scholarly journals Compliance to Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS) Chemotherapy among the Patient of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Banke District of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Ram Bahadur Nepali ◽  
Damaru Prasad Paneru
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Regular Treatment ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Tubercular infection is still a pervasive public health problem in Nepal despite the massive efforts of National Health Service stakeholders. High bacterial infectivity, transmissibility, increasing drug resistance and non compliance to the therapy have been adding up challenges to prevention and control of tuberculosis. This study was conducted to observe the treatment compliance pattern among new pulmonary sputum smear positive cases of tuberculosis. A cross sectional study was carried out in the year 2009. The 114 new smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients registered in the six selected DOTS centres of the Banke Disrtict were randomly selected. Participants were selected from each DOTS centre by probability proportionate sampling methods. Data were analyzed by SPSS (11.0 Version) and P< 0.05 was considered as significant. Overall compliance to DOTS was 86.80 percent; of these, 57.00 percent showed excellent and regular compliance followed by nearly 30 percent good compliance. And 13.20 percent participants were non complaint to DOTS therapy. Positive Family behaviors were positively associated with compliance while alcohol consumption was found to be negatively associated with compliance however; age, sex and income were found to be non significant factors for compliance. Feeling of getting cure even before the course of DOTS therapy (feeling better after 2-3 months regular treatment) and drinking habits were found to be the major causes of non compliance. Supportive family behaviors and avoidance of alcohol consumption may promote the compliance. Excellent treatment compliance in the face of many odds is highly encouraging and the pattern can be useful in treatment despite little non compliances; furthermore compliance can be enhanced by acting on these causes of non compliances. Key words: Pulmonary, Tuberculosis, DOTS, Banke, Nepal

scholarly journals Tuberculosis Status and Coinfection of Pulmonary Fungal Infections in Patients Referred to Reference Laboratory of Health Centers Ghaemshahr City during 2007-2017

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Jabbari Amiri ◽  
Rora Siami ◽  
Azad Khaledi
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
P Value ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pulmonary Fungal Infections ◽  
Student’S T

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary tuberculosis is one of the most important health concerns. Pulmonary fungal infections have clinical and radiological characteristics similar to tuberculosis which may be easily misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. This study aimed to evaluate tuberculosis (TB) status and coinfection of TB with pulmonary fungal infections in patients referred to reference laboratory of health centers Ghaemshahr city during 2007-2017.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted during eleven years, between 2007 2017, on 3577 patients with suspected TB referred to health centers of Ghaemshahr City. For isolation, sputum smear preparation and Ziehl-Neelson staining in companying with microscopy direct observation and KOH 10% + white Calcofluor staining was used. The culture of fungi was performed on Sabouraud Dextrose agar, Czapek and chrome agar media. Then, data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16) through Student's t-test, Fisher test, and Odds Ratio. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.RESULTS: Of 3577 patients, 10731 smears were prepared, 3.6% (n=130) of patients were identified as smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis, 86.4% (n=3090) were smear negative and 10% (n=357) drug-resistant TB. The mean age of patients was 48±1.8 years. With increasing age, the prevalence of TB has increased which was statistically significant (P value <0.05). Prevalence of tuberculosis in the age group over than 57 years in males and females had an ascending trend. Amongst the positive tuberculosis patients, 16/130 cases (12.3%) had the coinfection of TB with fungi microorganisms.CONCLUSION: Our findings showed the coinfection of fungi agents in patients with tuberculosis that should be considered. 

scholarly journals Risk factors for mortality among inpatients with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidra Hameed ◽  
Faisal Faiyaz Zuberi ◽  
Sagheer Hussain ◽  
Syed Khalid Ali
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Objective: To evaluate risk factors having significant effect on mortality of smear positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) inpatients. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Ojha Institute of Chest Diseases, Dow University Hospital Ojha Campus, Karachi. One hundred and seventy (170) inpatients of smear positive PTB confirmed by Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) smear, aged between 13-80 years were enrolled by using consecutive sampling technique while patients with drug resistant Tuberculosis (TB) and extra pulmonary TB were excluded from the study. Selected patients were interviewed for collecting demographic data and risk factor data by using a standard questionnaire. Results: Out of 170 PTB inpatients, mortality was observed in 23 (13.5%) patients among which male patients were 12 (52.2%), and female were 11 (47.8%). Mortality was significantly associated with increasing age (p=0.003), socioeconomic status (p=0.019), anemia (p=0.03), Chronic Liver Disease (CLD) (p=0.005), Diabetes Mellitus (DM) (p=0.001), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (p=0.007), Hypertension (HTN) (p=0.006), recurrent TB (p=0.001), and smoking (p=0.001). Conclusion: Increasing age, poverty, smoking history, and presence of comorbidities like DM, CLD, HIV, hypertension, and anemia are associated with higher mortality in smear positive PTB cases. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.919 How to cite this:Hameed S, Zuberi FF, Hussain S, Ali SK. Risk factors for mortality among inpatients with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.919 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Asymptomatic intestinal helminth co-infection among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in urban Surabaya: a preliminary study

