scholarly journals Non-dimensional method of capacity limit states for the assessment of the safety level in the structures of large panel buildings.

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Piotr BIERANOWSKI ◽  
Adam BARYŁKA
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Method ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Vertical Reinforcement ◽  
Capacity Limit ◽  
Large Panel ◽  
Computer Research ◽  
Construction Model

In the article deals with the European safety issues of large-panel buildings from the point of view of exceeding the ULS. The proprietary assessment method was proposed under the name: Dimensional Limit States Method, which is dedicated to the assessment of the safety level in the structures of large-panel buildings. The work was based on many years of computer research conducted by the author. In the paper uses the proprietary  construction model of the Wk-70 system building, presents the results for vertical reinforcement inserts.

Anti-Collision Risk Assessment Method Based on Relevance Vector Machine

2013 ◽  
Vol 387 ◽  
pp. 341-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Lin Cui ◽  
Xu Sheng Gan ◽  
Ya Rong Wu ◽  
Hai Long Gao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Relevance Vector Machine ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Collision Risk ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Assessment Index ◽  
Novel Structure

In order to improve the safety level of aircraft anti-collision, an anti-collision risk assessment methods based on Relevance Vector Machine (RVM) is proposed. First, RVM learning under Bayesian framework is introduced as well as its basic principle and modeling process, and then on the basis of system point of view an anti-collision risk assessment index system is established, finally, on this basis, RVM assessment model for aircraft anti-collision risk is constructed. It can adaptively adjust the weights of influence factors without analyzing the relationship between various factors in the system. Examples show that, for anti-collision risk assessment, RVM has a novel structure and convenient application, and the result can reflect the actual safety situation.

scholarly journals Absolute mortality risk assessment of COVID-19 patients: the Khorshid COVID Cohort (KCC) study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza Marateb ◽  
Maja von Cube ◽  
Ramin Sami ◽  
Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard ◽  
Marjan Mansourian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Statistical Point ◽  
Hazard Regression ◽  
Risk Assessment Method ◽  
Discharge From Hospital

Abstract Background Already at hospital admission, clinicians require simple tools to identify hospitalized COVID-19 patients at high risk of mortality. Such tools can significantly improve resource allocation and patient management within hospitals. From the statistical point of view, extended time-to-event models are required to account for competing risks (discharge from hospital) and censoring so that active cases can also contribute to the analysis. Methods We used the hospital-based open Khorshid COVID Cohort (KCC) study with 630 COVID-19 patients from Isfahan, Iran. Competing risk methods are used to develop a death risk chart based on the following variables, which can simply be measured at hospital admission: sex, age, hypertension, oxygen saturation, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. The area under the receiver operator curve was used to assess accuracy concerning discrimination between patients discharged alive and dead. Results Cause-specific hazard regression models show that these baseline variables are associated with both death, and discharge hazards. The risk chart reflects the combined results of the two cause-specific hazard regression models. The proposed risk assessment method had a very good accuracy (AUC = 0.872 [CI 95%: 0.835–0.910]). Conclusions This study aims to improve and validate a personalized mortality risk calculator based on hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The risk assessment of patient mortality provides physicians with additional guidance for making tough decisions.

The Ontario bridge code—Development and implementation

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 824-832
Author(s):  
R. A. Dorton
Keyword(s):  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Safety Index ◽  
Design Code ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
New Development ◽  
Live Loads ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Correct Understanding ◽  
Short Time

The Ontario Highway Bridge Design Code was first issued in 1979 and has since been used for the design and evaluation of most bridges in Ontario. The code is in metric SI units, written in a limit states format, and calibrated to a target safety index value of 3.5. It has produced bridges with a more consistent safety level and capable of carrying design live loads twice those previously prescribed. Feedback from users was obtained and their concerns considered in formulating the provisions of the seeond edition in 1983. New bridge codes can be written in a short time and implemented most readily within a relatively small jurisdiction having control of all highways, bridges, and vehicles. Communications between the writers and potential users are important throughout the preparation and implementation phases. It is essential that a commentary volume be issued with a code to ensure correct understanding and interpretation of new provisions. Computer programs should be available, incorporating the code technology before the use of a new code becomes mandatory. Future code needs and likely areas of new development are outlined in the paper. Key words: calibration, codes, computer systems, highway bridges, loadings, safety, structures.

scholarly journals Determination of ASI and THIV parameters based on the results of experimental and numerical research in relation to EU standards

