scholarly journals A Comparative Study on Community Based DOTS service and Health Institution Based DOTS service among TB Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Subash Baral ◽  
Shraddha Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Institution ◽  
Patient’S Satisfaction ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Directly Observed Treatment ◽  
The Government

Tuberculosis (TB) is the most problematic and highly prevalent communicable disease affecting about one-third of the world’s population and debilitating pulmonary (PTB) infection today. In spite of all these efforts by the government of Nepal, many people still die every year and transferring the disease to the healthy person. The new approach for the effective treatment of tuberculosis has been introduced i.e. Community Based Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (CB-DOTS) which provides training to community health workers to increase awareness, detection, and treatment of TB and bring services directly to the homes of those at risk for infection and those who are infected. The aim of this study was to compare availability, accessibility, compliance and satisfaction between CB-DOTS service and health institution based DOTS (HI-DOTS) service among TB patients. A cross sectional study was carried out in Kaski and Tanahun district in 2014. Census was conducted for the TB patients who are registered during 6 months in the community based DOTS with same number and same time period, that had been enrolled in DOTS from health institution were chosen. The collected data was entered in EPI-DATA and analyzed by using the software SPSS-16. In HI-DOTS the average traveling time to get TB drugs is ≤ 30 minutes for 56.8 percent respondents and in CB-DOTS majority of the respondents; 90.9 percent have to travel ≤ 30 minutes. In HI-DOTS majority; 84.1 percent were dissatisfied and only 15.9 percent were satisfied. Just opposite to this, majority (81.8%) of respondents utilizing CB-DOTS service were satisfied and only 18.2 percent were dissatisfied. There is highly significant association between the patient's satisfaction and two different DOTS services (p<0.001). CB-DOTS service approach shows its better effectiveness in availability, accessibility, compliance and patient's satisfaction aspects. CB-DOTS is a viable option and can complement and strengthen the existing HI-DOTS, especially in developing countries like Nepal where the health system is overwhelmed with increasing number of TB patients and high TB related deaths. Key words: Community Based Directly Observed Treatment Short Course, Availability, Accessibility, Satisfaction

scholarly journals Nonadherence to tuberculosis treatment and associated factors among patients using directly observed treatment short-course in north-west Nigeria: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212198949
Author(s):  
Cylia Nkechi Iweama ◽  
Olaoluwa Samson Agbaje ◽  
Prince Christian Ifeanachor Umoke ◽  
Chima Charles Igbokwe ◽  
Eyuche Lawretta Ozoemena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medication Nonadherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
North West ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Directly Observed Treatment

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a public health problem in Nigeria. One of the most effective ways of controlling tuberculosis is the directly observed treatment short-course. However, some factors influence tuberculosis patients’ treatment nonadherence via directly observed treatment short-course. The study objective was to assess medication nonadherence and associated factors among tuberculosis patients in north-west Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled tuberculosis patients using directly observed treatment short-course in public health facilities in Kano and Kaduna States from January 2015 to June 2016. The sample selection was conducted via a multistage sampling procedure. Data were collected using tuberculosis patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics forms, well-validated structured instruments, and medical records. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis. Logistic and multivariable logistic regression analyses to determine factors of medication nonadherence ( P < 0.05) Results: Complete responses from 390 patients out of the 460 patients recruited for the study were used for data analyses. The mean age was 51.5 (standard deviation = ±13.8) years. The mean tuberculosis medication adherence questionnaire score was 4.35 ± 1.12. The prevalence of nonadherence to tuberculosis medication was 30.5%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that having a monthly income between #100,000 and #199, 000 (adjusted odds ratio = 0.01; 95% confidence interval: 0.00–0.13), being widowed (adjusted odds ratio = 26.74, 95% confidence interval: 2.92–232.9), being married (adjusted odds ratio = 120.49, 95% confidence interval: 5.38–271.1), having a distance <5 km to directly observed treatment short-course center from home (adjusted odds ratio = 0.06, 95% confidence interval: 0.00–0.01), having a tuberculosis/HIV co-infection (adjusted odds ratio = 0.01, 95% confidence interval: 0.12–0.35), use of antiretroviral treatment and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis therapy medications (adjusted odds ratio = 24.9, 95% confidence interval: 19.6–304.3) were associated with tuberculosis medication nonadherence. Conclusion: Tuberculosis medication nonadherence was high among the patients. Thus, patient-specific adherence education, attenuation of potential factors for tuberculosis medication nonadherence, and continual resource support for tuberculosis patients are needed to improve treatment outcomes.

scholarly journals Is over-reporting a problem in mandatory communicable disease reporting? The taiwanese experience on Enterovirus 71

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1294-1300
Author(s):  
Tseng Chu-Chun ◽  
Yang Che-Ming
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Accuracy Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Systems Methodology ◽  
Disease Reporting ◽  
Enteroviral Infection ◽  
District Hospitals ◽  
The Government

