scholarly journals New business opportunities for oil development companies-Kyoto Protocol including emission trading, clean development mechanism, etc.-The impact of emission trading, joint implementation and clean development mechanism on energy industries-

2004 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-324
Author(s):  
Kouichi Iwama
Keyword(s):  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Clean Development Mechanism ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Joint Implementation ◽  
Oil Development ◽  
Business Opportunities ◽  
New Business ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Development Mechanism

scholarly journals Analisis Kinerja Sistem Proteksi Type M-3425A pada Generator di WHRPG PT. Semen Padang

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Liliana Liliana
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Clean Development Mechanism ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Generator Protection ◽  
Development Mechanism

Waste Heat Recovery Power Generation (WHRPG) adalah sebuah sistem mengkonservasi energi dan menunjang pembangunan bersih atau Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) yang merupakan implementasi dari Kyoto Protocol. Sistem ini terbukti dapat  menurunkan emisi CO2 sebesar 47.000 ton per tahun. WHRPG menggunakan generator sinkron dengan kapasitas 8,5 MW dilengkapi dengan sistem eksitasi tanpa sikat.  Pengoperasian WHRPG yang kontinyu harus didukung dengan pengoperasian generator dengan pengamanan yang optimal. Generator harus terus dilindungi dari gangguan-gangguan yang mungkin terjadi. Pengamanan Generator telah dilengkapi dengan Generator Protection Type M-3425 yang terdiri atas beberapa jenis pengamanan di dalamnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja proteksi pada generator khususnya terhadap gangguan tegangan lebih dan frekuensi rendah berupa kenaikan tegangan mencapai 45% dan gangguan penurunan frekuensi mencapai 6 % . Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi ketepatan kinerja relay Over Current Relay dan  under frequency Relay dalam melaksanakan pengamanan gangguan tersebut.  Hasil pemantauan dan analisis dinyatakan bahwa kedua  relay dapat dengan cepat membaca gangguan yang terjadi, selanjutnya memberi isyarat untuk mengaktifkan lock out relay, alarm dan lampu indikator sehingga gangguanpun dengan segera dapat diatasi sehingga potensi kerusakan yang bisa terjadi  pada generator bisa diminimalisir.

The evolution of China’s emission trading mechanisms: From international offset market to domestic Emission Trading Scheme

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1214-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Ba ◽  
Paul R Thiers ◽  
Yonggong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Clean Development Mechanism ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Emission Trading Scheme ◽  
Cap And Trade ◽  
High Emission ◽  
Trading Mechanisms ◽  
Trading Scheme ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Development Mechanism

With the decline of the international market under the Clean Development Mechanism, China is establishing a national Emission Trading Scheme by setting up emission cap and trade rules for high emission industries in seven pilot areas. The shift from the international to domestic market and from an offset program to a true cap and trade mechanism requires several significant changes. This paper reviews the development and evolution of China’s carbon trading market policy instruments. We find that there are substantial changes in both structure and policy. First, Emission Trading Scheme is a broad cap-and-trade mechanism with many new stakeholders added to those already involved in China’s Clean Development Mechanism. Second, the administrative structure is decentralized compared to that of the Clean Development Mechanism. Third, while the Emission Trading Scheme is best thought of as a new policy, China’s experience with the Clean Development Mechanism influences that policy. A large number of Clean Development Mechanism projects are being converted into offsets for the national Emission Trading Scheme market, and many institutional stakeholders that emerged during the Clean Development Mechanism are now involved in the Emission Trading Scheme. The combination of new policies and stakeholders, a decentralization of structure and the conversion of Clean Development Mechanism projects raise questions regarding the integrity of the cap and the enforcement of compliance as the Emission Trading Scheme is expanded into a nationwide system.

scholarly journals Accelerating the implementation of the clean development mechanism in South African industry

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Little ◽  
T Maxwell ◽  
M Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
South African ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Clean Development Mechanism ◽  
Implementation Strategy ◽  
Development Mechanism

One of the responses to the threat of global warming is the Kyoto Protocol and the associated Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to reduce greenhouse gases. South Africa is an ideal country for the implementation of industrial CDM projects, yet lags behind many other countries. This qualitative research determines the factors that cause South Africa to lag other developing countries in the implementation of industrial CDM projects and the interventions that will have the most impact on accelerating implementation. The research involved interviews with 30 experts involved in the South African CDM process. The results identify the factors perceived to be facilitating and inhibiting the use of CDM opportunities and a framework for CDM practitioners to develop an implementation strategy within South African industry is established. 

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