Evaluation of anti-arthritic effect of Torilis leptophylla and its comparison with indomethacin

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Javaria Fatima ◽  
Bushra Shaheen ◽  
Saba Batool ◽  
Tooba Malik ◽  
Sheikh Maria Qammar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters ◽  
Group I ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune debilitating disease involving multiple joints and organs. Many treatment options are available but all are associated with frequent side effects. Phytochemical screening of Torilis leptophylla has shown the presence of anti-inflammatory compounds like flavonoids, phenols and anthraquinones. This study was designed to evaluate its effect on joints inflammation (rheumatoid arthritis). Indomethacin is one of the oldest and most commonly used drugs for arthritis. It was used as a standard drug to compare with indomethacin. Methods: This experimental study was carried out in Pharmacology Department, University of Health Sciences, Lahore. Thirty six male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (group I-control, group II-positive control, group III-10 mg indomethacin, group IV,V,VI--100mg, 200mg, 300mg Torilis leptophylla extract (TLE) administered (orally) respectively). Arthritis was induced by sub plantar injection of 0.1 ml Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) to all groups except the control group. Body weight (weekly) and ankle joint diameter (every 4th day) were measured. At day 29 blood was collected and all animals were killed by overdose of ether. Acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase levels were determined by chemistry analyzer (RX MONZA, RANDOX, Republic of Ireland). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20. One way ANOVA and Post hoc -Tukey tests were applied. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Treatment with indomethacin caused significant (p≤0.001) reduction in all the inflammatory parameters. Torilis leptophylla extract also significantly (p≤0.05) reduced all the inflammatory parameters. Anti-inflammatory effect was comparable to indomethacin. Conclusion: Torilis leptophylla has significant anti-arthritic activity as it modified the parameters of joint inflammation and destruction.

scholarly journals The Anti-tubercular Activity of Noni Fruitsto Inhibition Growth of Multi Drug Resistant-Tuberculosis Bacteria

2021 ◽  
pp. 979-990
Author(s):  
Novie Elvinawaty Mauliku
Keyword(s):  
Antitubercular Activity ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Group I ◽  
Mdr Tb

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a tuberculosis infection that is resistant to the treatment at least two of the most powerful anti-tuberculosis drugs, such as Isoniazid and Rifampisin. Increased cases of MDR-TB in morbidity and mortality become obstacles in the control of tuberculosis (TB), thus requiring supportive treatment of natural ingredients that can contribute in the treatment of TB, such a noni fruit. The main objective of this study was extract of noni fruits to inhibition the growth of strain MDR-TB bacteria, and compered it with the anti-TB drugs. The Morinda c. Linn (Noni) fruits was extraced by ethanol (96%). The extract was filtered through whatman No.1 filter paper, evaporated to dryness on a water bath until the solvent evaporated completely and yield of the crude extract. The experiment were divided into 3 groups, i.e.: negative control: group I; positive control: group II; crude extracts noni fruit: group III: combinations of crude extracts noni fruit and anti-TB drugs (K, AK, and OF). Each group was divided into three groups’ doses of 30 mg/ml, 40 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml. The Anti-tuberculosis activities of extracts noni fruit and K, AK, and OF against TB-MDR bacteria were tested by susceptibility test using proportion method in Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) media.The anti-tubercular activity of noni fruits was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the bacterial growth at various doses 30 mg/ml, 40 mg/ml, and 50 mg/ml. The research design used post-test only contol group, and analyzed using analysis of variance and post hoct test. The extracted of Morinda c.Linn (noni) fruits have antitubercular activity to inhibiton of growth MDR-TB bacteria at various doses (p value=0,000). At a dose 30 mg/mlthe mean rate of the growth colonies of MDR TB-bacteria whit the mean rate 59,00 ± 27,81, and at a dose 40 mg/ml was1,50 ± 2,81. While at a dose of 50 mg/ml the bacterial colonies of MDR-TB did not grow in media. The combination of Morinda c.Linn (noni) fruit with anti-tuberculosis drugs, was the smallest groups to inhibit and eliminate MDR-TB bacteria at a dose 30 mg/ml(0,00 ± 00.00). The experimental results confirmed the extracted of Morinda c.Linn (noni) fruits have antitubercular activity as well as anti-TB drugs, and the combination of the extracted of Morinda c.Linn (noni) fruits and anti-TB drugs was the best groups to inhibiton of growth MDR-TB bacteria.   Keywords: TB-MDR Bacteria, Morinda c. Linn (Noni), Anti-TB drugs, Anti-tubercular activity, MIC.