Introduction: In Taiwan, severe enteroviral infections must be reported to the government within 24 hours to ensure that severe enterovirus 71 (EV71) infections can be detected early. The objective of this research was to ascertain whether over-reporting is a problem in mandatory disease-reporting systems. Methodology: A multiyear cross-sectional study methodology was applied based on secondary data analyses. Data from the national notifiable communicable disease surveillance system of Taiwan Centers for Disease Control were analyzed to assess the trends and factors influencing reporting accuracy. Results: From July 1999 to December 2008, 2,611 cases of severe enteroviral infection were reported in Taiwan. Among these cases, 1,516 were confirmed to be EV71 cases, and the remaining 1,095 were confirmed to be non-EV71 infections. The overall accuracy rate was 58%. The accuracy rate was 60%–70% higher during epidemics (2000–2002, 2005, and 2008) and high seasons than it was in other seasons. The accuracy rate was highest among medical centers and lowest among district hospitals. Conclusions: The results indicated that reports are more accurate during high seasons and peak years than during other periods. This might be attributable to the adequate level of specific educational programs for professionals when more cases occur, which could facilitate identification. Based on experiences in Taiwan, optimal training can ensure that surveillance systems are not inundated by false-positive reports.

scholarly journals Prevalence of eczema among older persons: A population-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Vijayan Neena ◽  
Neelakandhan Asokan ◽  
Rajany Jose ◽  
A. Sarin
Keyword(s):  
Older Persons ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lichen Simplex Chronicus

Background: There are very few population-based studies on the prevalence of eczema among older persons Aims: To estimate the prevalence and types of eczema in those aged 65 years or more in the community and to evaluate the effectiveness of community-based interventions for case finding. Methods: In the first stage of this cross-sectional survey, trained health workers of a non-governmental organization surveyed the eligible population and identified persons likely to have eczema. In the second stage, dermatologists examined such persons to ascertain the diagnosis. Statistical analysis was done using Epi Info software version 7. Prevalence of eczema was expressed in percentages. Chi-square test was used for comparing the difference in prevalence of eczema in various age groups and sex. Results: Health workers identified 98 persons as possible cases of eczema after interviewing 385 older persons in the community. Among them 95 persons were examined by dermatologists and 44 were confirmed to have eczema (diagnostic accuracy of health workers = 46.3%).Point prevalence of eczema was 11.4% (44/385). Prevalence was similar in males and females. It was greater (18.2 %) among persons aged 81 years or more. Asteatotic eczema, gravitational eczema and lichen simplex chronicus were the more common types of eczema. Limitations: Possible underestimation of the prevalence rates due to limited medical knowledge of health workers; limited facilities for examination and investigations at the medical camps and home visits. Conclusion: There appears to be a considerable burden of eczema among older persons in the community. A community-based approach involving non-governmental organizations has the potential to identify cases and offer care close to their homes.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENYEBAB KONVERSI BAKTERI TAHAN ASAM NEGATIF PADA PENGOBATAN TUBERKULOSA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Diah Hermayanti
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Directly Observed Treatment

Latar belakang : Pengendalian TBC di Indonesia, dilaksanakan dengan strategi Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS). Prinsip pengobatan TBC strategi DOTS menggunakan obat anti tuberkulosa (OAT) yang diberikan dalam bentuk kombinasi dari beberapa jenis, dalam jumlah cukup, dan dosis tepat selama 6 – 8 bulan. Penderita dikategorikkan sebagai kasus konversi BTA negatif bila dalam pemeriksaan ulangan BTA masih dijumpai kuman BTA positif dalam sputumnya.Tujuan : mengeksplorasi lebih lanjut faktor-faktor yang diduga dapat menyebabkan terjadinya konversi BTA negatif pada akhirmasa intensif pengobatan dan pada penderita dengan kategori gagal. Metode : Penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan pendekatan studi cross sectional, yang dilakukan di Poli Puskesmas Kedung Kandang Malang. Hasil penelitian : didapatkan 4 penderita yang masuk kriteria konversi BTA negatif dengan pendidikan 75% SD dan 25% SMP; status gizi berdasarkan IMT 75% termasuk kriteria kurus; 100% taat berobat; dan pada semua pemeriksaan kultur sputum tidak dijumpai pertumbuhan kuman. Kesimpulan : Status sosial ekonomi dan status gizi penderita TBC dengan konversi BTA negatif adalah rendah, namun kepatuhannya berobat cukup tinggi. Resistensi kuman TBC terhadap OAT program jangka pendek pada penelitian tidak dapat dievaluasi oleh karena tidak ada pertumbuhan kuman pada semua sampel sputum penderita.Kata kunci : DOTS, OAT, BTA, Konversi negative

scholarly journals PERILAKU PENGGUNAAN ALAT PELINDUNG DIRI DAN PENULARAN PENYAKIT KULIT PADA PETUGAS TPS DI KECAMATAN SAWAHAN SURABAYA

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Rusmini
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
The Government