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
Rifat Nurwita Kusumaningtyas ◽  
Indah Setyawati Tantular ◽  
Deby Kusumaningrum ◽  
Rina K Kusumaratna
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Few Data

BACKGROUNDPulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and East Java province is the second largest contributor of co-infection in Indonesia. Asymptomatic helminth infection among pulmonary tuberculosis patients causes another public health problem. Few data relate to helminth infection based on clinical and immunological outcomes of pulmonary TB in highly endemic areas. METHODSThis study was designed as a preliminary study and aimed to determine helminth co-infection among TB patients with a macroscopic assessment. This cross-sectional study was conducted in June-August 2017. RESULTSAmong 16 treated active TB patients from TB cohort data of Tanakali Kedinding health center found that 56% were stool smear-positive for Trichuris trichiura eggs, but had no clinical symptoms. CONCLUSIONWhether or not the helminth infection may have an impact on the diagnosis and treatment of active TB remains to be further investigated. Co-infection could be inhibited by the host immune response and improve the prognosis of TB treatment.

scholarly journals Thin-layer agar (TL7H11) for rapid isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum specimens

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Habiba Binte Alam ◽  
Md. Ruhul Amin Miah ◽  
Mostofa Kamal ◽  
Chandan Kumar Roy ◽  
Ahmed Abu Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
Mean Time

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the major causes of death from a single infectious agent worldwide. The early detection of new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis is an important goal in tuberculosis control program.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> 1n this study, thin layer agar (TLA) culture was compared with Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) culture for rapid detection of pulmonary tuberculosis.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> It was a cross sectional study conducted in National Tuberculosis Reference Labora­tory (NTRL) of National Institute of Disease of Chest and Hospital (NIDCH), Dhaka, from July 2010 to June 2011. A total of 100 sputum smear positive for acid fast bacilli (AFB) by Z-N staining, pulmonary tuberculosis patients were included in this study. Samples were processed by modified Petroff method and then cultured on thin layer 7H11(TL7H11) plates and L-J tubes. TL7H11 plates were observed microscopically for rnicrocolony growth once a week for 6 weeks, and L-J tubes were observed once a week for 8 weeks.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The recovery rates of mycobacteria on only TLA, only LJ and on both media were 90%, 97% and 88% respectively. Overall positivity was 99% in both L-J and TLA media. Mean time for detection of mycobacteria on TLA was 9.04±1.66 days compared to 21.78±6.19 days on L-J media. The rate of contamination was higher (6%) in L-J media than in TLA media (4%). <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The TL7H11 media can be used as an alternative to the Lowenstein-Jensen medium for early isolation of mycobacteria in resource constrained settings.</p>

scholarly journals Prevalence and Drug Resistance Patterns ofMycobacterium tuberculosisamong New Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Eastern Ethiopia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berhanu Seyoum ◽  
Meaza Demissie ◽  
Alemayehu Worku ◽  
Shiferaw Bekele ◽  
Abraham Aseffa
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistance Patterns

The study aimed at determining the prevalence and drug resistance patterns ofMycobacterium tuberculosisamong new smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients visiting TB diagnosis and treatment facilities at selected health facilities in eastern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2011 and May 2013. A total of 408 new adult pulmonary TB patients (≥ 18 years) were enrolled in this study. Three consecutive sputum samples (spot, morning, and spot) were collected from each patient and transported to the Armauer Hansen Research Institute TB laboratory located in Addis Ababa for culture on Lowenstein Jensen slant media. DST was performed on 357 (87.5%) of the patient samples for isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R), ethambutol (E), and streptomycin (S) using the standard proportion method. The rate of resistance to any one drug was 23%. Any resistance to H, S, R, and E was 14%, 11.5%, 2.8%, and 0.3%, respectively. The highest proportion of monoresistance was observed against H (9.5%). MDRTB was detected in 1.1% of the patients. Any drug resistance was associated with HIV infection (COR = 3.7, 95% CI 1.905–7.222) (P= 0.000). Although the prevalence of MDRTB is relatively low in the study area, high prevalence of H resistance is a serious concern demanding close monitoring. Expanding diagnostic capacity for mycobacterial culture and DST is a vital step in this regard.