Amelioration of Extra-articular Effects Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis Using Anti-arthritic Herbal Formulations

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Kemzi N. Elechi-Amadi ◽  
Ojoye N. Briggs ◽  
Boma H. Opusunju ◽  
Ebirien-Agana S. Bartimaeus ◽  
Edna O. Nwachuku
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Herbal Drug ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Herbal Formulations

Aim: This study investigated the ability of some herbal formulations to ameliorate extra-articular effects of some herbal formulations used in the management of rheumatoid arthritis in Nigeria. Methodology: Forty-nine (49) female albino Wistar rats were used for this study. They were divided into seven groups: A, B, C, D, E, F and G of seven rats each, with Group A serving as negative control while Group B was a positive control. Groups B, C, D, E, F and G were induced with rheumatoid arthritis by injecting 0.1 ml of Complete Freund's Adjuvant into the right hind paw of each rat. The rats were treated with the standard drug and herbal formulations respectively for 28 days as follows: Group C (treated with a standard drug, Celebrex), Group D (treated with the herbal drug, Jointeez), Group E (treated with a herbal drug, Arthropower), Group F (treated with combination therapy of Jointeez and Celebrex) and Group G (treated with combination therapy of Arthropower and Celebrex). At the end of the 28-day treatment period, the rats were anaesthetized with chloroform and sacrificed through puncture of the jugular vein. Five millilitres (5 ml) of blood samples were put into plain bottles for the analysis of biochemical parameters and 3 ml into K3EDTA bottles for haematological analysis. The lipid parameters were analysed using Mindray autoanalyzer while haematological parameters were determined using Sysmex haematology auto analyzer. Results: Total cholesterol (p<0.001), HDL (p=0.005) and LDL (p=0.004) were significantly reduced in the treated rats compared to the positive control group. Conversely, Packed Cell Volume (p<0.001) and Haemoglobin levels (p<0.001) were significantly reduced in the positive control rats compared to the treated rats. However, Total WBC count was significantly higher in the positive control rats than in the treated rats (p=0.001). The combination therapies used in this study did not offer a significantly different therapeutic advantage over the monotherapies used. The herbal formulations gave therapeutic effects on the extra-articular effects similar to that obtained from the orthodox drug used in this study.  Conclusion: The herbal formulations can be used as alternative regimens for rheumatoid arthritis. It is recommended that herbal formulations be considered for integration into our healthcare system for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential of the ethanolic extract of the Saussurea lappa root (costus) on adjuvant-induced monoarthritis in rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hend M. Tag ◽  
Howayda E. Khaled ◽  
Hayat A.A. Ismail ◽  
Nahla S. El-Shenawy
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Saussurea Lappa ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Group 1

Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by polyarticular symmetrical arthritis. The prevalence of RA is consistent worldwide, affecting about 0.5%–1.0% of the population. The aim of this study was to investigate whetherAnimals were divided into eight groups (n=5/group). Group 1 acted as control, group 2 presented the AA rats (positive control), and groups 3, 4, and 5 were treated with different doses ofThe

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF CHONDROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF INTRA ARTICULAR PIROXICAM IN POST-TRAUMATIC OSTEOARTHRITIS MODEL OF RAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 593-97
Author(s):  
Noaman Ishaq ◽  
Shabana Ali ◽  
Qurra Tul Ain Haider ◽  
Muhammad Abdul Basit Qaisrani ◽  
Komal Mumtaz Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group I ◽  
Post Traumatic

