scholarly journals Distrubution of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase and AMPC-β Lactamase Among Bacteria Isolated From Urine Samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Bishal Shrestha ◽  
Jyoti Acharya ◽  
Jyoti Chhetri ◽  
Krishna Gurung ◽  
Mamita Khaling Rai
Keyword(s):  
Culture Technique ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Disease Hospital ◽  
Tract Infections

This study was designed to determine the distribution of bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) at Sukrararj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital (STIDH) with special reference to ESBL, ABL and the co-existence of the phenotype (ESBL and ABL in the population of different uropathogens. Urine samples from 500 patients suspected of UTI were analyzed by conventional semi-quantitative culture technique. The antimicrobial susceptibility to various drugs was studied by the Modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, by following the ClSI guidelines. Confirmation of the extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC β-lactamase production was done by the phenotypic confirmatory disc diffusion test (PCDDT) and the AmpC disk test (ADT). Overall, the prevalence of ESBL and ABL and the co-existence of the phenotype (ESBL and ABL) in urinary isolates were found to be 39.22%, 15.69% and 5.88%. The implementation of appropriate infection control measures and the formulation of an antibiotic policy must be done, to prevent the spread of these strains. Key words: MDR, ESBLs. AmpC β-lactamase

scholarly journals Comprehensive study of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) prevalence in bacteria isolated from urine samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Javad Gharavi ◽  
Javad Zarei ◽  
Parisa Roshani-Asl ◽  
Zahra Yazdanyar ◽  
Masoud Sharif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum

AbstractNowadays, increasing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria have become a global concern because of inducing resistance toward most of the antimicrobial classes and making the treatment difficult. In order to achieve an appropriate treatment option, identification of the prevalent species which generate ESBL as well as their antibiotic susceptibility pattern is essential worldwide. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria and assess their drug susceptibility in Fardis Town, Iran. A total of 21,604 urine samples collected from patients suspected to have urinary tract infection (UTI) were processed in the current study. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was tested by the disk diffusion method. The ESBL producing bacteria were determined by Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) procedure. Bacterial growth was detected in 1408 (6.52%) cases. The most common bacterial strains causing UTI were found E. coli (72.16%), followed by K. pneumoniae (10.3%) and S. agalactiae (5.7%). Overall, 398 (28.26%) were ESBL producer. The highest ESBL production was observed in E. coli, followed by Klebsiella species. ESBL producers revealed a higher level of antibiotic resistance compared with non-ESBLs. In conclusion, ESBL production in uropathogens was relatively high. Carbapenems and Aminoglycosides were confirmed as the most effective treatment options for these bacteria.

Prevalence of SHV-extended spectrum β-lactamase producing carbapenem –resistantKlebsiellapneumoniae among patients with lower respiratory tractinfections in Babylon Province-Iraq.

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Moeen Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Positive Results

This study was carried out to screen the prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients with lower respiratory tract infections in Babylon province.From December,2015 to the end of March,2016,a total of 100 sputum samples were collected from patients visited or hospitalized Merjan Teaching Hospital and Al- Hashimya General Hospital. Fifteenth (65%) isolates were identified as Klebsiellapneumoniae. All bacterial isolates were evaluated for extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production phenotypically using disk combination method. Eleven (73.3%) isolates were detected as ESBL-producers. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was employed to determine resistance profile of ESBLs-positive isolates. Higher rates of resistance were observed for ampicillin and piperacillin antibiotics with (81.8%) and (72.7%) resistance rate, respectively, while the lowest rate was noticed for imipenem antibiotic (14.28%). Carbapenem-resistant isolates were investigated for blaSHV gene by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method, 2 (100%) isolates gave positive results.

scholarly journals Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Production in Uropathogens Isolated from Hospitalized Patients with Chronic Pyelonephritis

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga I Chub ◽  
Aleksandr V Bilchenko ◽  
Igor Khalin
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Chronic Pyelonephritis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Tract Infections

