scholarly journals Hemophagocytic syndrome in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus: A study of 15 consecutive patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-257
Author(s):  
Laura Suárez-Hormiga ◽  
María-Nieves Jaén-Sánchez ◽  
Edwin-Andrés Verdugo-Espinosa ◽  
Cristina Carranza-Rodríguez ◽  
Pilar-Michele Hernández-Cabrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hemophagocytic Syndrome ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Mycobacterium Chelonae ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Respiratory Signs And Symptoms

Objectives. Hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) is characterized by various clinical and biological data derived from cytokine hyperproduction and cell proliferation. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the epidemiological, etiological, clinical and evolutionary characteristics of patients diagnosed with hemophagocytic syndrome and HIV infection, as well as their comparison with data from the literature. Methods. A retrospective descriptive observational study was performed, including all adult patients with a diagnosis of HPS and HIV infection treated in the Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Unit of the Hospital Universitario Insular, Las Palmas, Gran Canaria from June 1, 1998 to December 31, 2018. Results. An analysis of this series of case reports of 15 patients showed a higher percentage of males than females, with a mean age of 42 years. With respect to the diagnostic criteria for HPS, presence of fever, cytopenias and hyperferritinemia were a constant in all patients. Clinical neurological manifestations were frequent and clinical respiratory signs and symptoms absent. HPS was confirmed in some patients who were not severely immune-depressed and had undetectable viral loads. Furthermore, 40% of cases were not receiving ART. The most frequent triggering causes of HPS were viral, especially HHV-8. In addition, two new HPS triggers were identified: Blastocystis dermatitidis and Mycobacterium chelonae. Conclusion. Administration of treatment in HPS is arbitrary. This, together with the high mortality rate and the fact that it is underdiagnosed, indicates the importance of conducting future studies.

Gestational trophoblastic syndrome and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: A retrospective analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 875-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Moodley ◽  
J. Moodley
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sub Saharan

The appropriate management of gynecological malignancies in association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is not established. To date the reported literature on the subject consists mainly of case reports. Due to the increasing prevalence of HIV infection, especially in sub-Saharan countries, the chances of finding both conditions in the same patient has produced management and ethical dilemmas. This retrospective study describes the management of 12 HIV-infected patients and compares their outcome with 29 non HIV-infected patients. The mean age of the non HIV-infected patients was 30 years (range 16–56 years), while the mean age of the HIV-infected patients was 32 years (range 20–47 years). In terms of risk factors, there were 72% of non HIV-infected women in the high-risk category compared to 50% of HIV-infected women (P = 0.468). All patients who received treatment had CD4 counts greater than 200 cells/μl. Two HIV-infected women who did not receive any form of chemotherapy due to low CD4 counts (41 cells/μl and 84 cells/μl) demised of their disease. The majority of women (86% non HIV-infected & 90% HIV-infected) received lfewer than 10 cycles of chemotherapy to attain cure. Most side effects were minor. None of the HIV-infected patients who received chemotherapy demised of their disease. In total, irrespective of risk category, there were 38 patients (93%) who were cured of their disease by chemotherapy including 10 HIV-positive patients. All patients were alive and free of disease at their last follow-up visit. Although the numbers are small, it is proposed that HIV-infected patients with choriocarcinoma and a reasonable degree of CD4 counts (>200cells/μl) should receive standard therapy.

scholarly journals Saquinavir-mediated inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in SCID mice implanted with human fetal thymus and liver tissue: an in vivo model for evaluating the effect of drug therapy on HIV infection in lymphoid tissues.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1880-1887 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Pettoello-Mantovani ◽  
T R Kollmann ◽  
C Raker ◽  
A Kim ◽  
S Yurasov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Scid Mice ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Hiv Replication ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Treatment with protease inhibitors alone or in combination with inhibitors of reverse transcriptase potently suppresses levels of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA in plasma and thereby may significantly delay the progression of HIV-mediated disease. To investigate the effect of treatment with the protease inhibitor saquinavir on HIV replication in the lymphoid tissues, we used a SCID-hu mouse model that we developed, in which human thymic and liver tissues (hu-thy/liv) were implanted under both kidney capsules in SCID mice (thy/liv-SCID-hu mice). These mice are populated in the periphery with large numbers of human T cells and develop disseminated HIV infection after intraimplant injection. thy/liv-SCID-hu mice with established HIV infection that were treated for 1 month with saquinavir had a significantly lower viral load present in the implanted hu-thy/liv and mouse spleen than did the untreated HIV-infected thy/liv-SCID-hu mice. To examine the capacity of acute treatment with saquinavir to prevent HIV infection, some thy/liv-SCID-hu mice were inoculated with HIV and then immediately started on saquinavir. Although treated mice had markedly lower viral loads in the thy/liv implants and spleens, HIV infection was not completely prevented. Thus, the effect of antiviral therapy on HIV infection in the major site of HIV replication, the lymphoid tissues, can be readily evaluated in our thy/liv-SCID-hu mice. These mice should prove to be a useful model for determining the in vivo effectiveness of different therapeutic interventions on acute and chronic HIV infection.

scholarly journals Cerebral aneurysms associated with human immunodeficiency virus in adults: literature review and new perspectives

