Research on physiological adaptation of the Echinochloa weed.Seed germination and flooding resistance.

1992 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 2-5
Author(s):  
YUJI YAMASUE
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Adaptation

Developmental Plasticity and Evolution

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Jane West-Eberhard
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Modular Organization ◽  
Random Mutation ◽  
Environmental Induction ◽  
Development And Evolution

The first comprehensive synthesis on development and evolution: it applies to all aspects of development, at all levels of organization and in all organisms, taking advantage of modern findings on behavior, genetics, endocrinology, molecular biology, evolutionary theory and phylogenetics to show the connections between developmental mechanisms and evolutionary change. This book solves key problems that have impeded a definitive synthesis in the past. It uses new concepts and specific examples to show how to relate environmentally sensitive development to the genetic theory of adaptive evolution and to explain major patterns of change. In this book development includes not only embryology and the ontogeny of morphology, sometimes portrayed inadequately as governed by "regulatory genes," but also behavioral development and physiological adaptation, where plasticity is mediated by genetically complex mechanisms like hormones and learning. The book shows how the universal qualities of phenotypes--modular organization and plasticity--facilitate both integration and change. Here you will learn why it is wrong to describe organisms as genetically programmed; why environmental induction is likely to be more important in evolution than random mutation; and why it is crucial to consider both selection and developmental mechanism in explanations of adaptive evolution. This book satisfies the need for a truly general book on development, plasticity and evolution that applies to living organisms in all of their life stages and environments. Using an immense compendium of examples on many kinds of organisms, from viruses and bacteria to higher plants and animals, it shows how the phenotype is reorganized during evolution to produce novelties, and how alternative phenotypes occupy a pivotal role as a phase of evolution that fosters diversification and speeds change. The arguments of this book call for a new view of the major themes of evolutionary biology, as shown in chapters on gradualism, homology, environmental induction, speciation, radiation, macroevolution, punctuation, and the maintenance of sex. No other treatment of development and evolution since Darwin's offers such a comprehensive and critical discussion of the relevant issues. Developmental Plasticity and Evolution is designed for biologists interested in the development and evolution of behavior, life-history patterns, ecology, physiology, morphology and speciation. It will also appeal to evolutionary paleontologists, anthropologists, psychologists, and teachers of general biology.

Loss of sleep or loss of dark?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Ocean Floor ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Night And Day

Before electricity, night was something akin to the deep sea: just as we could not descend much below the water surface, we also could not investigate the night for more than a short distance, and for a short period of time. Things changed with two inventions: the Bathysphere to plumb the ocean floor, and electricity to light the night for sustained exploration. Exploration led to dominance, and night has become indistinguishable from day in many parts of the world. The benefits of electric light are myriad, but so too are the possible detriments of loss of dark at night, including poor sleep, obesity, diabetes, cancer, and mood disorders. Our primordial physiological adaptation to the night and day cycle is being flummoxed by the maladaptive signals coming from electric lighting around the clock. The topic of sleep and health has finally attained scientific respect, but dark and health is not yet fully appreciated.

scholarly journals Whole-Genome DNA Methylation Analysis in Hydrogen Peroxide Overproducing Transgenic Tobacco Resistant to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Ana L. Villagómez-Aranda ◽  
Luis F. García-Ortega ◽  
Irineo Torres-Pacheco ◽  
Ramón G. Guevara-González
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses

Epigenetic regulation is a key component of stress responses, acclimatization and adaptation processes in plants. DNA methylation is a stable mark plausible for the inheritance of epigenetic traits, such that it is a potential scheme for plant breeding. However, the effect of modulators of stress responses, as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), in the methylome status has not been elucidated. A transgenic tobacco model to the CchGLP gene displayed high H2O2 endogen levels correlated with biotic and abiotic stresses resistance. The present study aimed to determine the DNA methylation status changes in the transgenic model to obtain more information about the molecular mechanism involved in resistance phenotypes. The Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing analysis revealed a minimal impact of overall levels and distribution of methylation. A total of 9432 differential methylated sites were identified in distinct genome regions, most of them in CHG context, with a trend to hypomethylation. Of these, 1117 sites corresponded to genes, from which 83 were also differentially expressed in the plants. Several genes were associated with respiration, energy, and calcium signaling. The data obtained highlighted the relevance of the H2O2 in the homeostasis of the system in stress conditions, affecting at methylation level and suggesting an association of the H2O2 in the physiological adaptation to stress functional linkages may be regulated in part by DNA methylation.

