scholarly journals Overview of virus and cancer relationships. Position paper

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Bouza ◽  
◽  
Miguel Martín Jiménez ◽  
Laia Alemany ◽  
Joaquín Arribas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Oncolytic Viruses ◽  
Cervical Carcinomas ◽  
Oncology Research ◽  
Tumor Viruses ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Work Done ◽  
The Relationship

The role of certain viruses in the etiology of some tumors is today indisputable, but there is a lack, however, of annoverview of the relationship between viruses and cancer with amultidisciplinary approach. For this reason, the Health Sciences Foundation has convened a group of professionals from different areas of knowledge to discuss the relationship between viruses and cancer, and the present document is the result of these deliberations. Although viruses cause only 10-15% of cancers, advances in oncology research are largely due to the work done during the last century on tumor viruses. The clearest cancer-inducing viruses are: HPV, HBV, HCV, EBV and, depending on the geographical area, HHV-8, HTLV-1 and HIV. HPVs, for example, are considered to be the causative agents of cervical carcinomas and, more recently, of a proportion of other cancers. Among the Herpes viruses, the association with the development of neoplasms is well established for EBV and HHV-8. Viruses can also be therapeutic agents in certain neoplasms and, thus, some oncolytic viruses with selective tropism for tumor cells have been approved for clinical use in humans. It is estimated that the prophylaxis or treatment of viral infections could prevent at least 1.5 million cancer deaths per year.

scholarly journals The role of viruses in the cancerogenesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-155
Author(s):  
Michał Chojnicki ◽  
Mariola Pawlaczyk ◽  
Celina Helak-Łapaj ◽  
Jakub Żurawski ◽  
Krzysztof Wiktorowicz
Keyword(s):  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Oncolytic Viruses ◽  
Antitumor Therapy ◽  
T Lymphotropic Virus ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Tumor Viruses ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr

It is estimated that seven key viruses such as Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), Human papilloma viruses (HPV), Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes-virus (KSHV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV), are responsible for about 11% of cancers all over the world. Viruses however are not only associated with cancerogenesis process. Scientific researches from recent years emphasize the possible use of the microorganisms as antitumor therapy. Oncoviruses, also defined as tumor viruses cause cancers whereas oncolytic viruses infect the host’s cancer cells leading to destruction of tumor and due to that they are described as cancer killing viruses. It offers the potential application of viral infections to the cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Dengue Virus and the Relationship with MicroRNAs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Casseb ◽  
Karla de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Denv Serotypes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Infection Processes ◽  
The Relationship

Dengue is an acute febrile disease caused by a virus of the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae, endemic in tropical regions of the globe. The agent is a virus with single-stranded RNA, classified into four distinct dengue virus (DENV) serotypes: DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4. The host’s innate and adaptive immune responses play an essential role in determining the natural history of viral infections, especially in dengue. In this context, it has observed in recent years that the presence of RNA interference (RNAi) in viral infection processes is increasing, as well as immune defense. The context microRNAs (miRNAs) go for stood out, as their presence during viral infection, both in the replication of the virus and in the defense against these infections, becomes increasingly noticeable, therefore, making it increasingly necessary to better understand the role of these small RNAs within viral infection by DENV and what their consequences are in aggravating the consequences of patients affected by this disease.

Offshore Secrecy Centers and the Necessary Role of States: Bucking the Trend

1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Maingot
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Dirty Hands ◽  
Public Office ◽  
Legal Definition ◽  
Inductive Theory ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Work Done ◽  
The Relationship

Despite the growing interest in the theme of corruption, one cannot yet speak of a body of research and analysis sufficient to the creation of inductive theory. This is not to say that there has not been interesting empirical and theoretical work done. However, most of this work has dealt with variations to the legal definition of corruption as being the illegal use of public office for private gain or, as V. O. Key, Jr. put it, the uninstitutionalized influence of wealth in a political system. The relationship between “power” and corruption has been a subject of analytical speculation since Plato posed, and Machiavelli revived, the “dirty hands” dilemma.

scholarly journals Towards a unified model for positive states, mindfulness and wellbeing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Bloomfield
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Unified Model ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Neuronal Mechanisms ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Relationship

