Effect of Furosemide and Spironolactone on urinary zinc excretion in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Rabab Miraj ◽  
Muhammad Jahangir ◽  
Akfish Zaheer ◽  
Nada Azam ◽  
Amer Hassan Siddiqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Single Oral Dose ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
P Value ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Urinary Zinc Excretion ◽  
Blood Zinc

Background: Zinc deficiency is associated with numerous diseases including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, immune dysregulation, cancer, depression and congenital anomalies. There are many reasons of zinc deficiency including some medications. If zinc supplementation is used with these medicines than many diseases can be prevented. Subjects and methods: This experimental study was planned to observe the effect of single diuretic dose of furosemide and spironolactone on zinc urinary excretion and blood levels in normal rats. Eighteen adult healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. After saline load rats were given distilled water, furosemide (10 mg/kg) and spironolactone (20 mg/kg) as single oral dose. Blood and urine samples were collected after five hours and analysed for zinc concentration by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: Single oral dose of furosemide and spironolactone highly significantly increased urinary zinc excretion (p-value <0.001 vs normal control), and increased blood zinc level (p-value <0.001 vs. normal control). Value of both variables were significantly higher in furosemide-treated group (p-value <0.001 vs. furosemide-treated). Conclusion: Results of this research conclude that furosemide and spironolactone increase urinary zinc excretion when used for short period. It is also postulated that blood zinc concentration is not reliable measure to assess the zinc status of the body because its level shows compensatory rise during deficiency states.

scholarly journals Comparison of maternal serum and neonatal cord blood levels of zinc in relation to birth weight and period of gestation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1349
Author(s):  
Shabbeer Ahmed ◽  
Avula Kanthi Sagar
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
P Value ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Blood Zinc ◽  
Serum Zinc Levels

Background: Women are at increased risk of zinc deficiency during pregnancy because of high fetal requirements for zinc. Severe maternal zinc deficiency has been associated with poor fetal growth, spontaneous abortion and congenital malformations (i.e., anencephaly), whereas milder forms of zinc deficiency have been associated with low birth weight (LBW), intrauterine growth retardation, and preterm delivery. However, the research relating maternal zinc status and birth weight has not produced consistent results. This study has been undertaken to confirm the association between maternal serum zinc concentration and birth weight and period of gestation in setting like India.Methods: A total of 100 new-borns were included and divided into two groups, the ‘study group’ had babies with birth weight <2.5 kg and control group’ with babies >2.5 kg birth weight. Cord blood from the new-borns and serum samples of mothers were collected and the zinc levels were measured.Results: The correlation of cord blood and the maternal serum zinc levels were assessed in relation to birth weight and the gestational age. The results were compared between the two groups. The difference in values between the two groups was statistically significant, maternal serum zinc levels and birth weight (84.78±21.62 vs 66.04±18.66) (‘P’ value 0.04), cord blood zinc levels and birth weight (98.44±22.59 vs 79.78±19.54) (‘P’ value <0.001). The maternal serum and cord blood zinc was compared between the preterm and term; the results were statistically significant.Conclusions: The maternal and cord blood levels of zinc are correlated well with the birth weight and the gestational age at delivery. Supplementation of zinc during gestation might help reduce the incidence of IUGR and the risk of prematurity.

scholarly journals Assessment of Zinc Status Among Pregnant Women Attending a Tertiary Level Hospital of Sunsari District, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-473
Author(s):  
Man Kumar Tamang ◽  
Uday Narayan Yadav ◽  
Anish Acharya ◽  
Madhab Lamsal
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Zinc Status ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Serum Zinc Concentration ◽  
Level Hospital

Background: Zinc deficiency is one of the major public health problems especially in developing countries, with an estimation of over 80% of pregnant women to be zinc deficient worldwide. Maternal zinc deficiency elevates the risk of foetal growth restriction. This study aimed to assess zinc deficiency and to examine the factors associated with zinc status among pregnant women attending a tertiary level hospital in Sunsari district, province no. one, Nepal.Methods: Pregnant women were selected by using time frame consecutive sampling at B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan from September to November 2018. Data on nutritional, socio-demographic and reproductive profiles were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Blood was collected from each pregnant woman to estimate serum zinc concentration by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Association between serum zinc concentration and predictor variables were assessed using chi-square test.Results: A total of 156 women participated in the study. The prevalence of zinc deficiency among the pregnant women was 22.6%. Our data did not show association of any of the socio-demographic, nutritional and reproductive variables with serum zinc status (p-value>0.05) in chi-square. Conclusions: Zinc deficiency was found to be prevalent in our targeted population. However, community based studies need to be conducted for exploring more precise relationship between zinc status and other variables.Keywords: Nepal; nutritional factors; pregnant women; zinc status.

