scholarly journals Hurwitz Equivalence in Tuples of Dihedral Groups, Dicyclic Groups, and Semidihedral Groups

10.37236/184 ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charmaine Sia

Let $D_{2N}$ be the dihedral group of order $2N$, ${\it Dic}_{4M}$ the dicyclic group of order $4M$, $SD_{2^m}$ the semidihedral group of order $2^m$, and $M_{2^m}$ the group of order $2^m$ with presentation $$M_{2^m} = \langle \alpha, \beta \mid \alpha^{2^{m-1}} = \beta^2 = 1,\ \beta\alpha\beta^{-1} = \alpha^{2^{m-2}+1} \rangle.$$ We classify the orbits in $D_{2N}^n$, ${\it Dic}_{4M}^n$, $SD_{2^m}^n$, and $M_{2^m}^n$ under the Hurwitz action.

10.37236/804 ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-dong Hou

Let $Q_{2^m}$ be the generalized quaternion group of order $2^m$ and $D_N$ the dihedral group of order $2N$. We classify the orbits in $Q_{2^m}^n$ and $D_{p^m}^n$ ($p$ prime) under the Hurwitz action.


Author(s):  
Roman Ger

Abstract  We deal with an alienation problem for an Euler–Lagrange type functional equation $$\begin{aligned} f(\alpha x + \beta y) + f(\alpha x - \beta y) = 2\alpha ^2f(x) + 2\beta ^2f(y) \end{aligned}$$ f ( α x + β y ) + f ( α x - β y ) = 2 α 2 f ( x ) + 2 β 2 f ( y ) assumed for fixed nonzero real numbers $$\alpha ,\beta ,\, 1 \ne \alpha ^2 \ne \beta ^2$$ α , β , 1 ≠ α 2 ≠ β 2 , and the classic quadratic functional equation $$\begin{aligned} g(x+y) + g(x-y) = 2g(x) + 2g(y). \end{aligned}$$ g ( x + y ) + g ( x - y ) = 2 g ( x ) + 2 g ( y ) . We were inspired by papers of Kim et al. (Abstract and applied analysis, vol. 2013, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2013) and Gordji and Khodaei (Abstract and applied analysis, vol. 2009, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2009), where the special case $$g = \gamma f$$ g = γ f was examined.


2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Laurian-Ioan Pişcoran ◽  
Vishnu Narayan Mishra

Abstract In this paper we investigate a new {(\alpha,\beta)} -metric {F=\beta+\frac{a\alpha^{2}+\beta^{2}}{\alpha}} , where {\alpha=\sqrt{{a_{ij}y^{i}y^{j}}}} is a Riemannian metric; {\beta=b_{i}y^{i}} is a 1-form and {a\in(\frac{1}{4},+\infty)} is a real scalar. Also, we investigate the relationship between the geodesic coefficients of the metric F and the corresponding geodesic coefficients of the metric α.


2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-659
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Guo ◽  
Kanishka Perera ◽  
Wenming Zou

AbstractWe consider the critical p-Laplacian system\left\{\begin{aligned} &\displaystyle{-}\Delta_{p}u-\frac{\lambda a}{p}\lvert u% \rvert^{a-2}u\lvert v\rvert^{b}=\mu_{1}\lvert u\rvert^{p^{\ast}-2}u+\frac{% \alpha\gamma}{p^{\ast}}\lvert u\rvert^{\alpha-2}u\lvert v\rvert^{\beta},&&% \displaystyle x\in\Omega,\\ &\displaystyle{-}\Delta_{p}v-\frac{\lambda b}{p}\lvert u\rvert^{a}\lvert v% \rvert^{b-2}v=\mu_{2}\lvert v\rvert^{p^{\ast}-2}v+\frac{\beta\gamma}{p^{\ast}}% \lvert u\rvert^{\alpha}\lvert v\rvert^{\beta-2}v,&&\displaystyle x\in\Omega,\\ &\displaystyle u,v\text{ in }D_{0}^{1,p}(\Omega),\end{aligned}\right.where {\Delta_{p}u:=\operatorname{div}(\lvert\nabla u\rvert^{p-2}\nabla u)} is the p-Laplacian operator defined onD^{1,p}(\mathbb{R}^{N}):=\bigl{\{}u\in L^{p^{\ast}}(\mathbb{R}^{N}):\lvert% \nabla u\rvert\in L^{p}(\mathbb{R}^{N})\bigr{\}},endowed with the norm {{\lVert u\rVert_{D^{1,p}}:=(\int_{\mathbb{R}^{N}}\lvert\nabla u\rvert^{p}\,dx% )^{\frac{1}{p}}}}, {N\geq 3}, {1<p<N}, {\lambda,\mu_{1},\mu_{2}\geq 0}, {\gamma\neq 0}, {a,b,\alpha,\beta>1} satisfy {a+b=p}, {\alpha+\beta=p^{\ast}:=\frac{Np}{N-p}}, the critical Sobolev exponent, Ω is {\mathbb{R}^{N}} or a bounded domain in {\mathbb{R}^{N}} and {D_{0}^{1,p}(\Omega)} is the closure of {C_{0}^{\infty}(\Omega)} in {D^{1,p}(\mathbb{R}^{N})}. Under suitable assumptions, we establish the existence and nonexistence of a positive least energy solution of this system. We also consider the existence and multiplicity of the nontrivial nonnegative solutions.