Background : Increased multidrug resistance of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) compromises the efficacy of treatment of urinary tract infections. Objective : The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing uropathogens from hospitalized patients with chronic pyelonephritis and to identify the presence of genes involved in the resistance. Methods : A cross-sectional study of 105 patients with chronic pyelonephritis, treated in Kharkiv City Clinical Emergency Hospital, Ukraine was carried. Bacterial isolates were collected, antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was determined by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and screening for the presence of blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX-M ESBL genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Results : 84 (80%) patients had positive urine cultures. Eschеrichia coli wаs the most common microorganism isolated. Among them, 29 (25.2%) were found to be ESBL producers. Out of 53 E. coli isolates, 10 (18.9%), 4 (7.5%) and 6 (11.3%) were identified to carry bla(TEM), bla(SHV) and bla(CTX-M) beta-lactamase genes, respectively. The highest resistance was observed against ampicillin (75.9%), ciprofloxacin (48.3%), levofloxacin (41.4%) and gentamicin (41.4%). Beside this, only meropenem (96.6% susceptibility), nitroxolinum (86.2%) and fosfomycin (72.4%) exhibited a good enough activity against ESBLs-producing urinary strains. Conclusion : Isоlation and detеction of ESBL-prоducing strаins are еssential fоr the sеlection оf the mоst effеctive antibiоtic for the empiric trеatment.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases Producing Escherichia Coli Isolated from Outpatients with Urinary Tract Infections in Babol, Northern of Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Mana Baziboroun ◽  
Masomeh Bayani ◽  
Zahra Poormontaseri ◽  
Mehran Shokri ◽  
Tahmineh Biazar
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
North Of Iran ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractReceived 08 November 2017 Accepted 15 February 2018 The incidence of community-acquired UTIs due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli isolates, has increased worldwide and is considered a great problem in the treatment of infections. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL producing E. coli isolates in urine samples of outpatients in Babol, North of Iran. A total of 3 699 urine samples from outpatients referred to Yahyanejad Hospital, Babol, Iran, were collected during 15 months, from March 2016 to June 2017. The samples were processed for bacterial culture using conventional methods, while antimicrobial susceptibility testing for E. coli isolates was performed by the disc diffusion method. The prevalence of ESBL producing E. coli isolates were assessed by Double-Disc tests. Of 3699 tested sample, 201 samples showed the growth of pathogens and among them, 106 isolates (52/7%) were E. coli. The rate of ESBL producing E. coli isolates was 25/4%.The majority (81/5%) of the isolates were from females. High percent resistance was found against ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefixime and ciprofloxacin, ranging from 61-100%, while the highest percent susceptibility was seen to meropenem, piperacillin- tazobactam (100%), followed by nitrofurantoin and amikacin (91%). The high prevalence of ESBL producing E. coli isolates from outpatients calls for the need to aware of this increasing resistance between uropathogens and update bacterial susceptibility data and to set up our empirical therapy accordingly.

scholarly journals Virulence genes and antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients in the Northwestern of Morocco

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 892-898
Author(s):  
Chaimae Elmouaden ◽  
Amin Laglaoui ◽  
Latifa Ennanei ◽  
Mohammed Bakkali ◽  
Mohammed Abid
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
High Level

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an ubiquitous bacterium causes various community-acquired and nosocomial infections. In this investigation, we aimed to screen the antibiotic susceptibility patterns and the prevalence of virulence factor genes in a set of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from nosocomial and community-acquired infections in the Northwestern of Morocco. Methodology: A total of 155 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were collected (January 2015 - December 2016) from nosocomial and community-acquired infections at hospital centers and clinical laboratories in the Northwestern of Morocco. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by the standard disk diffusion method. In addition, PCR assays were used for screening five virulence encoding genes (lasB, algD, plcH, exoA, and exoS). Results: Our results revealed that high level of antimicrobial resistance was detected towards aztreonam (27.1%) followed by meropenem (14.2%). The resistance to imipenem was significantly higher in strains isolated from nosocomial infections (12.7%) than strains isolated from community-acquired infections (1.5%). The results highlighted that lasB (98.7%) and exoS (98.7%) were the most frequent virulence genes. Conclusions: This survey provides data about phenotypic and genotypic properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa emerged in the Northwestern of Morocco. It could be helpful for the health workers to improve infection control measures and to establish a surveillance system.