2021 ◽  
Vol 338 ◽  
pp. 01025
Author(s):  
Michał Stopel
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Sign ◽  
Numerical Research ◽  
Python Programming

Determining the values of ASI (Acceleration Severity Index) and THIV (Theoretical Head Impact Velocity) parameters during tests allows you to assign an appropriate class for a given type of object to determine the safety level and to give the CE marking. The paper presents the methodology for determining these parameters based on the EN 1317-1 and EN 12767 standards. The paper also presents a tool created with the use of the Python programming language, which, based on the results of experimental tests or the results of numerical calculations, allows to determine the ASI and THIV values. The values of key parameters from the point of view of normative tests were calculated based on the results of experimental tests of the road sign supporting mast and numerical analysis carried out for the same case using the Finite Element Method and LS-Dyna software, following the EN 12767 standard.

OPERATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LIMIT STATE OF TRACTOR UNITS WITH THE USE OF INDICATOR COUNTERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (144) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Nikolay A. Petrishchev ◽  
◽  
Mikhail N. Kostomakhin ◽  
Aleksandr S. Sayapin ◽  
Igor’ M. Makarkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limit State ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Limit Condition ◽  
Reliability Indicators

In accordance with GOST 20793-2009, the tractor and its components are subjected to resource diagnostics before maintenance. The technical condition of the components of the tractor or machine should be checked with the use of control and diagnostic equipment. Currently, the criteria for the limit state are significantly outdated and require revision from the point of view of tightening modern requirements for operational and economic characteristics and reliability indicators. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in analyzing the state of the issue and the current regulatory documentation and making proposals for remote monitoring of the criteria for the limit states of individual components and aggregates. (Materials and methods) The article presents an analysis of scientific and technical documentation, State standards of the Russian Federation and scientific papers on the problems of minimizing technological risks, diagnostics and control suitability for determining the maximum technical condition, and staged studies on the possibility of monitoring the operation of individual components and units online. The article notes the need to adjust the criteria for the maximum technical condition in accordance with the new designs of resource-determining units, aggregates and existing technical regulations. (Results and discussion). The article presents the justification of the diagnostic process and identified contradictions in the design of tractors and existing scientific and technical documentation and standards, and proposed option of using meters-identifiers when upgrading tractors as a system of built-in online diagnostic tools. (Conclusions) Timely, automated monitoring of the technical condition of tractors, which is based on comparing data with the criteria of the limit condition, serves as a justification for the effective operation of equipment with built-in devices for diagnostics, which allows minimizing agrotechnological risks.

Composition of Safety and Cyber Security Analysis Techniques and Tools for NPP I&C System Assessment

2020 ◽  
pp. 204-220
Author(s):  
Ievgen Babeshko ◽  
Kostiantyn Leontiiev
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
And Control

Safety assessment of nuclear power plant instrumentation and control systems (NPP I&Cs) is a complicated and resource-consuming process that is required to be done so as to ensure the required safety level and comply to normative regulations. A lot of work has been performed in the field of application of different assessment methods and techniques, modifying them, and using their combinations so as to provide a unified approach in comprehensive safety assessment. Performed research has shown that there are still challenges to overcome, including rationale and choice of the safety assessment method, verification of assessment results, choosing and applying techniques that support safety assessment process, especially in the nuclear field. This chapter presents a developed framework that aggregates the most appropriate safety assessment methods typically used for NPP I&Cs.

scholarly journals Safety Assessment of Casting Workshop by Cloud Model and Cause and Effect–LOPA to Protect Employee Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingwei Xu ◽  
Kaili Xu ◽  
Fang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Cloud Model ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Employee Health ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Entropy Weight ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Assessment Approach

Safety assessment of a casting workshop will provide a clearer understanding of the important safety level required for a foundry. The main purpose of this study was to construct a composite safety assessment method to protect employee health using the cloud model and cause and effect–Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA). In this study, the weights of evaluation indicators were determined using the subjective analytic hierarchy process and objective entropy weight method respectively. Then, to obtain the preference coefficient of the integrated weight more precisely, a new algorithm was proposed based on the least square method. Next, the safety level of the casting workshop was presented based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the cloud model, which realized the uncertainty conversion between qualitative concepts and their corresponding quantitative values, as well as taking the fuzziness and randomness into account; the validity of cloud model evaluation was validated by grey relational analysis. In addition, cause and effect was used to proactively identify factors that may lead to accidents. LOPA was used to correlate corresponding safety measures to the identified risk factors. 6 causes and 19 sub-causes that may contribute to accidents were identified, and 18 potential remedies, or independent protection layers (IPLs), were described as ways to protect employee health in foundry operations. A mechanical manufacturing business in Hunan, China was considered as a case study to demonstrate the applicability and benefits of the proposed safety assessment approach.

