Influence of tissue strength on root damage and storage losses of sugar beet

2020 ◽  
pp. 435-443
Author(s):  
Gunnar Kleuker ◽  
Christa M. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Root Damage ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Stable Variety ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage

Harvesting and cleaning of sugar beet lead to root damage, which increases storage losses due to wound healing and by causing entry points for pathogens. This study aimed at quantifying the effects of variety and site on the tissue strength of sugar beet roots, and moreover, to evaluate the impact of tissue strength on damage and storage losses. For this purpose, field trials with three varieties were carried out at six sites, three in Germany and the others in Belgium, the Netherlands and Sweden in 2018. Texture analysis and storage trials were conducted in Göttingen. Puncture and compression measurements revealed differences in tissue strength between varieties and sites. Drought stress during the vegetation period significantly reduced the tissue strength. Tissue strength of sugar beet roots turned out to be an environmental stable variety characteristic. It is not possible to draw conclusions from tissue strength to storage losses at a site, since many other factors, such as growing conditions, diseases and damage due to harvester settings have a strong impact. However, tissue strength might be an indicator for damage susceptibility and storage losses of sugar beet varieties.

THE IMPACT OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON THE BIOLOGICAL YIELD OF SUGAR BEET CROP (BETA VULGARIS L. VAR. SACCHARIFERA)

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1281-1284
Author(s):  
Petar Petrov ◽  
Bojan Mitrovski
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Qualitative Properties ◽  
New Production ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Sugar Beet Crop ◽  
The Impact

Due to the great economic significance of the sugar beet, the new production trends are aimed at improving the quantitative and qualitative properties and one of the basic agro technical measures that is directly dependent on the yield and quality of the turnip is the properly conducted plant nutrition. Exporting high quantities of nutrients from the soil, the sugar beet requires application of advanced agro-technology, primarily application of adequate and controlled nutrition and irrigation. Application of this measure, in combination with soil processing, has sustained influence over the following cultures in the crop rotation in terms of nutrients regiment and fight against weeds.In order to determine the effects of mineral fertilizers on sugar beet, field experiment was conducted on fluvisol soil. The experiment is set according to a random block system, following the standard methods of agricultural chemistry for conducting field trials. The experiment includes eight variants, as follows: 1. Control (non-fertilized), 2. NP, 3. NK, 4. PK, 5. NPK, 6. N2PK, 7. N2P2K, 8. N3PK.In the phase of technological maturity of sugar beet, collection of the vegetative material and measurement of the height of the biological yield of the turnips was carried out. Based on the survey results, it can be concluded that the variant N2P2K has achieved the highest yield of swollen roots, i.e. 69.330 kg/ha. The highest yield of leafy greens was achieved in the variant N3PK, i.e. 41.920 kg/ha, which indicates the fact that nitrogen has direct influence over the vegetation mass of sugar beet.

Sugar beet from field clamps -harvest quality and storage loss

2018 ◽  
pp. 639-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Commercial Sugar ◽  
And Storage ◽  
High Storage

Harvest quality of sugar beet varies according to soil conditions, harvester type and setting, and variety, too. Harvest quality may affect storage losses, in particular when injuries occur. To determine the harvest quality of commercial sugar beet and to quantify resulting storage losses, 92 commercial sugar beet clamps were sampled across Germany and information about harvest conditions were gathered. At IfZ, soil tare, leaf residues, topping diameter, root tip breakage and surface damage of the beets were determined. The beets were stored in 6 replicates in a climate container at 9°C for 10 weeks. The results demonstrate a rather good harvesting quality of sugar beet in Germany. Soil moisture at harvest did not affect harvest quality and storage losses. Very light, but also heavier soils lead to inferior harvest quality (soil tare, root tip breakage, damage) and slightly higher storage losses compared to the typical loam soils. Significant differences occurred between the three harvester types (companies). In general, high root tip breakage and severe surface damage of the beet was related to a high infestation with mould and rots, high invert sugar contents after storage and high sugar losses. Out of the five most planted varieties, in particular one turned out to be very susceptible to damage, resulting in high storage losses. The factor analysis suggests that the effect of harvester / harvester setting and of variety is more important for harvest quality and storage losses of sugar beet than soil conditions at harvest. Therefore, attention should be paid to optimize these conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of natural and growing conditions on the contentof phenolics in potatoes with different flesh colour

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 368-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hamouz ◽  
J. Lachman ◽  
K. Hejtmánková ◽  
K. Pazderů ◽  
M. Čížek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Flesh Colour ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The Impact

