scholarly journals Copyright – an Ally for Fashion in the Intellectual Property Rights System?

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
Marlena Jankowska
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Fashion Industry ◽  
Short History ◽  
Fashion Products ◽  
History Of

In the Internet society, we are accustomed to the originators of creative works asserting strong protection of their output. Similarly, we witness extremely casual appropriation of works that is easier than ever to discover. Fashion products are an interesting case in this regard – through the relatively short history of the industry, protection of works has tended to be quite loose. Until recently, the consequences of copying in the fashion sector were not particularly serious, but the emergence of the connected society and the increased speed and scale of this copying threaten to cause more noticeable damage. The awareness that new threats call for a more serious approach to protection of creations requires examination of how and whether the familiar principles of copyright law can be applied to fashion designs and products, and to what extent. This paper outlines the background to such protections in the fashion industry, including examples of both strong and relaxed approaches by industry players. There is a brief presentation of case law that demonstrates how copyright principles can be applied to fashion, while also noting the role of society in applying the norms that determine the extent to which laws, once written, can actually be applied.

scholarly journals Explaining the Meaning of ‘Grey Zones’ in Public International Law Based on the Example of the Conflict in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-93
Author(s):  
Marlena Jankowska
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Fashion Industry ◽  
Short History ◽  
Public International Law ◽  
Fashion Products ◽  
History Of

In the Internet society, we are accustomed to the originators of creative works asserting strong protection of their output. Similarly, we witness extremely casual appropriation of works that is easier than ever to discover. Fashion products are an interesting case in this regard – through the relatively short history of the industry, protection of works has tended to be quite loose. Until recently, the consequences of copying in the fashion sector were not particularly serious, but the emergence of the connected society and the increased speed and scale of this copying threaten to cause more noticeable damage. The awareness that new threats call for a more serious approach to protection of creations requires examination of how and whether the familiar principles of copyright law can be applied to fashion designs and products, and to what extent. This paper outlines the background to such protections in the fashion industry, including examples of both strong and relaxed approaches by industry players. There is a brief presentation of case law that demonstrates how copyright principles can be applied to fashion, while also noting the role of society in applying the norms that determine the extent to which laws, once written, can actually be applied.

scholarly journals The Resilience of Music Copyrights: Technological Innovation, Copyright Disputes and Legal Amendments Concerning the Distribution of Music

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-424
Author(s):  
Staffan Albinsson
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
File Sharing ◽  
Intellectual Property Right ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Short History ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Music Printing ◽  
History Of

The introduction of the Internet and the convenient, although often illicit, file-sharing of copyrighted artistic products which it made possible has put Intellectual Property Right/IPR laws under stress. It is not the first and possibly not the last time that this phenomenon has occurred in connection with a technological shift. This paper contains a short history of the fundamentals of the processes which led to the incorporation of new means of distribution of artistic products in the Intellectual Property Rights regulations. It starts with music printing technology in Venice around the year 1500. It takes a leap to the recording devices of four centuries later. Via the introduction of broadcast devices, it ends with the blank media levies. The paper describes the events in the countries that created the first legal documents for these four types of technological inventions. Arguments pro and con IPR law differ but stakeholder positions remain the same.

Prosody in Automatic Speech Processing

2020 ◽  
pp. 632-645
Author(s):  
Anton Batliner ◽  
Bernd Möbius
Keyword(s):  
Speech Processing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Short History ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Dialogue Acts ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of

Automatic speech processing (ASP) is understood as covering word recognition, the processing of higher linguistic components (syntax, semantics, and pragmatics), and the processing of computational paralinguistics (CP), which deals with speaker states and traits. This chapter attempts to track the role of prosody in ASP from the word level up to CP. A short history of the field from 1980 to 2020 distinguishes the early years (until 2000)—when the prosodic contribution to the modelling of linguistic phenomena, such as accents, boundaries, syntax, semantics, and dialogue acts, was the focus—from the later years, when the focus shifted to paralinguistics; prosody ceased to be visible. Different types of predictor variables are addressed, among them high-performance power features as well as leverage features, which can also be employed in teaching and therapy.

scholarly journals Personal networking function of the Internet

Sociologija ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalibor Petrovic
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Interpersonal Interaction ◽  
The Internet ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important Means ◽  
New Form ◽  
Networked Individualism

The aim of the paper is to understand the role of Internet in creating new forms of sociability in the modern society. In the first part the history of social studies of Internet is reviewed, and the conclusion put forward that the anti-social role of the Internet cannot be proved. In the theoretical part of the paper the author presents his idea of two basic roles of Internet as interpersonal interaction tool: transmissional and procreative. These two Internet functions are very important means for reproducing a new form of sociability known as networked individualism.