Percentile values of serum zinc concentration and prevalence of its deficiency in Iranian children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-V study

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-531
Author(s):  
Bahar Azemati ◽  
Maliheh Khoramdad ◽  
Mostafa Qorbani ◽  
Hadith Rastad ◽  
Gita Shafiee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
P Value ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Serum Zinc Concentration ◽  
Iranian Children

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the prevalence of serum zinc deficiency and provide the age- and sex-specific percentile values of serum zinc in children and adolescents.MethodsWe used the gathered data through the CASPIAN-V study, a national survey conducted on 3500 students aged 7–18 years from 30 provinces of Iran. In this study, 1370 blood samples were selected randomly, and serum zinc concentration was measured using a Hitachi automated analyzer. Zinc deficiency was defined as a serum zinc level of less than 75 μg/dL. Age-sex specific reference percentile values were developed for serum zinc concentration.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 12.4 ± 3.0 years; 49.3% were girls and 73% were urban inhabitants. Mean (standard deviation [SD]) of serum zinc concentration was 107.23 (25.81) μg/dL with a significant sex difference; 109.03 ± 26.12 μg/dL for males compared to 105.41 ± 25.3 μg/dL for females (p = 0.009). The prevalence of subclinical zinc deficiency was 4.9% (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 3.0, 6.9) in children and adolescents. Both zinc deficient and sufficient groups were similar in terms of age, sex and residential areas (all p-value > 0.05). Overall, the 5th and 95th percentile values for serum zinc were 68.28 and 151.87 μg/dL, respectively. The value of all percentiles consistently decreased with age. The 10–99th percentile values for serum zinc were greater in boys than girls at all ages.ConclusionsNearly 5% of subjects had zinc deficiency. Age-sex specific percentile values were established for Iranian children and adolescents.

scholarly journals P291 Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of etrasimod (APD334) in subjects with mild, moderate, or severe hepatic impairment: a single-dose, open-label, parallel-group study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S321-S322
Author(s):  
C Lee ◽  
Y Tang ◽  
C Schroeder ◽  
J Zhang ◽  
T Nguyen-Cleary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Single Oral Dose ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Hepatic Impairment ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Severe Hepatic Impairment ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Mean Values

Abstract Background Etrasimod is an oral, selective sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator in clinical development for immune-mediated inflammatory disorders, including ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and eosinophilic esophagitis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and tolerability of etrasimod. Methods This single-dose, open-label, parallel-group study included 36 adult subjects (aged 18-80 years; body mass index ≥18 kg/m2) with hepatic impairment, based on Child-Pugh score at screening (mild=5 to 6 [n=8], moderate=7 to 9 [n=8], severe=10 to 14 [n=6]), and their demographically matched control subjects with normal hepatic function (n=14 total). The first subject with severe hepatic impairment was enrolled after ≥2 subjects with mild and ≥2 subjects with moderate hepatic impairment had been enrolled and followed for ≥48 hours after dosing to ensure no observed significant safety signals. On Day 1, subjects received a single oral dose of etrasimod 2 mg after a ≥10 hour fast. PK and safety data were collected over a 21-day follow-up period. Results Thirty-six subjects were enrolled and dosed; 35 subjects completed the study. When compared with their respective demographically matched normal control groups, single dose etrasimod peak exposure (Cmax) was comparable for all hepatic impairment groups, whereas etrasimod total exposure (AUC) measures were progressively higher (up to 57.3% higher) in the mild, moderate, and severe hepatic impairment groups (Table 1). Unbound etrasimod Cmax values were progressively lower (up to 42.0% lower) in the mild, moderate, and severe hepatic impairment groups, whereas unbound etrasimod AUC values were typically comparable for all hepatic impairment groups, when compared with their respective demographically matched normal control groups (Table 2). Etrasimod t1/2 only moderately increased as hepatic function decreased, with mean values ranging from 43.9 to 59.5 hours in the demographically matched normal control groups and mean values of 55.7, 69.7, and 76.5 hours in the mild, moderate, and severe hepatic impairment groups, respectively. A single oral dose of etrasimod 2 mg was well tolerated; there were no clinically significant safety findings when administered to subjects with normal hepatic function or subjects with mild, moderate, or severe hepatic impairment. Conclusion A single oral dose of etrasimod 2 mg was well tolerated, with relatively modest changes in etrasimod exposure observed in subjects with mild, moderate, or severe hepatic impairment. These results suggest that etrasimod dose adjustment may not be warranted in subjects with hepatic impairment.