OBJECTIVE FUNCTION, LEAN MASS, AND ASSOCIATED GENETIC ADAPTATIONS OF THE OPERATED LEG FOLLOWING TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 1550007
Author(s):  
T. Okoro ◽  
C. Stewart ◽  
N. Al-Shanti ◽  
A. Lemmey ◽  
P. Maddison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Total Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Total Hip

Purpose: To characterize muscle recovery following total hip arthroplasty (THA) combining genetic adaptations in the affected leg with objective function and body composition assessment. Methods: Preoperatively and at six weeks postoperatively, objective function was assessed by: maximal voluntary contraction of the operated leg quadriceps (MVCOLQ) in Newtons (N), 30[Formula: see text]s chair sit-to-stand (ST), and six-minute walk test (6MWT), with lean mass of the operated leg estimated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Genetic adaptations were assessed from vastus lateralis (VL) biopsies by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis of markers of hypertrophy (FOS, calpain2 (CAPN2)), atrophy (20[Formula: see text]s proteasome alpha subunit 7 (PSMA7), cathepsin L2 (CTSL2), inflammation (Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-[Formula: see text]), Interleukin-6 (IL-6)) and lipid metabolism (lipoprotein lipase, LPL and peroxisome proliferated activated receptor gamma (PPARAG). Results: 14 patients were recruited. At six weeks, no significant differences, relative to preoperative values, were noted in either objective function or leg lean mass. Markers for hypertrophy were increased (FOS [Formula: see text]1463%, [Formula: see text]), with atrophy (PSMA7 [Formula: see text]44.8%, [Formula: see text]; CTSL2 [Formula: see text]42.5%, [Formula: see text]), inflammation (TNF [Formula: see text]29.6%, [Formula: see text]) and lipid metabolism markers showing a decreasing trend (LPL [Formula: see text]42.45%, [Formula: see text]). Conclusion: The initial post-THA intramuscular environment appears supportive of anabolism. However, this is not reflected in objective function or lean mass measures at six weeks, suggesting longer duration may be required for physiological adaptation to occur.

Physiological Adaptation of theRhodococcus jostiiRHA1 Membrane Proteome to Steroids as Growth Substrates

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1188-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ute Haußmann ◽  
Dirk A. Wolters ◽  
Benjamin Fränzel ◽  
Lindsay D. Eltis ◽  
Ansgar Poetsch
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Membrane Proteome ◽  
Growth Substrates

Physiological Effect of Lichen Secondary Metabolites on the Lichen Parasite Marchandiomyces Corallinus

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Torzilli ◽  
P. A. Mikelson ◽  
J. D. Lawrey
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Secondary Chemistry ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Lichenicolous Fungi

AbstractIt has been suggested that the host specificity exhibited by some lichenicolous fungi depends on their ability to tolerate the secondary chemistry of potential host lichens. For example, the lichen parasite Marchandiomyces corallinus is able to degrade the tissues of the lichen Flavoparmelia baltimorensis irrespective of the presence or absence of endogenous phenolic compounds. In contrast, the degradation of tissues from the lichen Lasallia papulosa is suppressed when endogenous phenolics are not removed. We have investigated the physiological basis of this inhibition in order to understand more about how lichen chemistry infiuences host preference in lichenicolous fungi. Results showed that the secondary compounds from L. papulosa inhibit the overall growth of M. corallimis, but not the catalytic activity of its tissue-degrading polysaccharidases. This effect is different from that shown by another lichen parasite, Nectria parmeliae, where lichen compounds specifically inhibited polysaccharidase activity. Compared with the compounds of L. papulosa, the endogenous phenolics of F. baltimorensis inhibited the growth of M. corallimis substantially less and exhibited little or no inhibition of polysaccharidases. For M. corallimis, host preference appears to be associated with physiological adaptation to the chemistry of F. baltimorensis.