Arabic Literature Goes Digital

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-47
Author(s):  
Teresa Pepe
Keyword(s):  
Arab World ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Short History ◽  
Online Publishing ◽  
Internet Media ◽  
History Of ◽  
Publishing Houses

This chapter provides the historical context in which Egyptian blogs appeared. Drawing on ethnographic research on the Internet and in the Egyptian literary sphere, it shows that the introduction of Internet tools in the Arab world was soon accompanied by the emergence of numerous platforms for distributing and discussing Arabic literature, such as forums, literary websites, online publishing houses, the Internet Arab Writers Union, and so on. This atmosphere was conducive to the adoption of blogs as a platform for literary experimentation in Egypt. The chapter then focuses on blogging in the Arab world and in particular in Egypt, providing a short history of its development. It also addresses how Internet media have affected Arabic literature as a tool for publishing and distribution, as in the case of book-blogs.

YouTube's Importance and How the Internet Shapes the YouTube Experience

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Medium Theory ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Shared History ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Technological Concepts ◽  
History Of

YouTube is more than cute pet videos and aspiring musicians. Fully understanding YouTube and how it influences, reproduces, and changes our culture begins with accepting the role of media technologies inside and outside of YouTube. The history of the Internet and its core technologies provides one foundational proposition in this book. Two other propositions, regarding YouTube's reliance on Internet-based technology and historically relevant communication theories, specifically Cultural Studies and Medium Theory, are discussed, as well. In consideration of important historical and theoretical perspectives, YouTube is transformed in our minds from a simple user-generated content repository to a cultural change agent. The tools and technology associated with the Internet, richly integrated and manifest in YouTube, allow us to change the world around us. Understanding the function and design of Internet-specific technology and how we experience social networking can contextualize current trends and influences in our daily online experience. Essential to our understanding and ultimately our power over the technology that we create (in this case, YouTube) is informed through understanding the technologies presented as part of our shared history. Finally, grasping the technological concepts and terminology reveals a deeper perspective on our cultural and participatory experience with the Internet and YouTube far beyond cute pet videos.

Some Aspects of the Position of Aboriginal Women in Australian Society

1985 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-60
Author(s):  
M.A. Vazey
Keyword(s):  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Short History ◽  
Australian Society ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Aboriginal Women ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come

This paper includes a short history of Aboriginal women in Australia from about the turn of the century. This has been made possible by the writings of such women. Most non-Aboriginal women have been and are ignorant of this history. They need to understand this past in order to come to terms with it. Aboriginal women are also not aware of how misinformed non-Aboriginal women are of the role of Aboriginal women in their own society. An extensive dialogue is needed to develop the mutual understanding necessary for the construction of a peaceful and just post-colonial Australia.

scholarly journals Under Familiar Fire: Making Decisions during the “Kivu Crisis” 2008 in Goma, DR Congo

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Oldenburg
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
State Of Exception ◽  
Short History ◽  
Dr Congo ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Decision Making Processes

This paper explores the decision-making processes used by the inhabitants of Goma during the Kivu Crisis in October 2008. The paper's aim is twofold: After providing a short history of the October 2008 events, it seeks in the empirical part to distinguish and clarify the role of rumours and narratives in the setting of violent conflict as well as to analyse their impact on decision-making processes. As the epistemological interest lies more on the people who stay rather than those who flee, in the second part the paper argues that the practice of routinization indicates a conscious tactic whose purpose is to counter the non-declared state of exception in Goma. Routinization is defined as a means of establishing order in everyday life by referring to narratives based on lived experiences.

scholarly journals The meaning of intellectual property right in the fashion industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 155-172
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Guss
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Intellectual Property Right ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Fashion Industry ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Fast Pace

The fashion industry is characterized by a fast pace of changes and very dynamic development. Designers annually introduce several collections, each of them containing a few dozen silhouettes, which makes it extremely difficult to provide effective legal protection for their projects. In effect designs reminiscent of those presented on the catwalk appear, which currently, in the era of the Internet and social media, is happening quickly, often even before designer collections go on sale. Due to the lack of legal regulations created specifically for the fashion industry, this industry derives protection primarily from intellectual property rights. The article aims to present the significance of this branch of law for the fashion industry, as well as possible protection measures.

scholarly journals Implied Licences in Copyright Law

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poorna Mysoor
Keyword(s):  
State Intervention ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Copyright Owner ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Technological Environment ◽  
Competing Interests ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Judicial Reasoning

Implied licences can serve as a flexible and targeted mechanism to balance competing interests, including those of copyright owners and content users, especially in today’s dynamic technological environment. However, implication as a process is contentious and there are no established principles for implying copyright licences. The resulting uncertainty has led to incoherence, diminishing the value of implied licences in judicial reasoning. This book develops a methodical and transparent way of implying copyright licences, based on three sources: the consent of the copyright owner; an established custom; and state intervention to achieve policy goals. The frameworks proposed are customised separately for implying bare and contractual licences, where relevant. The book goes on to analyse the existing case law methodically in the light of these frameworks to demonstrate how the court’s reasoning can be made transparent. Underscoring the contemporary relevance of implied licences, the book tests and validates the methodology in relation to three essential and ubiquitous functions on the internet—browsing, hyperlinking, and indexing.

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