1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (1) ◽  
pp. C61-C73 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Goodman ◽  
I. S. Zagon ◽  
C. F. Whitfield ◽  
L. A. Casoria ◽  
S. B. Shohet ◽  
...  

A mouse brain spectrin-like protein, which was an immunoreactive analogue of erythrocyte spectrin, has been isolated from demyelinated membranes. This spectrin analogue was a 10.5 S, 972,000 molecular weight (Mr) (alpha beta)2 tetramer containing subunits of 240,000 (alpha) and 235,000 (beta) Mr. We demonstrated that in vivo only the 235,000 Mr beta subunit of the mouse brain spectrin-like protein was phosphorylated, which was an analogous situation to mouse erythrocyte spectrin in which only the 220,000 Mr beta subunit was phosphorylated. Incubation of isolated membrane fractions with [gamma-32P]ATP +/- adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) indicated that mouse brain spectrin-like protein, mouse erythrocyte spectrin, and human erythrocyte spectrin's beta subunits were all phosphorylated in vitro by membrane-associated cAMP-independent protein kinases.


1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Gugneja ◽  
J V Virbasius ◽  
R C Scarpulla

Nuclear respiratory factor 2 (NRF-2) was previously purified to near homogeneity from HeLa cells on the basis of its ability to bind tandem recognition sites in the rat cytochrome oxidase subunit IV (RCO4) promoter. It consisted of five subunits, alpha, beta 1, beta 2, gamma 1, and gamma 2. Sequencing of tryptic peptides from alpha and from mixtures of the two beta or two gamma subunits revealed sequence identities with subunits of the mouse GA-binding protein (GABP), a ubiquitously expressed ETS domain activator composed of three subunits, alpha, beta 1, and beta 2. To understand the precise relationship between NRF-2 and GABP, cDNAs for all five NRF-2 subunits have now been cloned and their products have been overexpressed. The results establish that the two additional NRF-2 subunits are molecular variants that differ from GABP beta 1 and beta 2 by having a 12-amino-acid insertion containing two serine doublets. PCR and RNase protection assays show that mRNAs for these variants are expressed in the human but not the rodent cells and tissues examined. The insertion did not alter the ability of the beta and gamma subunits to associate with alpha, the DNA-binding subunit, nor did it affect the ability of NRF-2 beta 1 or beta 2 to direct high-affinity binding of alpha to tandem sites in the RCO4 promoter. In addition, the four NRF-2 beta and gamma subunits were equally proficient in activating transcription in transfected cells when fused to a GAL4 DNA-binding domain. The domain responsible for this transcriptional activation was localized by deletion mapping to a region of approximately 70 amino acids that is conserved in all four NRF-2 beta and gamma subunits. The repeated glutamine-containing hydrophobic clusters within this region bear a strong resemblance to those recently implicated in protein-protein interactions within the transcriptional apparatus.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-239
Author(s):  
Irina A. Yakovenko ◽  
Nadejda E. Petrenko ◽  
Evgeniy A. Cheremoushkin ◽  
Vladimir B. Dorokhov ◽  
Zarina B. Bakaeva ◽  
...  

The aim of the study is investigation of nighttime sleep effect on the performance of a cognitive setting in terms of the coupling of EEG rhythms. The coupling of 5 rhythm: beta-1, beta-2, gamma, alpha and theta rhythms of EEG during the formation and testing of cognitive set was studied for 120 students (17 with short-term night sleep and 15 with a full night sleep). Multi-channel EEG was recorded. EEG evaluation was carried out by continuous wavelet transform based on the “mother” complex Morlet wavelet in the range of 1–35 Hz. Maps of the distribution of the values of the modulus of the wavelet transformation coefficient, which reflect amplitude changes of the potentials were analyzed. The Pearson correlation coefficient was a measure evaluating the coupling of EEG rhythms. The subjects with a short night’s sleep showed almost all of the relations of EEG rhythms (8 couples) during the formation stage of presentation. Students with a full night’s sleep showed statistically significant coupling of the following pairs of rhythms: alpha–beta-1, alpha–gamma and beta-2–gamma. Students with short-term night sleep demonstrated the 3 significant couples: alpha–beta-1, beta-1–gamma and beta-2–gamma during the testing stage. Well-slept students showed an increase in the number of connections (6 couples) in relation to the stage of formation of the set due to the addition of connections with the theta rhythm. The obtained data could indicate that the thalamo-cortical and cortico-hippocampal structural-functional associations work differently in the groups of subjects.


MATEMATIKA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Rabiha Mahmoud ◽  
Amira Fadina Ahmad Fadzil ◽  
Nor Haniza Sarmin ◽  
Ahmad Erfanian

Let G be a dihedral group and its conjugacy class graph. The Laplacian energy of the graph, is defined as the sum of the absolute values of the difference between the Laplacian eigenvalues and the ratio of twice the edges number divided by the vertices number. In this research, the Laplacian matrices of the conjugacy class graph of some dihedral groups, generalized quaternion groups, quasidihedral groups and their eigenvalues are first computed. Then, the Laplacian energy of the graphs are determined.


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdussakir Abdussakir

Study on the energy of a graph becomes a topic of great interest. One is the detour energy which is the sum of the absolute values of all eigenvalue of the detour matrix of a graph. Graphs obtained from a group also became a study that attracted the attention of many researchers. This article discusses the subgroup graph for several normal subgroups of dihedral groups. The discussion focused on the detour energy of complement of subgroup graph of dihedral group


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