<p>A unified model of positive emotional expression, based on existing research, is presented. The proposed model is broader in scope, than a purely cognitive model (see Fig. 1); incorporating pro-social states can be induced directly through adaptive perceptual processes such as mirror-neuronal mechanisms, but whereby state expressions are modulated by adaptive <i>fundamental cognitive evaluations</i> (FCEs). It is proposed that these FCEs work in cohort to elicit emotional experience and prime the expressional potentiality of related affective states that share FCE dimensions. So that an individual experiencing kindness would be more likely to be disposed to feeling compassion or muditā (vicarious joy) - enabling appropriate onward social interaction.</p> <p>It is proposed that the activation of FCEs are modulated by socio-cultural schema, including attitudinal scripts shared within a culture and reflected in heterogeneous trait patterns by cultural/geographical area. The role of mindful decentring from such schema, and the onward effect on FCE expression, is explored; specifically, in relation to states associated with Self-Determination Theory’s (SDT) motivational areas of competency, autonomy and relatedness. </p> <p>A speculative model exploring the relationship between SDT, positive states; key aspect of mindfulness and HEXACO traits is presented as a spur for future discussion and study (see Fig. 2).</p>

scholarly journals Triple Helix Synergy for Development and Enhancing Competitiveness of SMEs

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-327
Author(s):  
Herdiana Dyah Susanti ◽  
Dian Arief Pradana ◽  
Robit Nurul Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Triple Helix ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Innovative Model ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Enterprise Collaboration ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Work Done ◽  
The Relationship

Micro, small, and medium enterprises (SMEs) is the work done by individuals in the form of economic enterprises that meet the criteria of SMEs as set out in(Act No. 20 of 2008, 2008)about SMEs. The human factor is the most important factor in the development of SMEs to improve product quality and improve the welfare of the community. The triple helix is an innovative model of students, researchers, and policymakers to improve the university's role in improving the economic and social development, improve the role of governments to develop innovation, enhance enterprise collaboration with governments and universities to boost innovation. This study aims to (1) show the relationship triple helix in the development of the competitiveness of SMEs. (2) The effectiveness of the application of triple helix in the development of the competitiveness of SMEs. This study is quasi experimental research with pretest-posttest results of the application of triple helix on SMEs in Banyuwangi.

scholarly journals The Relationship of the Mechanisms of the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis and the Expression of Endogenous Retroviruses

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Vera R. Lezhnyova ◽  
Ekaterina V. Martynova ◽  
Timur I. Khaiboullin ◽  
Richard A. Urbanowicz ◽  
Svetlana F. Khaiboullina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Human Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Two human endogenous retroviruses of the HERV-W family can act as cofactors triggering multiple sclerosis (MS): MS-associated retrovirus (MSRV) and ERVWE1. Endogenous retroviral elements are believed to have integrated in our ancestors’ DNA millions of years ago. Their involvement in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including neurodegenerative pathologies, has been demonstrated. Numerous studies have shown a correlation between the deterioration of patients’ health and increased expression of endogenous retroviruses. The exact causes and mechanisms of endogenous retroviruses activation remains unknown, which hampers development of therapeutics. In this review, we will summarize the main characteristics of human endogenous W retroviruses and describe the putative mechanisms of activation, including epigenetic mechanisms, humoral factors as well as the role of the exogenous viral infections.

Exploring the mediating role of intellectual capital and competitive advantage on the relation between CSR and financial performance in SMEs

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Jain ◽  
Vishal Vyas ◽  
Ankur Roy
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and financial performance (FP) is a much-researched topic in academic arena. Recent studies disclosed that intellectual capital (IC) significantly impacts the success and survival of organizations. Moreover, theoretical assertions confirm that competitive advantage (CA) mediates the association between IC and FP. This has opened up new dimensions for the study. Therefore, this study aims to develop a theoretical model, first, to specify these relations and, second, to explore the mediating role of IC and CA on the relation between CSR and FP in the context of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Design/methodology/approach Hypotheses are tested through a survey conducted on 384 SMEs in Rajasthan state. A structured questionnaire having 38 variables was used, and collected data are subjected to confirmatory factor analysis. Structural equation modeling was used to validate the measurement model and to test the mediating effect. Findings The findings indicate a weak positive relation between CSR and FP. The empirical data provide supportive evidence that IC has a profound impact on CSR and FP relationship. Specifically, it was noticed that the mediating role of CA on this relationship was not as reflective as described in the literature. Research limitations/implications The limitation of this study is that it is limited to one country, more specific to one geographical area of a country; therefore, findings of the study cannot be generalized in terms of its implications to other regions and countries. Originality/value Very few empirical studies have analyzed the mediating role of IC and CA on the relationship between CSR and FP. This study is expected to enable scholars and practitioners to have a more definite and direct understanding of the implication of IC and CA in association between CSR and FP.

