scholarly journals Simplified imitation model of fuel processor in composition of air-independent power plants

2020 ◽  
pp. 245-250
Author(s):  
А.В. Балакин ◽  
А.Н. Дядик ◽  
А.С. Кармазин ◽  
М.В. Ларионов ◽  
С.Н. Сурин
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Control Valve ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fuel Processor ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Hydrogen Supply ◽  
Mass Flow Rates ◽  
The Individual

В статье представлена упрощенная имитационная модель, описывающая работу топливного процессора в составе воздухонезависимой энергетической установки. Рассмотрено блочное моделирование отдельных составляющих ВНЭУ, в частности, высокотемпературного реактора, блока очистки газа от серы и сажи, первого и второго блоков конверсии, сепаратора и регулирующего клапана. Имитационные модели отдельных элементов ВНЭУ позволяют рассчитывать динамические характеристики энергоустановки и создавать алгоритмы управления клапанами подачи водорода в переходных режимах. Теоретические зависимости для определения массовых расходов реагентов, температур и давлений приведены для идеальных газов с целью представления в среде LabVIEW с учетом полученных экспериментальных данных для проведения расчета маневров по регулированию давления на заданных режимах работы ВНЭУ при различных условиях ее работы. The article presents a simplified simulation model that describes the operation of the fuel processor as part of an air-independent power plant. Block modeling of the individual components of an air-independent power plant, in particular, a high-temperature reactor, a unit for cleaning gas from sulfur and soot, the first and second conversion units, a separator, and a control valve, is considered. Simulation models of individual elements of an air-independent power plant allow you to calculate the dynamic characteristics of a power plant and create algorithms for controlling hydrogen supply valves in transient conditions. Theoretical dependencies for determining the mass flow rates of reagents, temperatures and pressures are given for ideal gases for the purpose of presentation in the LabVIEW environment, taking into account the obtained experimental data for the calculation of maneuvers for regulating pressure at specified operating modes of an air-independent power plant under various operating conditions. The results of the work are described extremely accurately and informatively. The main theoretical and experimental results, actual data, discovered relationships and regularities are presented.

scholarly journals Розробка програмного комплексу раціонального проектування систем охолодження на основі термопресорних технологій

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
Дмитро Вікторович Коновалов ◽  
Роман Миколайович Радченко ◽  
Галина Олександрівна Кобалава ◽  
Сергій Георгійович Фордуй ◽  
Віктор Павлович Халдобін
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Dynamic Compression ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Flow Path ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Electric Generator ◽  
Operating Modes

The most common way to increase power and reduce fuel consumption by modern power plants is contact cooling of a gas or air flow by water injection. A promising development of this direction is to use aerothermopressor technologies. The use of heat air, which is compressed by the power plant compressors, accelerates the flow to a speed close to the sound one and almost instantaneous evaporation of injected water (the effect of thermo-gas-dynamic compression). It is important to determine the rational parameters of the organization of thermophysical and hydrodynamic processes when developing such technologies. In this case, one should be taken into account the appropriate development of the flow path design and a special software product. It is necessary to use methods and means to determine the optimal operating parameters of the power plant heat recovery systems. This paper presents a block diagram and an algorithm of a rational methodology for designing an aerothermopressor, which makes it possible to accurately determine the efficiency of using an aerothermopressor as part of a power plant (based on a gas turbine engine) for cooling cycle air, considering the peculiarities of operating modes in the flow path, as well as under various climatic operating conditions. The algorithm of a rational methodology for designing aerothermopressor technologies allows calculating the characteristics of equipment, systems, and circuit design solutions when used as part of a power plant: an electric generator; heat-using refrigerating machines (ejector refrigerating machines, absorption refrigerating machines); turbine generator or steam generator as part of a trigeneration unit or as part of a turbo-compound unit (power plants of marine vessels); recovery boiler of one or two pressures. Modeling the aerothermopressor-cooling system operation makes it possible to reveal the effectiveness of using such a system as part of a power plant and compare it with traditional methods of cooling and humidifying cycle air.

scholarly journals Dynamic Blackout Probability Monitoring System for Cruise Ship Power Plants