A Rapid (48 hours) Thyroid Suppression Test using a Single Oral Dose of 100 of Triiodothyronine

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 218-224
Author(s):  
Elli Lakka - Papadodima ◽  
Constantin Ntalles ◽  
Denis Ikkos
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Single Oral Dose ◽  
Suppression Test

Des mesurages répétés de la fixation thyroïdienne de 10 minutes du 132I injecté intraveineusement on été effectués sur 55 malades euthyroïdiens sans et avec goitre et sur 16 malades hyperthyreoïdiens par 4 jours consécutifs. Immédiatement après le premier mesurage tous les malades recevaient une dose unique oral de 100 μg de Triiodothyronine (T3). Les valeurs de fixation 24, 48 et 72 heures après le T3 (moyen ± déviation standard) étaient de 75 ± 1,7, 64 ± 1,8, et 67 ± 1,9 dans le groupe euthyroïdien et le 106 ± 2,6, 104 ± 2,2 et 108 ± 4,0 dans le groupe hyperthyroïdien, exprimés en pourcentage du groupe controle. 48 heures après T3 tous les personnes euthyroïdiens, sauf une, avaient des valeurs en dessous de 88% tandis que la valeur la plus basse des personnes hyperthyroïdiens ce jour était de 93%. La séparation des valeurs 48 heures des deux groupes était complète après avoir respecté l’influence de la première fixation sur la valeur 48 heures. On peut donc supposer q’un test thyroïdien de suppression utilisable en clinique peut-être effectué en 48 heures après une administration oral de 100 μg de T3 et mesurage de la fixation 10 minutes après l’injection du radioisotope.

Effect of Aspirin on the Thrombelastogram of Human Blood

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (03) ◽  
pp. 494-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
G de Gaetano ◽  
J Vermylen
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Single Oral Dose ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Release Reaction ◽  
Platelet Release

SummaryThrombelastograms of both native blood and re-calcified platelet-rich plasma samples taken from subjects given a single oral dose of aspirin (1 gram) were not significantly different from the pretreatment recordings. Aspirin also did not modify the thrombelastogram when preincubated in vitro with platelet-rich plasma at concentrations inhibiting the platelet “release reaction” by collagen. Thrombelastography therefore cannot evaluate the effect of aspirin on platelet function.

Serum Enzyme, Corticosterone and Tissue Changes in Rats Following a Single Oral Dose of Ethanol

1970 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Altland ◽  
Benjamin Highman ◽  
Milton G. Parker ◽  
Michael P. Dieter
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Single Oral Dose ◽  
Serum Enzyme ◽  
Tissue Changes

Effects of a single oral dose of phenobarbital on prolactin, growth hormone and luteinizing hormone in normal women

1983 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rosadini ◽  
P. Masturzo ◽  
G. Rodriguez ◽  
G. Murialdo ◽  
V. Montano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Single Oral Dose ◽  
Power Analysis ◽  
Sleep Pattern ◽  
Absolute Power ◽  
Normal Women

Abstract. The effects of a single oral dose of phenobarbital (PB) on the 24 h secretion of prolactin, growth hormone and luteinizing hormone have been evaluated in normal women. An EEG record was taken and barbiturate levels assayed in serum. A statistically significant decrease of growth hormone 24 h mean levels was observed and growth hormone and prolactin values during sleep were diminished. No changes in luteinizing hormone concentrations were observed. After PB the EEG showed no important alterations in sleep pattern, but on the power analysis an increase above 16 Hz absolute power was detected during the waking period.

A Case of Acquired Zinc Deficiency due to Low Zinc Concentration in Maternal Breast Milk

2008 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chie HIRABE ◽  
Chisato HOSOKAWA ◽  
Masakazu TAKAHARA ◽  
Satoko SHIBATA ◽  
Satoshi TAKEUCHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Zinc Concentration
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