ABSTRAKPetugas TPS atau petugas pengangkut sampah merupakan pekerja yang setiap harinya mengambil atau mengangkut sampah dari rumah ke rumah untuk dikumpulkan kemudian di pilah-pilah di TPS dan akan dikirimkan ke tempat pembuangan yang lebih besar yaitu Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA). Sepanjang hari petugas TPS bekerja dengan sampah sehingga membuat mereka mempunyai risiko tinggi terkena penularan penyakit kulit, baik yang memiliki efek secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi resiko terkena penularan penyakit kulit adalah dengan menggunakan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) Kurangnya kesadaran, kepatuhan dan informasi tentang risiko bahaya, sebagian dari mereka tidak tidak menggunakan APD. APD yang kurang lengkap dapat memungkinkan kontak langsung dengan sampah sehingga mengakibatkan terjadinya gangguan kesehatan salah satunya yaitu menyebabkan penularan penyakit kulit. Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik korelasi dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Data diuji dengan Spearman rank test. Pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi, wawancara dan kuesioner. Peneliti menggunakan metode total sampling. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan p=0.00 (α<0.05) dan r=0.761, sehingga terdapat hubungan yang kuat antara perilaku pemakaian APD dengan penularan penyakit kulit pada petugas TPS. Oleh sebab itu, diharapkan program pemerintah dan petugas kesehatan dapat mendukung penggunaan APD sebagai upaya preventif terhadap penularan penyakit kulit pada petugas TPS.Kata kunci : sampah, petugas TPS, alat pelindung diri (APD), penularan penyakit kulitABSTRACTA garbage worker who take or hauling garbage from house to house and collected and then sorted into the TPS every day and will be sent to landfills larger is the final disposal (landfill). Throughout the day poll workers working with litter so as to make them have a higher risk of skin disease transmission, both of which have the effect of directly or indirectly. One effort that can be done to reduce the risk of skin disease transmission is to use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Lack of awareness, compliance and information about the risk of harm, some of them not using PPE. APD incomplete can allow direct contact with garbage, which causes health problems one of which causes the skin disease transmission. This type of research is an analytic correlation with cross-sectional approach. Data were tested with Spearman rank test. The collection of data by means of observation, interviews and questionnaires. Researchers used total sampling method. Statistical analysis showed p = 0.00 (α <0,05) and r = 0.761, so there is a strong relationship between the behavior of the use of PPE with the skin disease transmission at the polling station officials. Therefore, it is expected the government programs and health workers can support the use of PPE as a preventative measure against the spread of skin disease at polling station officials.Keywords: garbage, garbage workers, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), skin disease transmission. DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT PDF >>

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PERSEPSI IBU BALITA TENTANG POSYANDU DENGAN PEMANFAATAN POSYANDU MAWAR 2 RW 06 KEBAGUSAN JAKARTA SELATAN TAHUN 2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alifa Dinda Septifani ◽  
Apriningsih Apriningsih
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Posyandu was one manifestation of Health Efforts on Community Based (UKBM). Based on data Posyandu Mawar 2 in February 2015 there were a decreased number of mothers’s visit from 81.25% to 62.5%, so the researchers wanted to know about association of the mother’s perception with the utilization of The Posyandu. This research used cross sectional study design using total sampling (80 mothers). Data collection was done by direct interviews based on the questionnaire and analyzed using Chi Square. The result there’s a significant association between mother’ss perception of the distance to the utilization of Posyandu RW 06 Posyandu Mawar 2 Kebagusan South Jakarta and there’s no significant relationship between education, employment and the knowledge and mothers’perceptions about the completeness of facilities, the attitude of cadres and the presence of health workers. Suggestions for Posyandu is to increase  of  mother’confident to visit Posyandu

A sustainable community based model of non-communicable disease risk factor surveillance: “SHRADDHA-JAGRITHI project” (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaideep Menon ◽  
Mathews Numpeli ◽  
Sajeev.P. Kunjan ◽  
Beena.V. Karimbuvayilil ◽  
Aswathy Sreedevi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Frontline Health Workers ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

UNSTRUCTURED Abstract: India has a massive non-communicable disease (NCD) burden at an enormous cost to the individual, family, society and health system at large, in spite of which prevention and surveillance is relatively neglected. Risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease if diagnosed early and treated adequately would help decrease the mortality and morbidity burden. India is in a stage of rapid epidemiological transition with the state of Kerala being at the forefront, pointing us towards likely disease burden and outcomes for the rest of the country, in the future. A previous study done by the same investigators, in a population of >100,000, revealed poor awareness and treatment of NCDs and also poor adherence to medicines in individuals with CVD. The investigators are looking at a sustainable, community based model of surveillance for NCDs with corporate support wherein frontline health workers check all individuals in the target group ( > age 30 years) with further follow up and treatment planned in a “spoke and hub” model using the public health system of primary health centres (PHCs) as spokes to the hubs of Taluk or District hospitals. All data entry done by frontline health workers would be on a Tab PC ensuring rapid acquisition and transfer of participant health details to PHCs for further follow up and treatment. The model will be evaluated based on the utilisation rate of various services offered at all tier levels. The proportions of the target population screened, eligible individuals who reached the spoke or hub centres for risk stratification and care and community level control for hypertension and diabetes in annual surveys will be used as indicator variables. The model ensures diagnosis and follow up treatment at no cost to the individual entirely through the tiered public health system of the state and country.

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