scholarly journals Unraveling the Relationship of Asthma and COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1374
Author(s):  
Agamemnon Bakakos ◽  
Petros Bakakos ◽  
Nikoletta Rovina
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Asthma Severity ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Asthma Exacerbations ◽  
Inflammatory Phenotypes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Viral infections are one of the main causes of asthma exacerbations. During the COVID-19 era, concerns regarding the relationship of SARS-CoV2 with asthma have been raised. The concerns are both for COVID severity and asthma exacerbations. Many studies on COVID-19 epidemiology and comorbidities have assessed whether asthma represents a risk factor for SARS-CoV2 infection and/or more severe course of the disease. This review covers the current evidence on the prevalence of asthma in COVID-19 and its association with susceptibility to and severity of SARS-CoV2 infection. It will examine the possible role of underlying asthma severity in COVID-19 related outcomes as well as the molecular mechanisms involved in the co-existence of these entities. The possible role of asthma inflammatory phenotypes will also be evaluated. Finally, the impact of asthma comorbidities and the implications of asthma medication on COVID-19 will be addressed.

scholarly journals Gamma Delta T Cells and Their Involvement in COVID-19 Virus Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg von Massow ◽  
Steve Oh ◽  
Alan Lam ◽  
Kenth Gustafsson
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cell Subset ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
The Relationship

The global outbreak of the SARS-Cov-2 virus in 2020 has killed millions of people worldwide and forced large parts of the world into lockdowns. While multiple vaccine programs are starting to immunize the global population, there is no direct cure for COVID-19, the disease caused by the SARS-Cov-2 infection. A common symptom in patients is a decrease in T cells, called lymphopenia. It is as of yet unclear what the exact role of T cells are in the immune response to COVID-19. The research so far has mainly focused on the involvement of classical αβ T cells. However, another subset of T cells called γδ T cells could have an important role to play. As part of the innate immune system, γδ T cells respond to inflammation and stressed or infected cells. The γδ T cell subset appears to be particularly affected by lymphopenia in COVID-19 patients and commonly express activation and exhaustion markers. Particularly in children, this subset of T cells seems to be most affected. This is interesting and relevant because γδ T cells are more prominent and active in early life. Their specific involvement in this group of patients could indicate a significant role for γδ T cells in this disease. Furthermore, they seem to be involved in other viral infections and were able to kill SARS infected cells in vitro. γδ T cells can take up, process and present antigens from microbes and human cells. As e.g. tumour-associated antigens are presented by MHC on γδ T cells to classical T-cells, we argue here that it stands to reason that also viral antigens, such as SARS-Cov-2-derived peptides, can be presented in the same way. γδ T cells are already used for medical purposes in oncology and have potential in cancer therapy. As γδ T cells are not necessarily able to distinguish between a transformed and a virally infected cell it could therefore be of great interest to investigate further the relationship between COVID-19 and γδ T cells.

Physiology of Nucleoside Transporters: Back to the Future. . . .

Physiology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer B. Rose ◽  
Imogen R. Coe
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Nucleoside Transporters ◽  
Integral Membrane Proteins ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

Nucleoside transporters (NTs) are integral membrane proteins responsible for mediating and facilitating the flux of nucleosides and nucleobases across cellular membranes. NTs are also responsible for the uptake of nucleoside analog drugs used in the treatment of cancer and viral infections, and they are the target of certain compounds used in the treatment of some types of cardiovascular disease. The important role of NTs as drug transporters and therapeutic targets has necessarily led to intense interest into their structure and function and the relationship between these proteins and drug efficacy. In contrast, we still know relatively little about the fundamental physiology of NTs. In this review, we discuss various aspects of the physiology of NTs in mammalian systems, particularly noting tissues and cells where there has been little recent research. Our central thesis is reference back to some of the older literature, combined with current findings, will provide direction for future research into NT physiology that will lead to a fuller understanding of the role of these intriguing proteins in the everyday lives of cells, tissues, organs, and whole animals.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document