scholarly journals Method for laboratory testing rubber penetration of steel cords in conveyor belts

Mining Scince ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Woźniak ◽  
Monika Hardygóra
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Steel Cords ◽  
Conveyor Belts

scholarly journals Analysis of Strength Factors of Steel Cord Conveyor Belt Splices Based on the FEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xianguo Li ◽  
Xinyu Long ◽  
Zhenqian Shen ◽  
Changyun Miao
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Pullout Force ◽  
Operational Safety ◽  
Steel Cords ◽  
Conveyor Belts ◽  
Steel Cord ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Cord Length

Conveyor belt is an important element of the conveyor. The strength of the steel cord conveyor belt largely determines the carrying capacity, and it also has a great impact on operational safety. In this paper, the effect of different factors on the strength of the steel cord conveyor belt splices was studied. The FEM was used for simulation analysis, and the corresponding tensile experiments were carried out to verify. Steel cords of different lengths were simulated, and the simulation results agree well with the experimental results. On this basis, the steel cord length, steel cord diameter, rubber thickness, and different number of steel cords were investigated to study the effect on the pullout force of the steel cord conveyor belt splice. The numerical simulation results show that different steel cord diameters have more significant effect on the strength of the conveyor belt splice compared to rubber. The steel cord length and steel cord diameter impact on the steel cord conveyor belt is approximately linear. For the different number of the steel cords, the increase in the number of steel cords does not mean that the tension will increase by the same multiple, and the increase in pullout force is less than the increase in the number of steel cords. It provides guidance for the production of steel cord conveyor belts.

Characterization of the Steel Tire Cord - Rubber Interface

2009 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Buytaert ◽  
Frederik Coornaert ◽  
Willem Dekeyser
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Interface Layer ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Interfacial Layers ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Steel Cords ◽  
Conveyor Belts ◽  
Steel Cord

Abstract Brass-coated steel cords are extensively used as reinforcement material in radial tires, high-pressure hydraulic hoses and heavy duty conveyor belts. Bonding between rubber and steel cord is obtained via the formation of an adhesion interface layer during the curing process. The adhesion build-up mechanism involves the chemical reaction of sulfurating species contained in the rubber skim compound and copper of the brass coating, forming a CuxS layer at the rubber-brass interface. Advances in mechanistic investigations are presented, using analytical techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical microscopy (OM). XPS and AES provide chemical in-depth information, whereas OM and AFM highlight the morphology of the resulting interfacial layers. These investigations improve the understanding of the adhesion mechanism, both for adhesion buildup and for bond degradation.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of an Eco-Friendly Technology for Splicing Steel Cord Conveyor Belts

2014 ◽  
Vol 683 ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Hardygora ◽  
Miroslaw Bajda ◽  
Ryszard Blazej
Keyword(s):  
Open Pit ◽  
Mining Institute ◽  
Lignite Mine ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Steel Cords ◽  
Conveyor Belts ◽  
Steel Cord ◽  
Belt Conveyors ◽  
Strength And Durability

A new eco-friendly method of splicing steel cord conveyor belts without the use of noxious materials has been developed by the Mining Institute at Wrocław University of Technology in collaboration with the Bełchatów Lignite Mine – the two leaders in implementing state-of-the-art and environment friendly technologies in mining in Poland [1,2,3]. Polish lignite mines use belts with steel cords. Such belts are spliced through high temperature vulcanization, which is not safe for the environment and has an adverse impact on human health. Strength and durability are the two main properties of belt splices, having a bearing on the failure-free operation of the belt conveyors used for the haulage of stripped rock or muck in open pit mines [4,5,6]. This means that properly made steel cord belt splices should have the strength and durability parameters similar to the ones of the belt without splices. Many factors contribute to the quality of the splice, including the ones connected with the splicing technology, workmanship and with the fact that splices are made directly on conveyors in heavy mine conditions.

Novel Approaches for Processing of Multi-Channels NDT Signals for Damage Detection in Conveyor Belts with Steel Cords

2013 ◽  
Vol 569-570 ◽  
pp. 978-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Blazej ◽  
Leszek Jurdziak ◽  
Radoslaw Zimroz
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Magnetic Sensors ◽  
Material Transport ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Steel Cords ◽  
Conveyor Belts ◽  
Belt Conveyors

Belt conveyors are one of the most popular methods of material transport in many branches of industry, especially in mining. The average length of mining belt conveyor is about 1000 m. Taking into account that total length of transportation ways in averaged mine can approach several dozen of kilometers and network of several conveyors may cover large area, maintenance of such specific transportation system is very difficult. In this work we propose an automatic multi-channel system for data acquisition and processing for damage detection in belts. Belts with steel cords are considered here, they consist of top and bottom rubber covers and steel cords in between them. Due to many reasons (mainly sharpness of transported materials) covers may be damaged and it may initiate degradation process or straight damages in steel cords. Properties of steel cords are therefore crucial for overall strength of belts, if they are damaged, it may cause catastrophic failure of the whole conveyor. So, monitoring of belts conditions is a crucial issue. We proposed a monitoring system that measure and process data from array of magnetic sensors. The system allows to acquire up to 24 channels of NDT signals and uses automatic algorithms to process them in order to get information about begin of the belt loop, location of joints of particular belt segments and the final location and size of damages related to corrosion or cuts of steel cords inside belts. These techniques will be presented in the paper. Our approach has been validated in a lignite mine for several conveyor belts.

Assessing Sexual Dysfunction, Part 1: Male Sexual Dysfunction

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Seth D. Cohen ◽  
Steven Mandel ◽  
David B. Samadi
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Aging Male ◽  
Testosterone Deficiency ◽  
Subjective Complaint ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Male Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Multiple Health

Abstract To properly assess men and women with sexual dysfunction, evaluators should take a biopsychosocial approach that may require consultation with multiple health care professionals from various fields in order to get to the root of the sexual dysfunction; this multidisciplinary methodology offers the best chance of successful treatment. For males, this article focuses on erectile dysfunction (ED) and hypogonadism. The initial evaluation of ED involves a thorough case history, preferably taken from the patient and partner, physical examination, and proper laboratory and diagnostic tests, including an acknowledgment of the subjective complaint. The diagnosis is established on the basis of an individual's report of the consistent inability to attain and maintain an erection sufficient to permit satisfactory sexual intercourse. Initial workups for ED should entail a detailed history that can be obtained from a validated questionnaire such as the International Index of Erectile Function and the Sexual Health Inventory for Men. Hypogonadism is evaluated using the validated Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male questionnaire and laboratory testing for testosterone deficiency. Treatments logically can begin with the least invasive and then progress to more invasive strategies after appropriate counseling. The last and most important treatment component when caring for men with sexual dysfunction—and, arguably, the least practiced—is close follow-up.

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