In precise field trials in the Czech Republic from 2004–2008 the impact of location conditions, varieties with yellow, purple and red flesh and mineral fertilization on the content of total polyphenols (TP) and chlorogenic acid was investigated. The highest TP contents were reported at two locations with extreme climatic conditions; in those under stress due to low temperatures in the vegetation period at the mountainous area Stachy (5.89 mg TP/g DM) and those under drought stress in the warm lowland location Přerov nad Labem with light sandy soil (5.81 mg TP/g DM). The five-year experiment with the purple-fleshed Valfi variety (13.29 mg TP/g DM) reached 2.46 to 3.18 times higher content of TP in comparison with eight yellow-fleshed varieties. The yellow-fleshed Karin variety (5.39 mg TP/g DM) outperformed TP content of other yellow-fleshed varieties by 3.1 to 29.1%. In another experiment conclusive differences between the eight varieties with purple and red flesh were found; the highest TP content was detected in cv. Violette (25.9 mg TP/g DM) with the darkest purple flesh. As to the chlorogenic acid content similar relationships between varieties were found as in the case of TP. High linear correlation (r = 0.8536) was found between the content of chlorogenic acid and the content of TP. Among the treatments of mineral N, P, K and Mg fertilization, the content of TP was only affected by a treatment with a higher dose of K and Mg, causing a decrease in TP content.

Dry matter and sugar content as parameters to assess the quality of sugar beet varieties for anaerobic digestion

2014 ◽  
pp. 232-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Starke ◽  
Christa Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
The Impact

Sugar beet is considered as biogas substrate because of its high yield. However, varieties differ in quality, in particular sugar content, which might affect biogas formation. The study aimed at analysing the impact of different beet qualities on biogas formation. Furthermore, parameters describing beet quality for anaerobic digestion should be found. From 2009 to 2011 field trials with several sugar beet varieties and a fodder beet variety were conducted with different N application rates at sites near Göttingen and Regensburg to get a broad range of beet qualities. The dry matter composition of beets, leaves, winter beet, bolters and maize was analysed. Discontinuous batch trials with fresh beet material were conducted to determine biogas formation. Sugar beet varieties did not differ in their dry matter composition and thus in biogas formation, whereas differences occurred between sugar beet and other substrates. Sugar beet was characterised by a high content of organic dry matter (98% oDM). The degradation time was mainly affected by the crude fibre content of the material. Therefore 90% of the biogas from sugar beet was formed within 3.5 days, whereas from winter beet, bolters and maize it took more than 10 days. The calculation of the specific biogas yield of different sugar beet qualities with two formulae resulted in lower values than determined in batch trials. A formula was derived to assess sugar beet quality for anaerobic digestion based on the sugar content, as increasing sugar contents lead to increasing specific biogas yields per kilogramme fresh matter.

Importance of harvesting system and variety for storage losses of sugar beet

2018 ◽  
pp. 474-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa Hoffmann ◽  
Meik Engelhardt ◽  
Michael Gallmeier ◽  
Michael Gruber ◽  
Bernward Märländer
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Optimal Setting ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Extent Of Damage ◽  
The Impact

Damage resulting from harvest operations increases the storage losses of sugar beet. Because of different equipment, the kind and extent of damage may differ between harvesting systems. The objective of the study was to analyze (I) the impact of different harvesting systems and cleaning intensities on damages of sugar beet, and furthermore, (II) the effect of these damages on storage losses. In 2015 and 2016 at four sites, two sugar beet varieties were harvested with two six-row harvesters (axial rollers versus turbines for cleaning) using three cleaning intensities with three replicates in tracks of 200m length. Roots were stored in a climate container at 9°C for 5 and 12 weeks. The results show that the diameter of root tip breakage and surface damage increased with cleaning intensity. Marked differences occurred among varieties and sites. The factor analysis indicates that the extent of damage (root tip breakage, surface damage) had a considerable impact on the infestation with mold and rots, the accumulation of invert sugar and sugar losses after storage. However, the higher root tip breakage of beets harvested by harvester2 was accompanied by lower sugar losses than in harvester1 after 12weeks storage, in particular with the aggressive cleaning intensity. The marked impact of the cleaning intensity emphasizes the importance of the operator and of the optimal setting of the harvester for a good harvest quality and thus storability of sugar beet.

scholarly journals Influence of sowing and harvest dates on production of two different cultivars of sugar beet  

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlů Klára ◽  
Chochola Jaromír ◽  
Pulkrábek Josef ◽  
Urban Jaroslav
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Infested Site