scholarly journals Comparison of Xpert MTB/RIF Assay and the Conventional Sputum Microscopy in DetectingMycobacterium tuberculosisin Northern Thailand

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanokwan Pinyopornpanish ◽  
Romanee Chaiwarith ◽  
Chansom Pantip ◽  
Rassamee Keawvichit ◽  
Kanlaya Wongworapat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sputum Microscopy ◽  
Lower Specificity ◽  
Negative Sputum ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Background.Despite low sensitivity in detection ofMycobacterium tuberculosis, sputum acid-fast smear remains the main diagnostic method. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of Xpert MTB/RIF assay versus conventional sputum acid-fast smear.Materials and Methods.A cross-sectional study was conducted at Chiang Mai University Hospital, Thailand. Patients who were ≥15 years old and had clinically suspected pulmonary tuberculosis were included.Results.109 specimens from 57 patients were included. Using MGIT sputum culture as a reference standard, the sensitivity (SEN) and specificity (SPEC) for Xpert were 95.3% (95% CI, 84.2%, 99.4%) and 86.4% (95% CI, 75.7%, 93.6%). The SEN and SPEC for sputum acid-fast smear were 60.5% (95% CI, 44.4%, 75.0%) and 98.5% (95% CI, 91.8%, 100%). Xpert had significantly higher sensitivity (pvalue < 0.001) and lower specificity (pvalue = 0.022) than sputum acid-fast smear. Among 43 culture-provenM. tuberculosisspecimens, sensitivity of Xpert was 100% (95% CI, 86.7%, 100%) in acid-fast positive smears (n=26) and 88.2% (95% CI, 63.5%, 98.5%) in acid-fast negative smears (n=17).Conclusions.The good sensitivity and specificity of Xpert assay in detectingM. tuberculosisfrom sputum specimens may help in early diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, particularly among patients who had acid-fast negative sputum smear.

scholarly journals SEROPREVALENCE OF HIV INFECTION IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS.

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
K.G.R. Mallan ◽  
A. Fathahudeen ◽  
Manjula V.D.
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Elimination Programme ◽  
Kerala State

Aim : To Determine the seroprevalence of Human immunodeficiency virus infection among Pulmonary Tuberculosis patients in a tertiary care teaching institution, in Ernakulam district of Kerala state in India. Methods : Study was conducted in Respiratory medicine department and integrated counselling and testing centre (ICTC) of Government Medical College, Ernakulam With approval of IEC after getting written informed consent , a cross sectional study was conducted among 384 pulmonary TB patients who were registered under the National TB elimination Programme (RNTCP). Result :The prevalence of HIV among study population was 1.3 %. There was no gender difference while the highest age group less than 30 followed by 30-60. The major respiratory pathology among study subjects was consolidation (42.7%) followed by fibrosis(25.3%).Consolidation was a predominant presenting pathology seen in female pulmonary TB patients.The sensitivity of sputum smear against CBNAAT was 60.4% and specificity was 83%. Conclusion : The prevalence is low compared with the national average of 3 to 3.4 % HIV co infection among Tuberculosis patients during the study period.

scholarly journals Utility of Bronchoalveolar Lavage in the Diagnosis of Sputum Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Subodh Sagar Dhakal ◽  
Ashmita Neupane ◽  
Shatdal Chaudhary ◽  
Navin Mishra ◽  
Damber Bdr Karki
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fibreoptic Bronchoscopy ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acid Fast Bacilli ◽  
Smear Negative

INTRODUCTION: Sputum smear examination for acid fast bacilli (AFB) by Ziehl-Neelsen stain (ZN stain) is the initial approach to the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). But 50% of the cases are reported to be sputum smear negative. This study was aimed to investigate the diagnostic yield of fibreoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) guided bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in patients suspected to have tuberculosis. The sample was tested for Mycobacterium tuberculosis using the XpertMTB/RIF assay, which is a new test that detects Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and resistance to rifampin in less than two hours. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a prospective cross sectional study carried out on 58 sputum smear negative patients who were clinically suspected to have pulmonary tuberculosis from April 2017 to January 2019. All patients are subjected to FOB, BAL and BAL specimens were stained for AFB and also sent for Xpert (MTB)/RIF. RESULTS: Among 58 patients enrolled for the study 26 patients were positive for acid fast bacilli (AFB) through BAL stain and Xpert (MTB)/RIF combined. CONCLUSION: FOB guided BAL is a reliable, alternative and rapid method for diagnosing smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis with minimal complications.

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