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Campostrini Pagiola ◽  
Aline Lariessy Campos Paiva ◽  
Guilherme Brasileiro de Aguiar ◽  
Augusto Cesar Penalva de Oliveira ◽  
Mario Luiz Marques Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Cerebral Aneurysms ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Medical Database ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

SUMMARY Introduction: the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been decreasing patient morbidity and mortality by opportunistic infections and, thus, survival has increased. This new reality has been changing the spectrum of diseases affecting such patients. Objective: to discuss the association between HIV and the emergence of aneurysmal brain injuries. Method: it was performed a literature review using medical database. The following descriptors were searched: "Intracranial Aneurysms and HIV", "Intracranial Aneurysms and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome," "aneurysm and brain and HIV". Results: after performed a literature review, it was observed that the relationship between HIV infection and the formation of aneurysms appears to be real, however, it still lacks data to confirm the pathophysiology of this condition and its best treatment. Conclusion: there are new signs and symptoms that should be studied and researched relating HIV with other changes not previously known.

scholarly journals SIV/SHIV-Zika coinfection does not alter disease pathogenesis in adult non-pregnant Rhesus Macaques

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi R. M. Bidokhti ◽  
Debashis Dutta ◽  
Lepakshe S. V. Madduri ◽  
Shawna M. Woollard ◽  
Robert Norgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Tropical Infectious Diseases

AbstractDue to the large geographical overlap of populations exposed to Zika virus (ZIKV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), understanding disease pathogenesis in such coinfections is urgently needed. We used chronically infected simian immunodeficiency virus and chimeric simian human immunodeficiency virus (SIV/SHIV) macaques and inoculated with ZIKV. Plasma viral loads of both SIV/SHIV and ZIKV showed no significant changes as compared to ZIKV alone-infected animals. Tissue clearance of ZIKV was observed similarly. Furthermore, minimal changes in cytokines/chemokines were observed. Collectively, these data suggest that coinfection may not alter disease pathogenesis and warrants large HIV-ZIKV epidemiological studies to validate these findings.Author SummaryThe co-infection incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and neglected tropical infectious diseases is increasing due to the large geographical overlap of populations exposed to both of these viruses. Thus, researching on such coinfection is of particular importance. In this study, we investigated HIV-ZIKV coinfection dynamics in adult non-pregnant Rhesus Macaques model chronically infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) - or chimeric simian human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV). We found that post ZIKV inoculation, plasma viral loads were similar to ZIKV alone infected animals in addition to minimal changes of cytokines. Dynamics of SIV and SHIV also did not change. Tissue clearance of ZIKV was found 67 months later. Our findings provide insights into HIV-ZKIV coinfection to determine the alteration of their pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Primary Toxoplasma gondii infection-associated with hemophagocytic syndrome in a man with HIV infection: a case report

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhou ◽  
Yongfeng Liu ◽  
Ying Wen
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hemophagocytic Syndrome ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Double Positive ◽  
Glucocorticoid Treatment ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Single Positive ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Abstract Background Reactivation of latent Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection is more common than primary infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We report a rare case of primary T. gondii infection-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS). Case presentation A man with HIV infection presented with fever, dyspnea and pancytopenia. He was diagnosed with primary T. gondii infection by the seroconversion from single-positive IgM antibody to double-positive IgM and IgG antibody. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of a plasma sample yielded high reads of T. gondii DNA. He responded well to combined anti-Toxoplasma medicines and glucocorticoid treatment. Conclusions In patients with HPS and positive T. gondii IgM antibody, mNGS analysis of a peripheral blood sample is helpful in diagnosing disseminated T. gondii infection. The dynamic changes by serological detection for IgM and IgG of T. gondii further supported the inference that the patient has experienced a primary T. gondii infection.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and HIV co-infection: a living systematic evidence map of current research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwinyai Masukume ◽  
Witness Mapanga ◽  
Doreen Sindisiwe van Zyl
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Evidence Map ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract The world currently faces two ongoing devastating pandemics. These are the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2/coronavirus disease 2019 (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19) and the prior human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) pandemics. The literature regarding the confluence of these global plagues expands at pace. A systematic search of the literature considering COVID-19 and HIV co-infection was performed. After five months, from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there were at least thirty-five studies reported from thirteen countries. These ranged from individual case reports and series to cohort studies. Based on studies that could be extrapolated to the general population, co-infected individuals with suppressed HIV viral loads did not have disproportionate COVID-19 sickness and death. At least four patients, newly diagnosed with HIV recovered from COVID-19. Current evidence suggests that co-infected patients should be treated like the general population. This ongoing living systematic evidence map of contemporary primary SARS-CoV-2 and HIV co-infection research provides a platform for researchers, policy makers, clinicians and others to more quickly discover and build relevant insights.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in Children

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly Ryan ◽  
Edward Connor ◽  
Anthony Minnefor ◽  
Frank Desposito ◽  
James Oleske
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Health and social problems associated with HIV infection and AIDS in the professional activity of specialists with secondary medical education

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
L. Guseva
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

The article considers urgent problem of modern society – progressive increase in the number of people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Epidemiological characteristics of the pathogen are given, clinical signs of the disease and a modern strategy aimed at reducing the number of infected people are presented. The role of specialists with secondary medical education in the implementation of the Strategy aimed at combating the spread of HIV infection epidemic in the Russian Federation is emphasized.

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