scholarly journals Baseline Widal Agglutination Titre in Apparently Healthy Nepalese Blood Donors

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Tankeshwar Acharya ◽  
Bishnu Raj Tiwar ◽  
Bharat Mani Pokhrel
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Widal Test ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Agglutination Titre ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Widal test could be the useful tool for the diagnosis of Typhoid fever, provided the results of Widal test are correctly interpreted. Interpretation of Widal test is based on the baseline titre of healthy population of particular geography. This study was carried out in view to determine Widal baseline titre of healthy blood donors in Nepal from June to December 2009, in Nepal Red Cross Central Blood Transfusion Service and Department of Microbiology of National College. Blood samples were collected from 490 apparently healthy blood donors from 5 different developmental regions. Widal agglutination titre was determined with the use of standard technique as per the manufacture’s instruction. Of the total 490 blood samples, 35.1% (172) samples showed anti O titre ≥ 1:20 against serotype Typhi, similarly 32.9% and 24.1% samples had titre ≥ 1:40 and ≥ 1:80 respectively. About 10.4% population had anti-O titre ≥ 1: 160. Of the total blood samples, 29.4% (143) samples showed anti H titres ≥ 1:20 against serotype Typhi, similarly 26.1% had a titre ≥ 1:40, and 16.3% had a titre ≥ 1:160. Anti-H titres ≥ 1:20 were found in serotype Paratyphi A (6.3%) and Paratyphi B (3.1%). Both ‘O’ and ‘H’ agglutination titre varied according to the geographical location. This study showed high titres >1:160 for serotype Typhi, ‘O’(10%) and ‘H’ (16.3%) of widal agglutinin in apparently healthy individuals. This necessitates larger rise in widal agglutinin titre for a ‘positive’ diagnosis. Widal test had played a major role in the diagnosis of typhoid fever in the past, but its diagnostic significance is less now. Keyword: Widal test, Enteric fever, Nepal

scholarly journals Spectrum of Transfusion Transmitted Infections Among Apparently Healthy Blood Donors in Blood Bank RIMS Ranchi From 2008 to 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushma Kumari ◽  
Ritesh Kumar ◽  
Ramesh Kumar Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Immunochromatographic Test ◽  
Rapid Plasma Reagin ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Transfusion Transmitted Infection ◽  
Malaria Antigen ◽  
One Step ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Context: Apparently healthy blood donors might carry out transfusion transmitted infections which might be fatal for the donor himself as well as the recipient later on.Aim: To assess the seroprevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTI) among apparently healthy blood donors in Ranchi, India.Methods and Materials: All blood samples were screened for HIV-I and II, HBsAg, HCV (by using third generation enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay technique), Syphilis (by Rapid Plasma Reagin Kit), and Malaria antigen both for plasmodium  falciparum and plasmodium vivax (by One step, rapid, immunochromatographic test).Result: On screening of 106,306 blood units for TTIs, 1,462 (1.37 %) donors were found positive for one of the TTIs. Highest prevalence was for HBV (970 donors - 0.91%) ranging from 0.73% to 1.19%. This was followed by Malaria (272 donors - 0.25%) ranging from 0.08% to 0.48%, HCV (127 donors - 0.11%) ranging from 0.04% to 0.25%, HIV (72 donors - 0.06%) ranging from 0.03% to 0.10%, and syphilis (21 donors 0.01%) ranging from 0.00% to 0.09%.Conclusions: Apparently healthy blood donors are not omitted from the danger of transfusion-transmitted infection. 

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Performance of Widal Slide Agglutination Test Compared to Blood Culture and Evaluation of Interferon Gamma Response in the Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
Mujahid N.S. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Widal Test ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Slide Agglutination ◽  
Slide Agglutination Test ◽  
Interferon Gamma Response

Typhoid fever remains a public health challenge in developing countries including Nigeria. Widal test is widely used for the diagnosis of typhoid fever due to its simplicity and short turnaround time. However, the specificity of this test has been debated. The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of Widal test compared to blood culture and determine interferon gamma response among the study subjects. Blood samples were collected from 90 patients who complained of fever and other symptoms suggestive of typhoid fever. Widal slide agglutination test, automated blood culture and interferon gamma concentrations were conducted using rapid antibody detection kit, BACTEC and sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively. Of the 90 samples tested, 63 (70.0%) were positive for anti-Typhi O antigen while 42 (46.7%) were positive for anti-Typhi H antigen. Similarly, 18 (20%) of the blood samples were non- S. Typhi culture positive while 72 (80%) had no bacteria isolated. None of the cases had S. Typhi positive culture. With regards to interferon gamma, subjects with lower levels of 15pg/mL had no bacteria isolated from their blood. As the interferon gamma concentration increased, more subjects had non- S. Typhi bacteria isolated from their blood which shows the relationship between interferon gamma and bacteraemia. The study demonstrated that the use of Widal serology test in the diagnosis of typhoid fever may be erroneous as all the samples were found to be negative for S. Typhi using the gold standard culture methods while Interferon gamma concentration was statistically related to the isolation of non- S. Typhi in blood culture as such, could be a good marker for the development of an alternative screening test, possibly an interferon gamma based detection system for typhoid fever. However, further research is recommended to elucidate that. Keywords: Typhoid, Widal test, Blood culture, Interferon gamma

scholarly journals Cysticercus antibodies and antigens in serum from blood donors from Pondicherry, India

