Abstract
Increasing the recoverable reserves from oil fields by extracting from tar zones is becoming more desirable in the Middle East. One approach for improved definition of tar zones is to understand the factors which affected the deposition and distribution of asphaltenes within the target interval. In this paper we outline how integrated 1-D and 3-D basin modelling was used to identify the timing of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion from the Jurassic source rock to charge a prolific Jurassic carbonate reservoir formation of an oil field, offshore Abu Dhabi, UAE and Qatar.
The source rock is modelled to be in the peak oil mature window today, with the onset of oil generation from the Cenomanian to the Turonian, depending on modelled and assumed source rock kinetics. The onset of oil expulsion was from the earliest Paleocene. Measured bulk fluid parameters in the reservoir formation have a significantly higher Gas-Oil Ratio (GOR) and elevated API gravity values when compared with predicted values. A possible mechanism to explain this discrepancy would be to invoke the contribution of higher GOR fluids from more mature source rocks within the fetch area of the field.
Thermochemical sulphate reduction of anhydrite layers in the reservoir is predicted to have begun during the Eocene. Major uplift and erosion in the Oligocene and Mio-Pliocene significantly reduced reservoir pressure and temperature. This reduction in pressure and temperature is modelled to have caused precipitation of solids, gravity segregation and flocculation at the then oil-water contact, depositing the main tar zone and patchy tar in the reservoir beneath this zone as charge continued through time.
We present a detailed review, interpretation and 3-D basin model; the first study of its kind conducted on this oil field. The 3-D basin model predicts the timing of the deposition and distribution of asphaltenes in the carbonate reservoirs of the studied field and demonstrate that local problems need to be understood in their regional context.
Integration of geological and geophysical data in effective permeability modeling of a carbonate reservoir influenced by fractures in a giant oil field offshore Abu Dhabi