scholarly journals LEMBRAR PARA NÃO ESQUECER: ARTE E POLÍTICA NO SALÃO PRETO E BRANCO (1954) / Remember to not forget: art and politics in the Salão Preto e Branco (1954)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (40) ◽  
pp. 247-259
Author(s):  
Shannon Botelho
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Modern Art ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Art And Politics ◽  
Black And White

O III Salão Nacional de Arte Moderna (Salão Preto e Branco,1954) foi marcado pela força de seu ineditismo. Ao se contraporem ao programa varguista de sanções econômicas para a aquisição de matérias-primas, os artistas organizaram uma exposição inteiramente em preto e branco como forma de protesto. Este artigo busca resgatar os antecedentes deste Salão, destacar os enfrentamentos sociais e elucidar as permanências simbólicas logradas por ele para o sistema artístico no Brasil.Palavras-Chave: Salão Preto e Branco; Salões; Arte moderna; Arte e política.AbstractThe 3rd National Salon of Modern Art (Salão Preto e Branco, 1954) was marked by the strength of its originality. By opposing the Vargas’s program of economic sanctions for the acquisition of raw materials, the artists organized an exhibition entirely in black and white as a form of protest. This article seeks to rescue the background of this exhibition, highlighting its social confrontations and elucidating the symbolic permanencies for the artistic system in Brazil.Keywords: Salão Preto e Branco; Arts sallon; Modern art; Art and politics.

The effectiveness of use RUSMA additive in the rations of lactating cows

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
S. Sukhanova ◽  
N. Pozdnyakova ◽  
F. Yaroslavtsev
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Experimental Group

The results of researches on the development of new mineral feed additives based on raw materials produced by Uralchem and the study of the eff ectiveness of their use in the rations of lactating cows have been presented in the article. The experiment has been carried out in the conditions of LLC “PF Barabinskoe” in the Dalmatovsky area in the Kurgan region where 3 groups of lactating cows of Black-and-White breed have been formed. Animals in the control group have been received the ration adopted in the farm, the 1st experimental group with the additive RusMA No. 1 at a dose of 150 g, the 2nd experimental group– with the additive RusMA No. 2 at the dose of 350 g. The use of experimental mineral additives in feeding lactating cows allowed us to increase their milk productivity and profi tability of production. At the same time, the best eff ectiveness was shown by the additive RusMA No. 2 at the dose of 350 g/head/day. The use of RusMA additives during the experiment period (105 days) allowed to increase the milk productivity of cows in the 1st experimental group by 6,03 % and in the 2nd experimental group by 8,24 %. Taking into account the fat content in milk, this diff erence was 6,31 and 8,53 %, respectively. The energy value of milk from cows of the experimental groups was higher compared to the control group by 2,45 and 1,76 %, respectively. According to the content of dry matter in milk, cows of the 2nd experimental group exceeded the control and 1st experimental group by 0,39 and 0,12 abs.%, respectively. The maximum milk fat content has been observed in the milk of cows of the 1st experimental group by 0,03 and 0,01 abs.% more than in the control and 2nd experimental groups, respectively. In terms of protein content, the cows of the 2nd experimental group signifi cantly exceeded the control group by 0,10 abs.% and the 1st experimental by 0,04 abs.%. The content of milk sugar in the 2nd experimental group was higher than in the control by 0,30 abs.% and compared to the 1st experimental by 0,11 %. Signifi cantly more calcium and phosphorus were contained in the milk of cows of the 2nd experimental group by 4,58 % (Р ≤ 0,001) and 2,86 % (Р ≤ 0,05), compared with the control group. The expenditures of feed in the EFU for the production of 1 kg of milk in animals of the 2nd experimental group was less by 5,13 % than in control cows and by 2,63 % compared to the 1st experimental group. The prime cost of 1 centner of milk was lower in the 2nd experimental group by 3,94 %, in the 1st experimental group by 2,65 % compared to the control group. The level of profi tability of milk production in the 2nd experimental group was higher by 9,0 and 1,0 abs.% in comparison with the control and 1st experimental groups, respectively.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the prerequisites and priorities of import substitution at various stages of development of the Russian economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 366-372
Author(s):  
A. V. Litvinova ◽  
N. S. Talalaeva ◽  
M. V. Parfenova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Export Structure ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Long Time