2005 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhash Chandra Parija ◽  
N. Balamurungan ◽  
Priyadarshi Soumyaranjan Sahu ◽  
S.P. Subbaiah
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Specific Detection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Tamil Nadu State ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The aim of the present study was to screen the serum of blood donors, which are apparently healthy and residing in Pondicherry or its neighboring districts of Tamil Nadu State, for specific detection of Cysticercus antigens and antibodies. A total of 216 blood samples were collected from blood donors at the Central Blood Bank, JIPMER Hospital, Pondicherry, India during January and February 2004. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to demonstrate anti-Cysticercus antibodies and the Co-agglutination (CoA) was used to detect antigen in sera. 14 (6.48 %) males were positive for either anti-Cysticercus antibodies or antigens. Of these eight sera were positive for anti-Cysticercus antibodies and six were positive for antigens. Results of the present study show that serum Cysticercus antigen detection may be a useful adjunct to antibody testing for seroprevalence studies of cysticercosis in the community. The present study is the first kind of study, carried out to determine both cysticercal antibodies as well as antigens in the serum samples collected from the healthy blood donors.

scholarly journals Diagnostic performance of a rapid whole blood-based RT-LAMP method for malaria diagnosis among apparently healthy blood donors and febrile neonates in Cameroon

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0246205
Author(s):  
Sylvie Georgette Zebaze Temgoua Kemleu ◽  
Laure Ngando ◽  
Elvige Nguekeng ◽  
Balotin Fogang ◽  
Marie Mafo Kapen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Lamp Method ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Amplification Method ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Light microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests are the two commonly used methods for malaria diagnosis that rely on the direct use of unprocessed blood samples. However, both methods do not have the level of sensitivity required for malaria diagnosis in cases of low density parasitaemia. We report here the diagnostic performance of a whole blood-based reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for Plasmodium falciparum malaria diagnosis in apparently healthy blood donors and febrile neonates in Cameroon. The presence of malaria parasites in whole blood samples was determined by light microscopy, antigen-based rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and by RT-LAMP using a “lyse and amplify” experimental protocol. Of the 256 blood donors tested, 36 (14.1%) were positive for malaria parasites by light microscopy, 38 (14.8%) were positive by RDT whereas 78 (30.5%) were positive by RT-LAMP. Only light microscopy and RT-LAMP detected infection among the febrile neonates (279 neonates, median age: 2 days, range: 1–9 days), with positivity rates of 8.6% and 12.2%, respectively. The overall concordance between the three methods were 75.9% for RT-LAMP and light microscopy, 75.1% for RT-LAMP and RDT, and 83.9% for light microscopy and RDT. Blood parasite densities were significantly lower in the neonates (mean: 97.6, range: 61–192 parasites/μL) compared to the blood donors (mean: 447.8, range: 63–11 000 parasites/μL). Together, the study demonstrates the usefulness of whole blood RT-LAMP for use in rapid pre-screening of blood donors and suspected neonates to avert severe consequences of P. falciparum infections.

scholarly journals Widal Test in Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever in Turkey

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 938-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayse Willke ◽  
Onder Ergonul ◽  
Banu Bayar
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Blood Donor ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Widal Test ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Convalescent Phase ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity

ABSTRACT We studied the value of the Widal tube agglutination test for the diagnosis of typhoid fever. The subjects were all adults >18 years of age and were divided into four groups: (i) 317 healthy blood donor controls, (ii) 31 bacteriologically confirmed patients with Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi, (iii) 21 patients with a clinical diagnosis of typhoid fever, and (iv) 41 febrile nontyphoid patients. Blood donor controls were screened with a slide agglutination test for the Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi O and H antigens, and positives were then tested with the Widal test. Acute- and convalescent-phase sera from patients in groups 2, 3, and 4 were obtained 7 to 10 days apart and tested by the Widal test. Using a cutoff of ≥1/200 for the O antigen test performed on acute-phase serum gave a sensitivity of 52% and a specificity of 88% with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 76% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 71%. This increased to 90% sensitivity and specificity with a PPV of 88% and an NPV of 93% when the convalescent-phase serum was tested. We concluded that O and H agglutinin titers of ≥1/200 are of diagnostic significance. The Widal test is easy, inexpensive, and relatively noninvasive. It can be of diagnostic value when blood cultures are not available or practical. The results must be interpreted cautiously because of the low sensitivity of the test. The Widal test done on convalescent-phase serum gave more-reliable results with higher specificity and sensitivity.