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6598
Author(s):  
Victor Bolbot ◽  
Gerasimos Theotokatos ◽  
Rainer Hamann ◽  
George Psarros ◽  
Evangelos Boulougouris
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Dynamic Assessment ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cruise Ship ◽  
Integrated Monitoring ◽  
Fault Trees ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Plant Safety

Stringent environmental regulations and efforts to improve the shipping operations sustainability have resulted in designing and employing more complex configurations for the ship power plants systems and the implementation of digitalised functionalities. Due to these systems complexity, critical situations arising from the components and subsystem failures, which may lead to accidents, require timely detection and mitigation. This study aims at enhancing the safety of ship complex systems and their operation by developing the concept of an integrated monitoring safety system that employs existing safety models and data fusion from shipboard sensors. Detailed Fault Trees that model the blackout top event, representing the sailing modes of a cruise ship and the operating modes of its plant, are employed. Shipboard sensors’ measurements acquired by the cruise ship alarm and monitoring system are integrated with these Fault Trees to account for the acquired shipboard information on the investigated power plant configuration and its components operating conditions, thus, facilitating the estimation of the blackout probability time variation as well as the dynamic criticality assessment of the power plant components. The proposed concept is verified by using a virtual simulation environment developed in Matlab/Simulink. This study supports the dynamic assessment of the ship power plants and therefore benefits the decision-making for enhancing the plant safety during operations.

scholarly journals THE ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY OF THE MAIN ELECTRIC CONNECTION CIRCUITS OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-197
Author(s):  
M. A. Korotkevich ◽  
A. L. Starzhinskij
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Structural Reliability ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Electrical Connections

The reliability of the main circuit of electrical connections at a nuclear electric power plant that has two units with a capacity of 1,200 MW each has been determined. Reliability, economical, maneuverable properties of the atomic power plant under study are largely determined by its main circuit, so the choice of the circuit for the design and its status in the process of operation occur to be critical objectives. Main electrical connection circuits in nuclear electric power plants are selected on the basis of the schematic networks of the energy system and the land attached to the plant. The circuit of the connection of a nuclear power plant to the grid in the original normal operating modes at all stages of the construction of such a plant should provide the outcome of the full added capacity of a nuclear power plant and the preservation of its stability in the power system without the influence of the emergency system automatics when any outgoing transmission line is disabled. When selecting the main circuit the individual capacity of the installed units and their number are taken into account as well as the order of development of the plant and power supply system; the voltage on which the power of a plant is delivered; a shortcircuit current for switchgear high voltage and the need for their limitation by circuit means; the most power that can be lost when damage to any switch. A model of reliability of the main circuit of electrical connections is designed to detect all types of accidents that are possible at the coincidence of failures of elements with the repair and operational modes that differs in composition and damageability of the equipment, as well as under conditions of the development of accidents due to failure of operation of devices of relay protection and automation.

Experimental testing of open pit dump trucks in operating conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 530-542
Author(s):  
A. G. Zhuravlev ◽  
M. V. Isakov
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Dump Truck ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Complex Data ◽  
Special Unit ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Dump Trucks

The high importance of optimizing the operation of quarry transport is confirmed by the leading share of its costs in the total cost of mining. The current direction of optimization is the development and implementation of digital technologies for processing complex data on the parameters of transport vehicles. The solution of the above issues should be based on the results of scientific research on the collection and processing of information. Developed a set of techniques to perform experimental measurements of working parameters of mining dump trucks as part of a special unit experiments, and long monitoring measurements. A set of equipment for performing experimental measurements, as well as its installation on a dump truck is presented. The data of experimental measurements and a methodical approach to their analysis are presented. In particular, it shows the identification of operating modes of the power plant and the construction of the load diagram, the identification of elements of the transport cycle, etc. The approach to substantiation of innovative designs of power plants adapted to the conditions of a particular quarry is shown on the example of calculated schedules of energy consumption and reserve of recovery of braking energy. The proposed hardware-methodical complex is a research model for the development of methods for automated data collection and processing in the formation of elements of digital mining production.

