scholarly journals When to count? Indices of population size for mountain hares of the north-west Lammermuir Hills, Scotland

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.W. Pettigrew
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Red Grouse ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
North West ◽  
The North

Surveys with binoculars at two different times of day and in various months of the year, along with camera trap studies of diel activity patterns, were used to inform an appropriate period to count mountain hares ( Lepus timidus) on managed red grouse (Lagopus lagopus ) moorland of the Lammermuir Hills, south-east Scotland. Factors affecting the numbers of hares counted were time relative to sunrise, the presence of winter coat colour and reproductive behaviour in spring. Counts of hares in March and April starting one hour before dawn were used as an index of population size of the mountain hare over three years of observations on three hill-tops, with densities of 23-33 hares km-2. The number of hares seen was stable or rose slightly over the three years despite a partial cull on one of the hills. In support of suitability of the timing of surveys used, camera trap studies revealed that the period around dawn in March and April was associated with high levels of hare activity.

scholarly journals Diel activity pattern of meso-carnivores in the suburban tropical dry evergreen forest of the Coromandel Coast, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 13960-13966
Author(s):  
Kangaraj Muthamizh Selvan ◽  
Bawa Mothilal Krishnakumar ◽  
Pasiyappazham Ramasamy ◽  
Thangadurai Thinesh
Keyword(s):  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Breeding Ecology ◽  
Canis Aureus ◽  
Diel Activity Pattern ◽  
Diel Activity Patterns ◽  
Felis Chaus

Sympatric and similar body-sized species exhibit interspecific competition for resources.  The present study investigated diel activity of five meso-carnivore species (Canis aureus, Felis chaus, Paradoxurus hermaphroditus, Viverricula indica, and Herpestes edwardsii) in a human-dominated region of Auroville and around Pondicherry University using camera-trap survey data.  Diel activity pattern and overlap were estimated using the kernel density method.  The Jungle Cat Felis chaus and the Golden Jackal Canis aureus exhibited cathemeral diel activity with a high overlap between them (Δ̂1 = 0.78).  The Indian Grey Mongoose Herpestes edwardsii displayed a diurnal activity pattern and had low overlap with the Small Indian Civet Viverricula indica (Δ̂1 = 0.34).  Moderate overlap was found between the Small Indian Civet and the Palm Civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus (Δ̂1 = 0.32).  Therefore, diel activity patterns of mesocarnivores indicate inter- and intra-specific trade-off competition avoidance resulting in successful foraging.  The present camera-trap survey has provided insights into diel activity patterns and more attention is required to be paid to the study of feeding and breeding ecology of these species in human-dominated landscapes. 

scholarly journals Factors Affecting e-Government Adoption by Dairy Farmers: A Case Study in the North-West of Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Alba Vázquez-López ◽  
Manuel Marey-Perez
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
North West ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The North ◽  
The Government

With the objective of assessing the farmers’ situation regarding the use of the ICT and their relations with the electronic government, a case study consisting in the realization of 34 face-to-face surveys was conducted between February and March 2020 in dairy farms in the region of Galicia (Spain). The sample was selected according to one of the most important online journals in the farming sector at a national level. From the census, we chose those farms considered most representative taking into account the main criteria: the level of PAC (Common Agrarian Politics) subsidies and milk production (litres/cow and year). The results show that the majority of the farmers used the internet, but on many an occasion, they were discontented in relation to the poor connection quality in their farms. In regard to the use of the electronic government for procedures related to their farms, many of them were able to perform them through the government website; however, there were procedures which the users defined as “complex” and which had to be outsourced to authorised entities. The results also show that the farmers do want to employ the e-government, mainly because of the time and cost saving; however, the current web pages do not meet the users’ expectations. Finally, this situation, applied to a region placed among the 10 most productive regions of milk, is comparable to what happens in other regions.

scholarly journals Motivational factors affecting informal women entrepreneurs in North-West Province

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanchen Henning ◽  
Kabira Akoob
Keyword(s):  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Motivational Factors ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
North West ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
The North ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
The Government

Background: Informal women entrepreneurs in the rural villages of North-West strive to progress from poverty to prosperity. There is a growing appreciation that the conditions that support women’s ability to start and grow ventures may be different from those that help men and therefore there is a need to examine the motivational factors affecting women’s enterprise development.Aim: The study aimed to identify the motivational factors of women in the Mahikeng area to start informal enterprises, the barriers they experience and their developmental business needs.Setting: The study focussed on informal women entrepreneurs in the rural villages of Mahikeng in the North-West province.Methods: In total, 80 face-to-face questionnaires were completed with women entrepreneurs. A principal component analysis of 15 items of the total questionnaire was performed on the data to determine which items could be reduced and transformed into new components.Results: ‘Destitute conditions’, ‘Entrepreneurial Spirit’ and ‘Passion for Product’ emerged as the three underlying motivational factors. The component ‘Destitute conditions’ was ranked as the most important reason for starting an informal business. The need to transcend impoverished conditions (a push factor) and the need for self-determination (a pull factor) were almost equally strong amongst the 80 participants. ‘Lack of financial and business skills’ was ranked as the biggest obstacle to keeping the business running. Ninety-one per cent of the women entrepreneurs reported that they had never received any training from the government or the private sector.Conclusions: Access to basic infrastructure, training, funding and business networks will enable self-efficacy behaviour of women entrepreneurs in the Mahikeng district to move beyond poverty. Recommendations included the establishment of a regional database of informal women entrepreneurs, the improvement of basic facilities and infrastructure and access to microloans as well as training by the formal sector.