scholarly journals Analyzing Driver Drowsiness: From Causes to Effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sónia Soares ◽  
Tiago Monteiro ◽  
António Lobo ◽  
António Couto ◽  
Liliana Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Physiological Characteristic ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Recent Event ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Driver Drowsiness ◽  
Driving Time ◽  
Karolinska Sleepiness Scale

Drowsiness and fatigue are major safety issues that cannot be measured directly. Their measurements are sustained on indirect parameters such as the effects on driving performance, changes in physiological states, and subjective measures. We divided this study into two distinct lines. First, we wanted to find if any driver’s physiological characteristic, habit, or recent event could interfere with the results. Second, we aimed to analyze the effects of subjective sleepiness on driving behavior. On driving simulator experiments, the driver information and driving performance were collected, and responses to the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) were compared with these parameters. The results showed that drowsiness increases when the driver has suffered a recent stress situation, has taken medication, or has slept fewer hours. An increasing driving time is also a strong factor in drowsiness development. On the other hand, robustness, smoking habits, being older, and being a man were revealed to be factors that make the participant less prone to getting drowsy. From another point of view, the speed and lane departures increased with the sleepiness feeling. Subjective drowsiness has a great correlation to drivers’ personal aspects and the driving behavior. In addition, the KSS shows a great potential to be used as a predictor of drowsiness.

scholarly journals Two Decades of Global Progress in Authorized Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products: An Emerging Revolution in Therapeutic Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roya Ramezankhani ◽  
Shukoofeh Torabi ◽  
Neda Minaei ◽  
Hoda Madani ◽  
Siamak Rezaeiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Market Size ◽  
Published Data ◽  
General View ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Advanced Therapy ◽  
Product Description

The introduction of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) to the global pharma market has been revolutionizing the pharmaceutical industry and has opened new routes for treating various types of cancers and incurable diseases. In the past two decades, a noticeable part of clinical practices has been devoting progressively to these products. The first step to develop such an ATMP product is to be familiar with other approved products to obtain a general view about this industry trend. The present paper depicts an overall perspective of approved ATMPs in different countries, while reflecting the degree of their success in a clinical point of view and highlighting their main safety issues and also related market size as a whole. In this regard, published articles regarding safety, efficacy, and market size of approved ATMPs were reviewed using the search engines PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. For some products which the related papers were not available, data on the relevant company website were referenced. In this descriptive study, we have introduced and classified approved cell, gene, and tissue engineering-based products by different regulatory agencies, along with their characteristics, manufacturer, indication, approval date, related regulatory agency, dosage, product description, price and published data about their safety and efficacy. In addition, to gain insights about the commercial situation of each product, we have gathered accessible sale reports and market size information that pertain to some of these products.

Spatial Effects in Risk-Based Design and Maintenance of Pipelines

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc A. Maes ◽  
Michael Havbro Faber
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Correlation ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Spatial Extent ◽  
System Component ◽  
Continuous Systems ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Limit States

Pipelines are to a large extent spatially continuous systems having a system-component relationship that is not as clearly articulated as for other structural systems. Reliability-based design methods for pipelines often provide conflicting views about the spatial extent of limit states, the effect of spatial correlation, the applicability of target risks and target reliabilities (for instance on a per unit length basis), the link with lifecycle cost methods, and risk acceptability in general. The present paper first reviews probabilistic design and assessment approaches for pipelines, ranging from partial factors and limit state design, to reliability based and consequence-based methods. Subsequently we identify the various types of limit states from the point of view of their spatial characteristics. The paper also reviews the possible approaches to target risks and target reliabilities in view of the different spatial extent of the limit states. The role of spatial correlation as it impacts on different kind of pipeline limit states and on the risk acceptance process is discussed. The role of inspection, repair and maintenance can easily be included in many of the reliability-based pipeline design and assessment approaches as the lifetime costs of mitigative actions are fairly well defined, together with the spatially distributed consequences of failure, but they do add some additional challenges to the spatial modeling of the system.

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