Objective: To evaluate the chondroprotective effect of piroxicam in post-traumatic osteoarthritis model of rat. Study Design: Laboratory based experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Pharmacology department, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, from Apr to Jun 2019. Methodology: Project included sixteen rats of Sprague Dawley breed. Osteoarthritis was induced in anesthetized rats by surgical removal of medial meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament resection. After that rats were randomly allocated in two groups with eight rats in each group. Rats of group I were positive control that received 0.2 ml saline intra articularly once weekly for four weeks. Meanwhile rats of group II (treatment group) received 50 µl piroxicam intra articularly once weekly for four weeks. One week after the drug intervention, radiograph of the right knee joint of all rats were taken. Animals were then sacrificed with inhaled chloroform and part of proximal tibia was obtained for histopathological analysis. Results: Comparison of radiographs of both groups depicted a significant p-value of <0.01. Meanwhile mean histopathological score of control group and treatment group were 11.50 ± 1.195 and 6.50 ± 1.195 respectively with a p-value of <0.01. Conclusion: Intra articular administration of piroxicam in post-traumatic Osteoarthritis model of rats resulted in improvement in radiographic grades and histopathology scores.

scholarly journals Uji Efektifitas Ekstrak Kulit Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) Terhadap Mencit (Mus musculus) Sebagai Anti Inflamasi

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Ilham Maulana ◽  
Ajeng Kurniati Roddu ◽  
Suriani Suriani
Keyword(s):  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group I ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Group 5

ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian uji efektifitas ekstrak etanol kulit petai dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui efek anti inflamasi dari ekstrak etanol kulit petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk).Pengujian dilakukan terhadap hewan uji mencit dengan melihat volume udem telapak kaki dari mencit, yang sebelumnya di induksi oleh putih telur 1%. Perhitungan hasil pengujian menggunakan uji analisis varians dan uji newman - keuls. Pengujian dilakukan dengan membagi 5 kelompok penguian, kelompok I dengan pemberian Na.CMC 1 % sebagai kelompok kontrol negatif   kelompok II dengan pemberian suspensi ekstrak etanol kulit petai dengan konsentrasi 1 %, kelompok III dengan konsentrasi 3%, kelompok IV dengan konsentrasi 5% dan kelompok V dengan pemberian suspensi natrium diklofenak 0,195%b/v sebagai kelompok kontrol positif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol kulit petai dengan konsentrasi 1%, 3%, dan 5% memiliki efek sebagai anti inflamsi.Kata Kunci: Ekstrak Etanol; Kulit Petai; Anti Inflamasi; Mencit.ABSTRACTHas conducted research Study On Effectiveness of Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) Extract, with the aim to determine the anti -inflammatory effect of the ethanol petai extract (Parkia speciosa Hassk). Testing forum mice to test animals by looking at the volume of foot edema of mice , which previously induced by egg white 1 %. Calculations results of testing using analysis of variance test and test newman – keuls. Testing is done by dividing the testing group 5, group I with giving Na. CMC 1% as a negative control, group II and group administration of ethanol extract of petai suspension with a concentration of 1%, group III with a concentration 3%, group IV with a concentration 5% and the group V with the provison of 0,195% diclofenac sodium suspension as the positive control group. The result showed that the ethanol extract of petai with concentration of 1%, 3%, and 5% have anti – Inflamamatory effect.Keywords: Extract Ethanol; Petai; Anti Inflammatory; Mice.

scholarly journals Association of interleukin-17A rs2275913 polymorphism with rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility in Sudanese population

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110202
Author(s):  
Rgda Mohamed Osman ◽  
Mounkaila Noma ◽  
Abdallah Elssir Ahmed ◽  
Hanadi Abdelbagi ◽  
Rihab Ali Omer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Interleukin 17A ◽  
Significant Difference

Objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. This study aimed to determine the association of interleukin-17A-197G/A polymorphism with rheumatoid arthritis in Sudanese patients. Methods: A case–control study was conducted between March and December 2018. Clinical and demographic data of the study participants were collected and analyzed. Polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism molecular technique was done to investigate interleukin-17A-197G/A polymorphisms. All statistical tests were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05. Results: The study population included 266 participants aged between 1 and 85 years, with an average of 40 years, classified into 85 (31.2%) cases (mean age 48.5 ± 11.3 years), and 181 (68.8%) controls (mean age 35.3 ± 15.9 years). The interleukin-17A homozygote AA genotype was more frequent among the control group compared to the case group; 95 (52.5%) and 7 (8.2%), respectively. The homozygote GG and the heterozygote AG genotypes were proportionally not different among the cases and control groups; 13 (54.2%) and 11 (45.8%), and 65 (46.4%) and 75 (53.6%), respectively. According to the distribution of interleukin-17A genotypes, a statistically significant difference was observed among cases with the interleukin-17A AA and AG genotypes, p values 0.001 and 0.004, respectively. For the association interleukin-17A genotypes and family history a negatively significant association was reported (95% confidence interval, –0.219, p value = 0.001). There was also a negatively significant association of interleukin-17A genotypes and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (95% confidence interval, −0.141, p value = 0.002). Conclusion: This study is the first study in Sudan established the association between interleukin-17A-197G/A (rs2275913) polymorphisms and susceptibly to rheumatoid arthritis. These findings appeal for further research in Sudan to investigate the exact role of IL-17A in immunopathology and disease severity among Sudanese rheumatoid arthritis

scholarly journals AB0043 EFFECT OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY MEDICATION ON INTERACTION OF SYNOVIAL FIBROBLASTS WITH MACROPHAGES IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1054.1-1054
Author(s):  
M. Schmeller ◽  
M. Diller ◽  
R. Hasseli ◽  
A. Knothe ◽  
S. Rehart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Synovial Fibroblasts ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
M1 Macrophages ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Proinflammatory Activity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background:One of the key mechanisms in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the interaction of macrophages and synovial fibroblasts during joint inflammation. Increased synergistic proinflammatory activity of both cell types leads to the release of high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, especially of interleukin-6 (IL-6), and of matrix degrading enzymes. If this mechanism is uncontrolled, progressive destruction of articular cartilage and bone will take place.In active disease, immediate anti-inflammatory treatment with glucocorticoids is usually replaced by disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDS), especially by methotrexate (MTX) and biologics such as TNF-α- or IL-6-inhibitors. This led to great improvements in prognosis and outcome for RA patients. However, about 40% of patients experience no remission or suffer from side effects of medication. To optimize established substances and to develop new treatment strategies, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms underlying the limited therapeutic effects.Objectives:Evaluation of the effect of prednisolone, MTX, adalimumab, tocilizumab on IL-6 secretion by RA synovial fibroblasts (RASF) and macrophages.Methods:RA synovium was used for RASF isolation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from blood of healthy donors and RA patients by using Ficoll© medium followed by density gradient centrifugation. Mononuclear cells were seeded on six well plates (6x10^6/well) and incubated for one week. Then they were stimulated with Interferon-у (20 ng/ml) and LPS (50 ng/ml) for 48h to initiate differentiation into proinflammatory M1 macrophages. The M1 macrophages were co-cultured with RASF (100.000/well) and different treatments added (prednisolone: 10, 25, 50, 75, 100 nM, 1 µM; adalimumab: 100, 500 µg/ml; tocilizumab: 1, 5 µg/ml; MTX: 0,5, 1, 5, 10, 100 nM, 1µM). After 24h culture supernatants were collected and IL-6- and TNFα-ELISAs were performed.Results:IL-6 concentrations of untreated controls were comparable, regardless whether M1 macrophages from healthy donors or RA-patients were used for co-culture. Prednisolone reduced co-culture-induced IL-6 up to 56% (p<0.001) in co-culture of RASF and M1 macrophages of healthy donors and up to 60% (p<0.001) in co-culture of RASF and RA M1 macrophages. Adalimumab reduced IL-6 up to 28% (p<0.05) in M1 of healthy donors and up to 45% (p<0.01) in RA M1 macrophage co-cultures. A minor reduction by 10-20% of IL-6 was observed with tocilizumab and no significant effect could be achieved after treatment with MTX.Conclusion:Prednisolone and adalimumab clearly decrease but do not eliminate proinflammatory synergistic activity of RASF and M1 macrophages. These results confirm the clinical observation, that there is a large number of RA-patients that independent of anti-inflammatory treatment still suffer from low-level joint inflammation.The synergistic proinflammatory activity of M1 macrophages and RASF seems to be a complex and multifactorial mechanism that is difficult to eliminate by a single treatment substance. Since it is one of the key mechanisms in RA pathogenesis, there is a critical need to investigate how therapy effects could be optimized. This study confirmed RASFs as one of the leading effector cells of increased synergistic proinflammatory activity, thus underlining their promising role as a treatment target in rheumatoid arthritis.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals In vivo antidiarrheal study of ethanolic extracts of Mikania cordata and Litsea monopetala leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatema Nasrin ◽  
Md. Lukman Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity

