’s kinematics envelope during that pre-crash phase, considering rotated seat arrangements and different seatbelt configurations. The research used two different sets of volunteer tests experiencing L5 vehicle manoeuvres, based in the first instance on 22 50th percentile fit males wearing a lap-belt (OM4IS), while the other dataset is based on 87 volunteers with a BMI range of 19 to 67 kg/m2 wearing a 3-point belt (UMTRI). Unique biomechanics kinematics corridors were then defined, as a function of belt configuration and vehicle manoeuvre, to calibrate an Active Human Model (AHM) using a multi-objective optimisation coupled with a Correlation and Analysis (CORA) rating. The research improved the AHM omnidirectional kinematics response over current state of the art in a generic lap-belted environment. The AHM was then tested in a rotated seating arrangement under extreme braking, highlighting that maximum lateral and frontal motions are comparable, independent of the belt system, while the asymmetry of the 3-point belt increased the occupant’s motion towards the seatbelt buckle. It was observed that the frontal occupant kinematics decrease by 200 mm compared to a lap-belted configuration. This improved omnidirectional AHM is the first step towards designing safer future L5 vehicle interiors.

scholarly journals Extraction of causal relations based on SBEL and BERT model

Database ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Shao ◽  
Haoru Li ◽  
Jinghang Gu ◽  
Longhua Qian ◽  
Guodong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Relation Extraction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biomedical Text ◽  
Intermediate Form ◽  
Biomedical Text Mining ◽  
Causal Relations ◽  
The One ◽  
Stage 1

Abstract Extraction of causal relations between biomedical entities in the form of Biological Expression Language (BEL) poses a new challenge to the community of biomedical text mining due to the complexity of BEL statements. We propose a simplified form of BEL statements [Simplified Biological Expression Language (SBEL)] to facilitate BEL extraction and employ BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers) to improve the performance of causal relation extraction (RE). On the one hand, BEL statement extraction is transformed into the extraction of an intermediate form—SBEL statement, which is then further decomposed into two subtasks: entity RE and entity function detection. On the other hand, we use a powerful pretrained BERT model to both extract entity relations and detect entity functions, aiming to improve the performance of two subtasks. Entity relations and functions are then combined into SBEL statements and finally merged into BEL statements. Experimental results on the BioCreative-V Track 4 corpus demonstrate that our method achieves the state-of-the-art performance in BEL statement extraction with F1 scores of 54.8% in Stage 2 evaluation and of 30.1% in Stage 1 evaluation, respectively. Database URL: https://github.com/grapeff/SBEL_datasets

THE APPLICATION OF PETRI NETS TO WORKFLOW MANAGEMENT

1998 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 21-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. P. VAN DER AALST
Keyword(s):  
Petri Nets ◽  
Petri Net ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Workflow Management ◽  
Explicit Representation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Application Domain ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
The One

Workflow management promises a new solution to an age-old problem: controlling, monitoring, optimizing and supporting business processes. What is new about workflow management is the explicit representation of the business process logic which allows for computerized support. This paper discusses the use of Petri nets in the context of workflow management. Petri nets are an established tool for modeling and analyzing processes. On the one hand, Petri nets can be used as a design language for the specification of complex workflows. On the other hand, Petri net theory provides for powerful analysis techniques which can be used to verify the correctness of workflow procedures. This paper introduces workflow management as an application domain for Petri nets, presents state-of-the-art results with respect to the verification of workflows, and highlights some Petri-net-based workflow tools.

Summary of the current state of the pathogenesis of glaucoma

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 839-845
Author(s):  
V. P. Roshchin
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Blind People ◽  
Current State ◽  
Constant State ◽  
The One

The problem of glaucoma has, for many reasons, occupied and continues to occupy a prominent place in the ophthalmic press. It is enough to recall that 19% of all blind people owe their misfortune to glaucoma to understand why interest in this affliction has never faded among ophthalmologists. Furthermore, no ophthalmologist is quite sure that a certain method of treatment, even if the patient has timely applied for medical attention, can definitely prevent a sad outcome in every single case. This plus the absence of a unified and correct view of the essence of glaucoma keeps ophthalmologists in a constant state of flux, constantly striving to uncover the hidden springs of the disease process on the one hand, and to find a more radical means to combat it on the other.