Real-Time Thermodynamic Performance Monitoring and Optimum Thermoeconomic Operation of Power Plants

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hariharan ◽  
B. Kosanovic
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Recursive Least Squares ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Real Time Data ◽  
One Step ◽  
Inputs And Outputs

The ability of modern power plant data acquisition systems to provide a continuous real-time data feed can be exploited to carry out interesting research studies. In the first part of this study, real-time data from a power plant is used to carry out a comprehensive heat balance calculation. The calculation involves application of the first law of thermodynamics to each powerhouse component. Stoichiometric combustion principles are applied to calculate emissions from fossil fuel consuming components. Exergy analysis is carried out for all components by the combined application of the first and second laws of thermodynamics. In the second part of this study, techniques from the field of System Identification and Linear Programming are brought together in finding thermoeconomically optimum plant operating conditions one step ahead in time. This is done by first using autoregressive models to make short-term predictions of plant inputs and outputs. Then, parameter estimation using recursive least squares is used to determine the relations between the predicted inputs and outputs. The estimated parameters are used in setting up a linear programming problem which is solved using the simplex method. The end result is knowledge of thermoeconomically optimum plant inputs and outputs one step ahead in time.

Principles of Imitation for the Loading of the Test Bench for Gas Turbines of Gas Pumping Units, Adequate to Real Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13678
Author(s):  
Anton Petrochenkov ◽  
Aleksandr Romodin ◽  
Vladimir Kazantsev ◽  
Aleksey Sal’nikov ◽  
Sergey Bochkarev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Model Free ◽  
Gas Pumping ◽  
Pumping Units

The purpose of the study is to analyze the prospects for the development of loading methods for gas turbines as well as to develop a mathematical model that adequately describes the real operating conditions of the loading system at various loads and rotation speeds. A comparative analysis of the most common methods and technical means of loading the shafts of a free turbine at gas turbine plants intended for operation as part of gas pumping units is presented. Based on the results of the analysis, the expediency of using the loading model “Free Power Turbine Rotor–Hydraulic Brake” as a load simulation is shown. Recommendations for the creation of an automation system for the load testing of power plants have been developed. Mathematical models and Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation models of power plants have been developed and tested. One of the most important factors that predetermine the effectiveness of the loading principle is the possibility of software implementation of the loading means using software control systems that provide the specified loading parameters of the gas turbine.

300 MW Combined-Cycle Plant With Integrated Coal Gasification

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf H. Kehlhofer
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant ◽  
The Individual

In the past 15 years the combined-cycle (gas/steam turbine) power plant has come into its own in the power generation market. Today, approximately 30 000 MW of power are already installed or being built as combined-cycle units. Combined-cycle plants are therefore a proven technology, showing not only impressive thermal efficiency ratings of up to 50 percent in theory, but also proving them in practice and everyday operation (1) (2). Combined-cycle installations can be used for many purposes. They range from power plants for power generation only, to cogeneration plants for district heating or combined cycles with maximum additional firing (3). The main obstacle to further expansion of the combined cycle principle is its lack of fuel flexibility. To this day, gas turbines are still limited to gaseous or liquid fuels. This paper shows a viable way to add a cheap solid fuel, coal, to the list. The plant system in question is a 2 × 150 MW combined-cycle plant of BBC Brown Boveri with integrated coal gasification plant of British Gas/Lurgi. The main point of interest is that all the individual components of the power plant described in this paper have proven their worth commercially. It is therefore not a pilot plant but a viable commercial proposition.

Turbo Gas Power Plants Performance Evaluation for Putting Into Commercial Operation

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Rosado Tamariz ◽  
Norberto Pe´rez Rodri´guez ◽  
Rafael Garci´a Illescas
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Requirements Specifications ◽  
Commercial Operation ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Operational Tests