Import substitution is an integral part of the strategy to improve the competitiveness of the national agri-food complex. It should be a stimulus that will accelerate the economy and will contribute to the formation of a self-replicating mechanism of economic growth. The study analyzed the development of import substitution during the introduction of economic sanctions by Western countries and the United States. The study showed that the need for import substitution was brewing for a long time, however, the sanctions served as the impetus for its acceleration. The introduction by the President of the Russian Federation of special economic measures did not contradict the existing legislation and was aimed at restricting the importation of many types of products from abroad for the development of domestic production. The commodity structure of domestic exports and imports was also analyzed: the export of hydrocarbons has been prevailing for many years, but over the past two years their share in the total export structure has decreased. Most of the country imports machinery, equipment, vehicles, food and agricultural products, chemical products. For most indicators, there is a negative trend, due to which domestic imports decreased over the period of the sanctions by more than 100 billion US dollars. Despite economic sanctions, the European Union remains the main trading partner of Russia. Over the past 25 years, Russia has been a passive participant in international trade and, despite its high potential in the development of agriculture, was perceived by the world community as a country focused on the export of raw materials and hydrocarbons to a foreign market, rather than on the development of its own production, including agricultural production.

scholarly journals The influence of plant biostimulators on dairy productivity of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
K. P. K. P. Silchenko ◽  
◽  
T. N. Ryzhkova ◽  
I. M. Heida ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Experimental Group

The article discusses the results of a study of the effect of the use of biostimulants Biosvet made by the Filatov method from plant materials of foreign origin, and Megasvet made by the same method from domestic plants on the productivity and quality indicators of milk of Ukrainian black-and-white cows. For the study 30 cows with a productivity of 5000 - 5500 kg of milk per lactation were selected, which were divided into three groups of 10 animals each. The cows of the control group (C-1) in order to prevent the effects of stress from injections were injected subcutaneously in the neck with a physical solution in an amount of 15 m. The cows of the first experimental group (E-1) were injected with the biological product Biosvet 15 ml each, and the cows of the second experimental group (E-2) received the biostimulator Megasvet developed by us in the same amount. Four periods were identified in accordance with the season: autumn, spring, summer and autumn, Injections were given at the beginning of each period, Milk productivity and quality indicators were determined every ten days. The experience lasted from September 2020 to August 2021. As a result of the study it was proved that the use of biostimulants made from raw materials of plant origin has a positive effect on both productivity and quality indicators of milk in cows of the Ukrainian dairy black-and-white breed. The results of the use of biostimulants prove the higher efficiency of the biological product Megasvet in comparison with the biological product Biosvet. The use of Megasvet provides an increase in the productivity of cows in comparison with the use of Biosvet in the range from 5.72 % to 7.02 %, depending on the period of the year. On average per year the daily productivity in the second experimental group of cows, where Megaslight was used made up 6.35%. It was higher than in the first experimental group, where Biosvet was used. The use of Megasvet was more effective than Biosvet and in determining the quality indicators of milk, namely: fat content the presence of milk fat and protein content in milk.