Small-plot trials conducted in 2013–2015 studied the impact of longer vegetation periods (by means of earlier drilling and/or later harvest) on production results of two sugar beet cultivars – one nematode-tolerant cultivar and one cultivar without such tolerance. The trials took place at two sites with different Heterodera schachtii infestation levels. In all trial seasons, root yield was significantly higher in the earlier drilled plots. On average, prolongation of the vegetation period in spring by 13 days increased root yield by 10.9%. Therefore, each day by which drilling is postponed represents a 0.7–0.8% loss of yield. As to sugar content, no statistically significant benefit of vegetation period prolongation by early drilling was found. The spring gain was slightly higher for the non-tolerant cultivar than for the tolerant one on average over all trial seasons. This result confirms the theory that nematodes impact the crop mainly in later stages of vegetation, and early drilling can thus help eliminating, to a certain degree, the risk of nematode damage. In the autumn, root yield increased by 14.3% on average over 39 days. The autumn daily gain was about half of the rate found in the spring. The increase in sugar content was between 0.6% and 1% (abs.) on average. Autumn growth achieved at the non-infested site was much higher than at the infested site.  

scholarly journals Influence of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus on Sugar Beet Storability

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl A. Strausbaugh ◽  
Eugene Rearick ◽  
Stacey Camp ◽  
John J. Gallian ◽  
Alan T. Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Rhizomania Resistance ◽  
Sugar Reduction ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Production Problems

Rhizomania caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) and storage losses are serious sugar beet production problems. To investigate the influence of BNYVV on storability, six sugar beet cultivars varying for resistance to BNYVV were grown in 2005 and 2006 in southern Idaho fields with and without BNYVV-infested soil. At harvest, samples from each cultivar were placed in an outdoor ventilated pile in Twin Falls, ID and were removed at 40-day intervals starting at the end of October. After 144 and 142 days in storage, sugar reduction across cultivars averaged 20 and 13% without and 68 and 21% with BNYVV for the 2005 and 2006 roots, respectively. In the December samplings, frozen root area was 1 and 2% without and 25 and 41% with BNYVV for the 2005 and 2006 roots, respectively. Root rot was always worse with stored roots from BYNVV-infested soil in December, January, and February samplings. Root weight loss was variable in 2005; however, in 2006, an increase in weight reduction always was associated with BNYVV-infested roots. In order to prevent losses in rhizomania-infested areas, cultivars should be selected for storability as well as rhizomania resistance.

Root tissue strength and storage losses of sugar beet varieties as affected by N application and irrigation

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Christa M. Hoffmann ◽  
Gunnar Kleuker ◽  
André Wauters ◽  
William English ◽  
Martijn Leijdekkers
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
N Application ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Damage Susceptibility ◽  
And Storage

There is some evidence that sugar beet root tissue strength affects damage susceptibility and storage losses. This study aimed at analyzing the effect of N application and of irrigation on tissue strength of sugar beet varieties, on root composition, and on root tip breakage and storage losses. For this purpose, field trials in six replicates with three sugar beet varieties were carried out with three N doses in The Netherlands and Belgium in 2018 and 2019, alternatively with three irrigation treatments in Sweden in 2018 and 2019. Results show a low impact of N application and irrigation on puncture resistance, tissue firmness and compressive strength of the roots, while varieties differed always stronger and significantly. Cell wall composition (pectin, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin) did not differ markedly in roots from different environments (sites, years) and varieties, giving no explanation for differences in tissue strength. However, the percentage of cell wall material (AIR, marc) and of dry matter were higher in roots with higher tissue strength. Root tip breakage and sugar losses during storage tended to be lower when root compressive strength of varieties was higher. Hence, root tissue strength could serve as an indirect selection criterion for reduced damage susceptibility and improved storability of sugar beet varieties.

scholarly journals Efficacy of fungicide tebuconazole in barley varieties with different resistance level

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. SOOVÄLI ◽  
M. KOPPEL
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Resistant Genotype ◽  
Treatment Regimes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kernel Yield

Efficacy of the fungicide tebuconazole was tested in 2 treatment regimes in 3 spring barley varieties over three years (2003–2005). The impact of the fungicide on the control of major barley pathogens Pyrenophora teres and Cochliobolus sativus, as well as kernel yield was studied in the course of field trials. The fungicide treatments had a strong impact on the control of infection of P. teres and increased kernel yield in variable disease infection conditions. For the more resistant genotype, fungicide application had relatively low returns because of the much higher level of biological resistance and small disease-related yield reductions. For the susceptible genotype, severe disease infection caused bigger yield reduction, not compensated by the use of fungicides. Use of fungicide demonstrated the highest economic return in the case of the moderately susceptible barley variety.;

The impact of metal silos on rice storage and storage losses in China

Food Security ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Luo ◽  
Dong Huang ◽  
Laping Wu ◽  
Junfeng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Storage Losses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage
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