scholarly journals Frequency and susceptibility pattern of uropathogenic Enterobacteriaceae isolated from patients in Algiers, Algeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 244-249
Author(s):  
Abdelhakim Aouf ◽  
Taha Gueddi ◽  
Bilal Djeghout ◽  
Houria Ammari
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
A Prospective Study

Introduction: The frequency of Enterobacteriaceae involved in urinary tract infections (UTI) has increased significantly since the early 1990s, particularly in at-risk facilities such as resuscitation, surgery, urology and nephrology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae causing urinary tract infections (UTIs)at the University Hospital Centre of Benimessous in Algiers. Methodology: The study was designed as a retrospective study (between January 1st 2010 and December 31st 2012) and a prospective study (between January 1standApril 30th 2013) on 13,611 urine samples. Antimicrobial resistance phenotyping was conducted on the bacterial isolates using disk-diffusion method. Results: On 13,611 urine samples analysed, 1,790 (13.15%) fulfilled the criteria for urinary tract infection. Enterobacteriaceae were identified in 1,561 analysed samples (87%). Escherichia coli was the dominant uropathogen (66,15%) in both hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients. The other main detected Enterobacteriaceae members were Klebsiella pneumoniae (11,96%) and Proteus mirabilis (5,42%). Analysis of results showed also that women were more prone to UTI than men with sex ratio of 3.76(W/M). The susceptibilities of isolated Enterobacteriaceae to antibiotics revealed that they had acquired resistance to several classes, particularly toward β-lactams. Resistance frequencies were relatively high to ampicillin and sulfomethoxasole, while being very low to aminoglycosides and furans. Results obtained revealed also that 7% of isolates where resistant to third generation cephalosporins by production of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL). Conclusions: The continuous monitoring of antibiotic resistance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli is crucial to guide the clinician to choose the best empiric treatment.

scholarly journals Determination of Susceptibility to Fosfomycin and Tigecycline of Enterobacteriaceae, ParticularlyEscherichia coliIsolates, Producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases from Multiple Regional Canadian Hospitals

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. e80-e82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlee Beuk ◽  
Christian Hill ◽  
Sue Whitehead ◽  
Edith Blondel-Hill ◽  
Ken Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Health Region ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Tract Infections

BACKGROUND: The worldwide spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae, particularlyEscherichia coli,has significantly limited therapeutic options, especially for urinary tract infections. Although limited in their indications, fosfomycin and tigecycline are potential agents to treat infections due to ESBL-producing organisms. Although not routinely performed, susceptibility testing to both is necessary to ensure there is not an increase in resistance.METHODS: A total of 160 isolates of ESBL-producingE coliwere isolated from patients at multiple regional hospitals in the Interior Health Region of British Columbia from June 2009 to January 2012. Isolates were obtained from various body fluids and sites including urine (78.2%), wounds, blood, gall bladder drain and respiratory specimens. All isolates were tested using the E-test method (Etest, bioMérieux, France) for tigecycline and Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method for fosfomycin using European Committee of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing breakpoints for tigecycline and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute zone sizes for fosfomycin.RESULTS: All 160 isolates were found to be susceptible to tigecycline, while five isolates (3.1%) were resistant to fosfomycin (four resistant, one intermediate).CONCLUSION: Although resistance to these antibiotics has previously been reported, the present study confirmed that isolates of ESBL-producingE colifrom the Interior Health Region of British Columbia remain highly susceptible to both tigecycline and fosfomycin.

scholarly journals Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae among asymptomatic Out-patients in a University Health Centre