Efficient reversible quantum design of sig-magnitude to two's complement converters

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9&10) ◽  
pp. 747-765
Author(s):  
F. Orts ◽  
G. Ortega ◽  
E.M. E.M. Garzon
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Quantum Computer ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Other ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
Binary Number ◽  
Quantum Cost ◽  
The One

Despite the great interest that the scientific community has in quantum computing, the scarcity and high cost of resources prevent to advance in this field. Specifically, qubits are very expensive to build, causing the few available quantum computers are tremendously limited in their number of qubits and delaying their progress. This work presents new reversible circuits that optimize the necessary resources for the conversion of a sign binary number into two's complement of N digits. The benefits of our work are two: on the one hand, the proposed two's complement converters are fault tolerant circuits and also are more efficient in terms of resources (essentially, quantum cost, number of qubits, and T-count) than the described in the literature. On the other hand, valuable information about available converters and, what is more, quantum adders, is summarized in tables for interested researchers. The converters have been measured using robust metrics and have been compared with the state-of-the-art circuits. The code to build them in a real quantum computer is given.

Qillah: A Morphological Extension for Identifying Plural-of-Paucity Arabic Words

2021 ◽  
pp. 2050013
Author(s):  
Ahlam Fuad ◽  
Amany bin Gahman ◽  
Rasha Alenezy ◽  
Wed Ateeq ◽  
Hend Al-Khalifa
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Current State ◽  
Maximum Accuracy ◽  
Classical Arabic

Plural of paucity is one type of broken plural used in the classical Arabic. It is used when the number of people or objects ranges from three to 10. Based on our evaluation of four current state-of-the-art Arabic morphological analyzers, there is a lack of identification of broken plural words, specifically the plural of paucity. Therefore, this paper presents “[Formula: see text]” Qillah (paucity), a morphological extension that is built on top of other morphological analyzers and uses a hybrid rule-based and lexicon-based approach to enhance the identification of plural of paucity. Two versions of the Qillah were developed, one is based on FARASA morphological analyzer and the other is based on CALIMA Star analyzer, as these are some of the best-performing morphological analyzers. We designed two experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed solution based on a collection of 402 different Arabic words. The version based on CALIMA Star achieved a maximum accuracy of 93% in identifying the plural-of-paucity words compared to the baselines. It also achieved a maximum accuracy of 98% compared to the baselines in identifying the plurality of the words.

The State of the Art in Management Education Applicable to Aerospace Activities

1967 ◽  
Vol 71 (677) ◽  
pp. 342-343
Author(s):  
F. H. East
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Management Education ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Development Project ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Defence Budget ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All

The Aviation Group of the Ministry of Technology (formerly the Ministry of Aviation) is responsible for spending a large part of the country's defence budget, both in research and development on the one hand and production or procurement on the other. In addition, it has responsibilities in many non-defence fields, mainly, but not exclusively, in aerospace.Few developments have been carried out entirely within the Ministry's own Establishments; almost all have required continuous co-operation between the Ministry and Industry. In the past the methods of management and collaboration and the relative responsibilities of the Ministry and Industry have varied with time, with the type of equipment to be developed, with the size of the development project and so on. But over the past ten years there has been a growing awareness of the need to put some system into the complex business of translating a requirement into a specification and a specification into a product within reasonable bounds of time and cost.

scholarly journals Inscriptiones Graecae Between Present and Future

Axon ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Funke
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Workshop Report ◽  
Current State ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
The One

In the first part of my ‘workshop report’, I will provide information about the current state of the epigraphical editions of the Inscriptiones Graecae. Subsequently, I will focus on the plans for the upcoming years. In this context, questions pertaining to epigraphic research in new geographic regions, on the one hand, and the revision of past editions, on the other hand, are paramount. In the second part of my report, I will outline the current state and future perspectives of the digitisation of the IG.

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