scholarly journals Baseline titre of Widal amongst healthy blood donors at tertiary care hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1571
Author(s):  
Ranjana R. Khorgade ◽  
Pramod R. Bhise
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Widal Test ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Th 1

Background: Indian subcontinent is a hotspot of Typhoid activity with high prevalence rates. The Widal test is one of the commonly used sero-diagnostic test for typhoid fever in developing countries. Lack of proper knowledge of baseline titre of Widal test can lead to over diagnosis of typhoid fever leading to mismanagement of patients. A single cut off value on average titre among healthy individuals needs to be determined. So, the purpose of the present study was to develop recommendations for the interpretation of Widal test results in the local region. The objectives were to determine the baseline Widal titre of study population and to propose titre-values of significance in the diagnosis of enteric fever.Methods: Sera of 242 apparently healthy blood donors from January 2016 to December 2016 in blood bank and Department of Microbiology, Dr. PDMMC, Amravati, Maharashtra, India were subjected to standard quantitative tube and semi-quantitative slide Widal test to know the titre.Results: Highest titre obtained by tube Widal test for TO was 1:320, for TH- 1:160, for AH- 1:80, and for BH- 1:80. Tube Widal titres of ≤1:160 for TO were seen in 238 (98.34%) and for TH titre of ≤1:80 were seen in 238 (98.34%), TO and TH titres of ≥1:160 were seen in 24 (9.91%) and 4 (1.65%) respectively. TO titre of 1:320 was seen in 4(1.65%) and TH titre of 1:160 was seen in 4 (1.64%). Highest titre obtained by semi-quantitative slide Widal for TO was 1:640, for TH, AH and BH was 1:160.Conclusions: We recommend that TO titre of ≥1:320 and TH titre ≥1:160 as diagnostic of typhoid fever and for AH and BH, titres of ≥1:80 should be considered diagnostic respectively in our region. Because of high expected false positivity rate of slide Widal test.

scholarly journals Prevalence of viral (HBV, HCV and HIV) co-infections among apparently healthy blood donors in Ranchi, Jharkhand, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2674
Author(s):  
Sushma Kumari ◽  
Asha Kiran ◽  
Ritesh Kumar ◽  
Ramesh K. Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Safe Blood ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Background: Apparently healthy blood donors may carry double viral co-infections that might be more fatal than viral mono-infection for the donor himself as well as recipient later on.Methods: All blood samples were screened for HIV-I and II (4th generation kit), HBV and HCV (3rd generation kit) by using chemiluminescence technique (Manufacturer- Abbott, Model-Architect i 1000SR).Results: On screening of 41307 blood units, 829 (2.0%) donors were found positive for one of the viral infection (HBV, HCV and HIV). Highest prevalence was for HBV (417 donors- 1.0%) followed by HCV (324 donors- 0.78 %) and HIV (88 donors- 0.21 %).Conclusions: Apparently healthy blood donors might carry, life threatening, double viral co-infections in their blood. Failure to diagnose and treat co-infection at an early stage results in serious complications and sequelae. For safe blood transfusion all blood units should be tested for compatibility and TTI’s with reduction in unnecessary blood transfusion.

scholarly journals Titer Widal pada Populasi Sehat di Universitas Jember

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Dissa Yulianita Suryani ◽  
Muhammad Ali Shodikin ◽  
Ida Srisurani Wiji Astuti
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Widal Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Apparently Healthy

  Enteric fever is endemic in developing countries including Indonesia. Widal test in a single serum sample is commonly used as laboratory diagnosis especially where culture facilities are not available. Examination of the single Widal test in endemic countries such as Indonesia, will give less accurate results with the large number of false-positive or false-negative. One of false-positive results is single Widal interpretation of test in endemic areas where the majority of the healthy population had contact or infected previously, and showed a positive result of Widal test. Widal titre examination in healthy population both men and women have not been investigated in Jember. So the aim of this study was to determine Widal titres among apparently healthy population in Jember University. In this cross-sectional study, blood samples were collected as much as 3 mL from healthy men (n=47) and women (n=47) and were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella antibodies by carrying out the Widal slide agglutination test. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 23 descriptively. The result showed that the most frequent antibody titres of O, H, AO, AH, BO, and BH antigens were 1/320 (37,2%), 1/320 (38,2%), 1/320 (86,1%), 1/320 (67,0%), 1/320 (77,7%) and 1/40 (27,7%) respectively in healthy population. In conclusion, antibody titre of AO dominated the most positive results in healthy population.   Keywords: Widal test, healthy population, Indonesia  

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