Phytoplankton production and physiological adaptation on the southeastern shelf of the Agulhas ecosystem

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (13) ◽  
pp. 1472-1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Barlow ◽  
T. Lamont ◽  
M. Kyewalyanga ◽  
H. Sessions ◽  
T. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Phytoplankton Production

Swelling-activated transport of taurine in cultured gill cells of sea bass: physiological adaptation and pavement cell plasticity

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (4) ◽  
pp. R1149-R1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Avella ◽  
Olivier Ducoudret ◽  
Didier F. Pisani ◽  
Philippe Poujeol
Keyword(s):  
Sea Bass ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Taurine Transport ◽  
Hypotonic Shock ◽  
Cells In Culture ◽  
Membrane Stretch ◽  
Gill Cells ◽  
Fold Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

We have investigated volume-activated taurine transport and ultrastructural swelling response of sea bass gill cells in culture, assuming that euryhaline fish may have developed particularly efficient mechanisms of salinity adaptation. In vivo, when sea basses were progressively transferred from seawater to freshwater, we noticed a decrease in blood osmotic pressure. When gill cells in culture were subjected to 30% hypotonic shock, we observed a five-fold stimulation of [3H]taurine efflux. This transport was reduced by various anion channel inhibitors with the following efficiency: 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid (NPPB) > niflumic acid > DIDS = diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid. With polarized gill cells in culture, the hypotonic shock produced a five-fold stimulation of apical taurine transport, whereas basolateral exit was 25 times higher. Experiments using ionomycin, thapsigargin, BAPTA-AM, or removal of extracellular calcium suggested that taurine transport was regulated by external calcium. The inhibitory effects of lanthanum and streptomycin support Ca2+ entry through mechanosensitive Ca2+ channels. Branchial cells also showed hypotonically activated anionic currents sensitive to DIDS and NPPB. Similar pharmacology and time course suggested the potential existence of a common pathway for osmosensitive taurine and Cl− efflux through volume-sensitive organic osmolyte and anion channels. A three-dimensional structure study revealed that respiratory gill cells began to swell only 15 s after hypoosmotic shock. Apical microridges showed membrane outfoldings: the cell surface became smoother with a progressive disappearance of ridges. Therefore, osmotic swelling may not actually induce membrane stretch per se, inasmuch as the microridges may provide a reserve of surface area. This work demonstrates mechanisms of functional and morphological plasticity of branchial cells during osmotic stress.

scholarly journals Right Ventricular Global and Regional Remodeling in American-Style Football Athletes: A Longitudinal 3D Echocardiographic Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3357
Author(s):  
Amir Hodzic ◽  
Gabriel Bernardino ◽  
Damien Legallois ◽  
Patrick Gendron ◽  
Hélène Langet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Volumetric Assessment ◽  
American Style ◽  
Few Data ◽  
The Right ◽  
Field Position

Few data exist concerning the right ventricular (RV) physiological adaptation in American-style football (ASF) athletes. We aimed to analyze the RV global and regional responses among ASF-trained athletes. Fifty-nine (20 linemen and 39 non-linemen) ASF athletes were studied before and after inter-seasonal training. During this period, which lasted 7 months, all athletes were exposed to combined dynamic and static exercises. Cardiac longitudinal changes were examined using three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography. A computational method based on geodesic distances was applied to volumetrically parcellate the RV into apical, outlet, and inlet regions. RV global and regional end-diastolic volumes increased significantly and similarly in linemen and non-linemen after training, with predominant changes in the apex and outlet regions. RV global and regional ejection fractions were preserved. Morphological changes were uniformly distributed among the four cardiac chambers, and it was independent of the field position. Assessment of RV end-diastolic global, inlet and apical volumes showed low intra-observer (3.3%, 4.1%, and 5.3%, respectively) and inter-observer (7%, 12.2%, and 9%, respectively) variability, whereas the outlet regional volumetric assessment was less reproducible. To conclude, ASF inter-seasonal training was associated with a proportionate biventricular enlargement, regardless of the field position. Regional RV analysis allowed us to quantify the amount of exercise-induced remodeling that was larger in the apical and outlet regions.

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