In order to evaluate the performance of new turbo gas power plants for putting in commercial operation, it was necessary to supervise, test and, if so the case, to approve the works of commissioning, operational and acceptance of all equipments and systems that constitute the power plant. All this was done with the aim of guaranteeing the satisfactory operation of these elements to accomplish the function for which they were developed. These activities were conducted at the request of the customer to confirm and observe that the evidence of the tests was carried out according to the specifications and international regulations. The putting into commercial operation activities were done in collaboration with the supplier and manufacturer of equipment, the client and the institution responsible for certification and approval of the plant. All this in a logical and chronological order for the sequence of commissioning tests, operation and acceptance. Commissioning tests were carried out on-site at normal operating conditions, according to the design and operation needs of each power plant of a group of 14. Once the commissioning tests were completely executed and in a satisfactory manner, operational tests of the plants were developed. This was done by considering that they must operate reliable, stable, safe and automatically, satisfying at least, one hundred hours of continuous operation at full load. After evaluating the operational capacity of the machine, it was necessary to determinate the quality of the plant by carrying out a performance test. Finally, it was verified if every unit fulfills the technical requirements established in terms of heat capacity of the machine, noise levels and emissions. As a result of this process, it is guaranteed to the customer that the turbo gas power plants, their systems and equipments, satisfy the requirements, specifications and conditions in agreement with the supplier and manufacturers referring to the putting into commercial operation of the plant.

Power Augmentation Technologies for Gas Turbines: Alternatives for an Existing Simple Cycle Power Plant in Peru

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Celis ◽  
Sergio Peralta ◽  
Walter Galarza
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Simple Cycle ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Augmentation Techniques ◽  
Type Power

Abstract The influence of different power augmentation techniques used in gas turbines on the performance of simple cycle type power plants is assessed in this work. A computational model and tool realistically describing the performance of a typical simple cycle type power plant at design and off-design point conditions is initially developed. This tool is complemented with different models of power augmentation technologies. Finally, the whole model including both power plant and power augmentation techniques is used to analyze a case study involving a particular power plant in Peru. The results from the simulations of the specific power plant indicate that power output can be increased through all the evaluated power augmentation technologies. These results show indeed that technologies based on absorption refrigeration systems produce the largest gains in terms of power output (7.1%) and thermal efficiency (0.7%). Such results confirm the suitability of these systems for simple cycle type power plant configurations operating under hot and humid operating conditions as those accounted for here. From an economic perspective, considering the net present value as the key parameter defining the feasibility of a project in this category, power augmentation techniques based on absorption cooling systems result also the most suitable ones for the studied power plant. Power augmentation techniques environmental implications are also quantified in terms of CO2 emissions.

Thermal Analysis Technique for Coolers Operating in Off and Low Load Conditions

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Muldoon
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Control Valve ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Inlet Valve ◽  
Plant Personnel ◽  
Load Conditions

The most conservatively designed power plant heat exchangers are designed to meet a maximum heat load with minimum fluid temperature differences. When the input temperatures are less than design maximums, the cooler will usually be in a position of over performance. This relationship is especially true when the heat exchanger is a closed Component Cooling Water (CCW) heat exchanger with inlet fluid at ambient conditions. Maintaining a consistent cooling temperature is an important concern in the operation of a power plant. It is important that the cooling needs of the equipment such as the hydrogen coolers are maintained at a set temperature. Overcooling may not be of benefit to the equipment. The component which cools the service water with the local cooling water is a component cooling water heat exchanger (CCW). The two primary methods of controlling the heat rejection performance on these vessels is to throttling the tubeside flow to get a consistent shell outlet temperature with control valves or leave the tubeside flow constant and by-pass a portion of the shellside flow. Estimating the performance of the heat exchanger with given set of inlet conditions and a fixed design point can be accomplished using a the Number Transfer Units (NTU) method. Opening and closing the control valve is based on the estimated performance. This analysis can be used by power plant personnel to gauge the operation of these vessels over varying operating conditions. The analysis can also include the effect of different values of cleanliness and the extent of throttling. As a unit experiences fouling, additional flow is required to meet the thermal requirements. Depending upon the extent of fouling, the inlet valve will be either opened or closed. Plant personnel may observe the cooling water inlet temperature and the extent to which the inlet valve is open, and use that information to determine possible fouling and setup a maintenance schedule. The following analytical approach for evaluating low, critical, or off load conditions is important in the design and operation of these types of power plant heat exchangers, piping and control valve systems.

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