Influence of energy supply of diet of cows on dairy productivity and biochemical blood status

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
A. V. Golovin ◽  
◽  
R. A. Rykov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Experimental Group

In a research and production experiment carried out in the milk farm of «Klenovo-Chegodaevo» (Moscow) on two groups of holsteinized black-and-white cows with a milk yield of 7000 kg of milk per lactation, 20 heads each, it was found that an increase in the concentration of metabolic energy (CME) in the dry matter of the cows ration from 10,7 to 11,0 MJ/kg in the period from 21 to 120 days of lactation, due to the inclusion of protected fat in the diet of cows in the experimental group, in the amount of 300 g/head/day, produced on the basis of vegetable raw materials, contributed to an increase in milk yield of 4% fat and milk fat yield by 9,5% (p<0,05) for 120 days of lactation, while reducing feed costs for its production, expressed in CME by 5,4%. More intensive milking of cows in the experimental group in the new calving period had a positive effect on the tendency to increase milk yield of standard (4%) fat content and the yield of milk fat in general for 305 days of lactation by 7,4% (p>0,05), compared with control. Calculations of economic efficiency have shown that the use of fractionated fat in the amount of 300 g in the ration of high-yielding cows during the milking period from 10,7 to 11,0 MJ/kg can reduce the cost of 1 quintal of milk of base fat content (3,4%) produced by cows from the experimental group for the first 120 days of lactation by 43,6 rubles. or by 1.9% while receiving additional profit from its sale in comparison with the control in the amount of 3502,5 rubles. for 1 head. Biochemical studies of the blood of cows in the experimental groups, carried out on the 120th day of lactation, revealed a tendency for a more intense course of protein and lipid metabolism in the body of cows was revealed, who received a diet with an increased to 11,0 MJ/kg level of CME in dry matter of the diet, due to the use of protected vegetable fat in an amount of 300 g.

scholarly journals Dependence of the production process of rennet semi-solid cheeses on quality indicators of raw milk

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (92) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
N. V. Bolgova ◽  
S. O. Huba ◽  
Y. I. Sklyarenko ◽  
V. V. Tsyhura ◽  
M. M. Marchenko
Keyword(s):  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Black And White ◽  
North East ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Dairy Breed

The analysis of literature sources on the question of the relevance of the influence of raw milk and its casein fraction on the production of rennet cheeses is presented in the paper. The studies were conducted to determine the suitability of using milk for the production of rennet milk from raw materials of cows of Ukrainian brown dairy and Ukrainian black-rumped dairy breeds of the state enterprise “Research Institute of Agriculture of the North East of NAAS”. As a result of the studies on the cheesiness of milk samples from the two study groups, we can conclude that, compared to the literature data, the average milk values obtained from cows of Ukrainian brown dairy and Ukrainian black-and-white breeds are confirmed. While analyzing the technological parameters of milk, it should be noted that there is no significant difference between the samples. We should note only that the first sample is inferior to fat by 0.41. This ratio of fat to protein, in turn, affects the yield of the product and its consumption characteristics. The first sample the creation of casein was in 3.2 min. faster , phase of gelforming – for 0.3 min. faster and the clot processing was done requiring 3 min less time. The consumption of milk per 1 kg of cheese in the first sample was lower than 0.4 in the second. It should be noted that the curd grain obtained from the milk of cows of the Ukrainian black-ruby dairy breed had a softer structure, ie it contained more moisture than the grain from the milk of cows of the Ukrainian brown dairy breed. This subsequently affected the mass fraction of moisture in the finished product in the direction of increase and was reflected in the organoleptic evaluation. As a result of the evaluation, members of the tasting committee noted that the consistency, taste and smell of cheese made from milk of Ukrainian brown dairy breed were slightly better. The difference was not significant and was respectively 1 point. It should be noted that the mass fraction of fat in the first sample was 1.3% higher than in the second sample. In this case, we observe a decrease in the mass fraction of moisture in the first sample compared to the second by 1.8%. The difference in terms of mass fraction of salt was not significant and is 0.1%. Considering the results of the presented studies, it should be noted that both samples of cheese of semi-solid cows made of milk of Ukrainian brown dairy and Ukrainian black-and-white breeds meet the requirements of state standart 4669:2006 in terms of organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological parameters. However, the production of cheese from the milk of cows of Ukrainian brown dairy breed will reduce the loss of raw materials and produce cheese with better organoleptic characteristics.

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