scholarly journals The conservation status of the yellow-footed rock-wallaby in Queensland

Oryx ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Gordon ◽  
Peter McRae ◽  
Leong Lim ◽  
Darryl Reimer ◽  
Gary Porter
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Property Development ◽  
North West ◽  
Regular Monitoring ◽  
The North

A survey of the distribution of the yellow-footed rock-wallaby Petrogale xanthopus was carried out in Queensland from 1984 to 1987. The species was found at 44 sites to the north and north-west of Adavale in south-western Queensland, mainly in the rugged country along the edges of low sandstone tablelands and hills. The size of the rock-wallaby population could not be estimated with accuracy, but is considered to be of the order of 5000–10,000 animals. The species is vulnerable because of property development in the area and possibly because of competition from other herbivores. The authors recommend regular monitoring of the population size.

scholarly journals New monitoring confirms regular breeding of the Mediterranean monk seal in Northern Cyprus

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Damla Beton ◽  
Annette C. Broderick ◽  
Brendan J. Godley ◽  
Emre Kolaç ◽  
Meltem Ok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
North West ◽  
Resting Sites ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Cyprus ◽  
Southern Cyprus

Abstract The Endangered Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus is one of the most threatened marine mammals. Across Cyprus, suitable habitat and presence of monk seals is well documented and, recently, camera-trap surveys in Southern Cyprus found there to be pupping. We present results of the first camera-trap surveys in Northern Cyprus spanning the pupping period. Four adult/subadults and three pups were identified in three of eight caves monitored with camera traps. One site on the north-west of the island supported at least three adult/subadult seals and pupping occurred there in 3 consecutive years. The breeding and resting sites identified require urgent conservation to manage threats of disturbance, coastal development and fisheries bycatch. To determine the size of this population, a long-term survey with greater and more continuous coverage is required.

scholarly journals GIS-based DRASTIC and composite DRASTIC indices for assessing groundwater vulnerability in the Baghin aquifer, Kerman, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2351-2363
Author(s):  
Mohammad Malakootian ◽  
Majid Nozari
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Vadose Zone ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Aquifer Vulnerability ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Soil Media ◽  
Sensibility Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The present study estimates the Kerman–Baghin aquifer vulnerability using DRASTIC and composite DRASTIC (CDRASTIC) indices with the aid of geographic information system (GIS) techniques. Factors affecting the transfer of contamination, including water table depth, soil media, aquifer media, the impact of the vadose zone, topography, hydraulic conductivity, and land use, were used to calculate the DRASTIC and CDRASTIC indices. A sensitivity test was also performed to determine the sensitivity of the parameters. Results showed that the topographic layer displays a gentle slope in the aquifer. Most of the aquifer was covered with irrigated field crops and grassland with a moderate vegetation cover. In addition, the aquifer vulnerability maps indicated very similar results, identifying the north-west parts of the aquifer as areas with high to very high vulnerability. The map removal sensibility analysis (MRSA) revealed the impact of the vadose zone (in the DRASTIC index) and hydraulic conductivity (in the CDRASTIC index) as the most important parameters in vulnerability evaluation. In both indices, the single-parameter sensibility analysis (SPSA) demonstrated net recharge as the most effective factor in vulnerability estimation. According to the results, parts of the studied aquifer have a high vulnerability and require protective measures.

The degradation of archaeological bronzes underground: evidence from museum collections

Antiquity ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (300) ◽  
pp. 380-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Ullén ◽  
Anders G. Nord ◽  
Monica Fjaestad ◽  
Einar Mattsson ◽  
Gunnar Ch. Borg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Interdisciplinary Project ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
Burial Rite

This interdisciplinary project, initiated by the National Heritage Board in Sweden, was undertaken to determine the environmental factors affecting the deterioration of archaeological bronzes in Scandinavia – while they still lie underground. The possible influence of soil acidification was obviously of special interest. The method was to examine 3200 prehistoric bronze artefacts from different museum collections in Sweden and Norway and compare the condition of specimens dug up in different areas at different times. The results showed that the condition of excavated bronzes had greatly deteriorated during the last 50–60 years, particularly along the North West Coast of Sweden, where the soil is very sensitive to pollutants. The archaeological context, e.g. the burial rite, was also among the factors influencing the preservation of the artefacts.

Euphausiid assemblages of the oceanographically complex north-west marine bioregion of Australia

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia L. Sutton ◽  
Lynnath E. Beckley
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
New Records ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Tropical Biodiversity

The north-west marine bioregion of Australia, which includes the waters adjacent to the Kimberley and Ningaloo coasts, is influenced by both the Indian and Pacific oceans and has high tropical biodiversity, some of which is conserved in a suite of Marine Protected Areas. In the present study, the epipelagic euphausiid assemblages of this bioregion were investigated and related to the physical and biogeochemical properties of the water column, as well as food availability. Twenty-five euphausiid species were identified, including three new records for Australian waters. Pseudeuphausia latifrons was the most abundant species, dominating the shelf waters across both study areas. Stylocheiron carinatum replaced P. latifrons in the deeper waters where species richness was greater. Off Ningaloo, there were higher concentrations of euphausiids, and this may be linked to the bathymetry, the narrowness of the shelf and the resultant effects of these features on oceanography and biogeochemistry. Assemblages were primarily structured by depth, but mean seawater density, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence and mesozooplankton abundance also significantly explained some of the variation in euphausiid assemblages. The present study has confirmed that the physical and biogeochemical properties of the water column and food availability are recurrent factors affecting euphausiid assemblage variation in the eastern Indian Ocean.

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