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
AM Deji-Agboola ◽  
OR Olaosebikan ◽  
E Adenipekun ◽  
OA Osinupebi ◽  
FA Olajubu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Asymptomatic Carriage ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Background: Asymptomatic carriage and spread of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBLs)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the community are potential risk factors for transmission of infection. Objective: To determine the prevalence of ESBL resistant genes in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from asymptomatic out-patients. Methods: Using a questionnaire, demographic information, medical history, previous hospitalization and antibiotics used were obtained. Stool and urine samples were collected from 350 participants, cultured, and the susceptibility of the isolates to antibiotics and ESBL production were determined using the disk diffusion method. ESBL genes such as blaTEM, blaCTX, and blaSHV were identified using the Polymerase Chain Reaction.   Results: Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pnuemoniae were identified from the stool samples (256; 69.9% and 89; 24.4% respectively) and urine samples (15; 4.1% and 6; 1.6% respectively). The isolates were susceptible to imipenem  (330; 90.6%) and nitrofurantoin (307; 80.4%), most of the isolates were resistant to fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides while all the isolates were resistant to ampicillin. The prevalence of ESBL was 29 (8.3%) and was observed in Escherichia coli (19; 7.0%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (11; 12.0%), including a dual carriage. The ESBL carriers were resistant to the cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides. CTX-M (20; 66.7%), TEM (14; 46.7%), CTX-M and TEM genes co-existed in 9 (30.0%) while no SHV gene was detected in the isolates. Age, sex, prior hospitalization and antibiotics use did not predispose to ESBL carriage. Conclusion: Asymptomatic carriage of ESBL producing enterobacteria in the participants indicates that they can serve as a reservoir of the gene encoding for antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Non-antibiotic compounds affecting the growth of urinary pathogens during urine culture: a preliminary in vitro study

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-191
Author(s):  
Márió Gajdács
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Subtilis Atcc

Introduction: Urine samples are one of the most frequently submitted samples for culture to clinical microbiology laboratories, exceeding the number of most of the other clinical sample types. Various non-antibiotic pharmaceutical compounds may have inhibitory properties on bacteria, as many of these agents accumlate in/eliminated through urine. Methods: Sixty (n=60) pharmacological agents were tested during our experiments. Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603 (ESBL-producing) and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 were the bacterial strains utilized in this study. Detection of inhibitory activity among the tested compounds was performed on Mueller-Hinton plates, using disk diffusion method. Results: Nineteen (n=19) compounds presented with various levels of inhibitory activity on the tested bacterial strains (four compounds for K. pneumoniae, seven compounds on E. coli and sixteen compounds on S. aureus). The compounds showed the highest levels of inhibitory activity on B. subtilis ATCC 6633, which is one of the main bacterial strains used for the screening of the ’intrinsic’ antibacterial activity of urine. Conclusion: Our results suggest that further experiments, involving additional pharmacological agents is warranted, to establish the full extent of their influence on the appropriate culture of urine samples.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Gram-negative Uropathogens Isolated in Public Hospital Establishment «Saad Guermech Saoudi Amar Hmaida» Skikda-Algeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Mohamed Sabri Khelfaoui ◽  
Rayane Zeroug ◽  
Maroua Yousfi ◽  
Bouchra Satha
Keyword(s):  
Public Hospital ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a serious world-wide health problem whose treatment becomes highly difficult due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. Aims: Herein, a retrospective study was conducted with the aim to determine the prevalence, the identification of the bacteria responsible of UTIs, and the antimicrobial resistance profile. Study Design: All Patient samples, including either external samples or samples taken from patients admitted to Public Hospital Establishment “Saad Guermech Saoudi Amar Hmaida” in Skikda-Algeria were used in this study for a period extending from January 2018 – March 2020. Methodology: The identification of bacterial strains and the antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out using Analytical Profile index galleries (API) system and disk diffusion method. Results: Among the 1203 samples, 206 (17.12%) were positive, and 997 (82.88%) were negative for bacterial growth. Regarding the pathogenic strains, 26 (12.62%), and 180 (87.38%) were found respectively, Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. Among the 180 Gram negative strains, 104 (57.83%) were reported in female patients, 68 (37.72%) were in male patients, and 8 (4.45%) whose gender was not mentioned. The most representative Gram-negative strains are Escherichia coli (E. coli) (43.33%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) (13.33%), Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) (7.77%), Enterobacter sp (E. sp) (6.66%), since the other strains were less frequent. Moreover, 6 bacterial strains belonging to 3 genera (Escherichia, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter) were ESBLs producers with an overall prevalence of 3.33% of pathogenic strains isolated from urine. ESBLs were produced in 4.00%, 5.88%, and 6.25% of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and E. cloacae strains respectively. Conclusion: E. coli was found to be the most predominant strain, while most of the Gram- negative strains were highly resistant to Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, Ampicillin, penicillin and tobramycin.

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