<p class="Abstract">In this study the antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic extracts of the leaves of <em>Mikania cordata</em> and <em>Litsea monopetala</em> was evaluated. Diarrhea was induced in mice by oral administration of castor oil (0.5 mL) 30 min after the administration of the extracts. During a 4 hour study the number of diarrheal feces and percentage inhibition of the extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) was determined. Loperamide (3 mg/kg body weight) served as standard and belonged to the positive control group. The extracts exhibited potent antidiarrheal activity as well as achieved statistically significant p value (p&lt;0.01 and p&lt;0.05) compared to control group. Among the extracts the highest percentage inhibition of defecation (60%) was recorded for leaf extract (400 mg/kg body weight) of <em>L. monopetala</em>. So, the study corroborates the significant antidiarrheal activity of <em>M. cordata</em> and <em>L. monopetala</em> leaf extracts and raises the demand of further sophisticated investigation.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Pharmacological Evaluation of Chrozophora tinctoria as Wound Healing Potential in Diabetic Rat’s Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harikesh Maurya ◽  
Monika Semwal ◽  
Susheel Kumar Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Elevated Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

Objective. The study was designed to evaluate pharmacological potential of hydroalcoholic leaves extract of Chrozophora tinctoria intended for wound healing in diabetic rats’ model. Methods. The method used to evaluate the pharmacological potential of hydroalcoholic leave extract was physical incision rat model. In this model, cutting of the skin and/or other tissues with a sharp blade has been made and the rapid disruption of tissue integrity with minimal collateral damage was observed shortly. Animals used in the study were divided into four groups that consist of six animals in each group. Group I serves as normal control, Group II serves as disease control, Group III was used as standard treatment (Povidone iodine 50 mg/kg b.w.), and Group IV was used for test drug (C. tinctoria 50 mg/kg b.w.). Result. The hydroalcoholic leave extract of Chrozophora tinctoria has been significantly observed to heal the wound (98%) in diabetic rats within 21 days, while standard drug (Povidone iodine) healed the wound about 95% in the same condition. The oral dose (50 mg/kg b.w.) of Chrozophora tinctoria was also found to improve the elevated blood glucose level in comparison to disease control group, which increased after the oral administration of Streptozotocin. Conclusion. The Chrozophora tinctoria has significant wound healing potential in the animal having physically damaged tissue in diabetic condition.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Ekstrak Artemisia vulgaris L. sebagai Hepatoprotektor pada sel-sel Hati Tikus yang Diinduksi Niasin

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Laily Rahmawati ◽  
Erma Sulistyaningsih ◽  
Rosita Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Artemisia Vulgaris ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

  The niacin in energy drinks has metabolic product that cause oxidative stress and liver damage, while the liver damage can be prevented by hepatoprotective agents. Scoparone in Artemisia vulgaris L. can act as a hepatoprotector by its antioxidant effect. This study aimed to investigate the effectivity of Artemisia vulgaris L. extract as a hepatoprotector in wistar hepatocytes induced by niacin. This study used 25 male rats which were divided into 5 groups: normal, the negative control, the positive control, the treatment group I, and II. Treatment was conducted for 28 days. The samples were terminated and the hepatocyte were prepared for histological examination. Histological appearance was catagorized as mild, moderate, and severe damage with or without inflamatory cells activity. The data analysis by Kruskal Wallis showed significant difference (p<0,001). Further analysis by Mann Whitney revealed significantly difference (p<0,05) between normal group and all groups, negative control group and positive control group, and positive control group and treatment group I, but not significantly difference between negative control group and treatment group I, negative control group and treatment group II, positive control group and treatment group II, and between treatment groups. The study concluded that the effectivity of Artemisia vulgaris L. extract has not been proven as a hepatoprotector but further study is needed to draw a definite conclusion.   Keywords: energy drink, niacin, Artemisia vulgaris L., hepatoprotector  

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