Technological aspects of the beet yard operation

2020 ◽  
pp. 214-219
Author(s):  
Jan Maarten de Bruijn
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sugar Loss

The beet yard operation comprises the handling of sugar beets after they are received on site up to the beet hopper. It is not intended here to present a detailed description of all the individual steps involved, but rather to focus on the main technological objectives of the beet yard operation: sufficient removal of soil from the beets while limiting the associated (unavoidable) sugar loss as much as possible. Parameters considered are: – Washing requirements for beets from heavy (clay) soil versus beets with easy to remove light (sandy) soil; – On site beet storage, as well as dry or wet beet intake; – Sugar losses in different steps of beet washing and impact of retention time; – Residual soil adhering to the beets after washing and HCl-insoluble ash in pulp.

Effects of hatching factors on potato cyst nematode hatch and in-egg mortality in soil and in vitro

Nematology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Jones ◽  
Ken Devine
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Tomato Root ◽  
Egg Mortality

AbstractThe exogenous application to three Globodera pallida-infested fields of tomato root leachate (TRL) containing hatching factors increased nematode hatch and in-egg mortality, particularly in a highly organic soil, and in a sandy but not in a clay soil. The most active concentrations of TRL (7.5-12.5 mg m-2) resulted in a reduction of between 69 and 79% in the number of viable eggs per cyst recovered 12 weeks after TRL application. At high hatching factor concentrations, supra-optimal inhibition of both hatch and in-egg mortality was observed; generally, hatch and in-egg mortality exhibited similar dosage-responses to TRL. A significant TRL dosage-hatch response was observed at 4 weeks after TRL application only in the sandy soil. In vitro, a G. pallida population exhibiting moderate hatch gave similar hatching and in-egg mortality responses as in the field experiment. The response of the PCN populations in vitro was found to be dependent on the physiological state of the egg/juvenile complex, with egg populations in diapause responding to the presence of natural and artificial hatching factors by exhibiting increased in-egg mortality but not increased hatch. The results are discussed in relation to novel G. pallida control measures.

Investigation into the effect of tillage on solute movement to drains through a heavy clay soil

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.D. Brown ◽  
V.L. Marshall ◽  
A. Deas ◽  
A.D. Carter ◽  
D. Arnold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clay Soil ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
Solute Movement

Investigations in crop husbandry. III. Effect of time of application of sulphate of ammonia to wheat

1936 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Garner ◽  
H. G. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Poor Condition ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Gravelly Soil ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
Crop Husbandry

1. Over a period of six years seven field experiments were carried out to study the effect of the time of application of sulphate of ammonia to autumn-sown wheat.2. Three experiments were located on light gravelly soil which had been farmed highly for some years, and in those three cases sulphate of ammonia decreased yield, irrespective of time of application; the reduction in yield was of the order of 10 per cent. and is ascribed to more lodging and greater incidence of “foot-rot”.3. Three experiments were located on heavy clay soil in poor condition; in these sulphate of ammonia gave percentage increases in yield of 18, 20 and 7.4. Evidence is produced that early dressings of sulphate of ammonia do not affect germination or plant establishment, but that they tend to increase tiller formation by the end of February.

scholarly journals Reclamation of a Saline-Sodic Soil by Use of Molasses and Distillery Slops

1969 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-217
Author(s):  
Raúl Pérez Escolar
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Mass Action ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Action Effect ◽  
Saturation Extract ◽  
Heavy Clay

Data are presented on a laboratory study conducted to determine the effects of the use of blackstrap molasses and rum distillery slops on the reclamation of a highly saline-alkali heavy clay soil of southwestern Puerto Rico. The study revealed that even the lowest levels of distillery slops and diluted molasses, around 2.3 acre-inch, were sufficient to lower the conductivity of the soil-saturation extract from 67 mmhos/cm. to less than 3, and the exchangeable sodium percentage from 43 to less than 1 percent. It is believed that most of the Ca and Mg found in leachates of columns treated with the most slops or molasses may be attributed to the production of organic acids during the decomposition of slops and molasses. These organic acids rendered soluble the soil-free CaCO3 and MgCO3, widening the Ca and Mg:Na ratio to substitute the sodium by a mass action effect. Subjecting the soil to a dry period in between, the 6 and 7 acre-feet of water did not alter the movement of water and resulted in a complete soil reclamation.

scholarly journals Populasi Serangga Penyerbuk Kelapa Sawit Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Nilai Fruit Set pada Tanah Berliat, Berpasir dan Gambut di Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia

Agrikultura ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fizrul Indra Lubis ◽  
Sudarjat Sudarjat ◽  
Danar Dono
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Palm Weevil ◽  
Elaeidobius Kamerunicus ◽  
Set Value

ABSTRACTPopulation of soil palm weevil pollinator Elaeidobius kamerunicus FAUST and its impact on fruit setvalue at clay, sandy and peat soil types in central Kalimantan, di IndonesiaOil palm weevil pollinator Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust plays an important role in the increasing oilpalm fruit set value. Along with the development of oil palm, fruit set problems occurred in recentdecades in some parts of Indonesia. An experiment was carried out on a seven years old oil palmplantation located at Selangkun Estate, Kotawaringin Barat, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia to find outthe influence of population E. kamerunicus on pollination efficiency at clay, sandy and peat soil types.Relative to other soil types, a high weevil population on male (50,811 weevils/ha ; 72 weevils/spikelet)and female (219 weevils) inflorescences had been recorded at clay soil. Fruit set value on clay soil 58.9%and significantly different with sandy soil of 49.8% and peat soil of 46.4%. Population E. kamerunicusper ha influenced fruit set value at clay, sandy and peat soil types. Number of E. kamerunicus visitedfemale inflorescences did not influenced fruit set value at clay, sandy and peat soil types.Keywords: Clay soil, Elaeidobius kamerunicus, fruit set, peat soil, population, sandy soil ABSTRAKSerangga penyerbuk kelapa sawit Elaeidobius kamerunicus FAUST berperan penting dalam peningkatannilai fruit set kelapa sawit. Seiring dengan perkembangan kelapa sawit, adanya permasalahan nilai fruitset telah terjadi dalam beberapa kurun waktu di beberapa wilayah Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan diperkebunan kelapa sawit yang telah berumur tujuh tahun, berlokasi di Selangkung, Kotawaringin Barat,Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia dan bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh populasi E. Kamerunicusterhadap efisiensi penyerbukan pada tipe tanah liat, pasir dan gambut. Berdasarkan tipe tanahdilaporkan bahwa tingginya populasi kumbang pada bunga jantan yaitu (50.811 kumbang/ha; 72kumbang/spikelet) dan bunga betina yang sedang mekar (219 kumbang) pada tipe tanah berliat.Adapun, nilai fruit set pada tanah liat sebesar 58,9% dan berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan tanahberpasir (49,8%) dan gambut (46,4%). Populasi E. kamerunicus per ha berpengaruh terhadap nilai fruitset pada tipe tanah liat, pasir dan gambut. Namun, jumlah E. kamerunicus yang mengunjungi bungabetina yang sedang mekar tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai fruit set pada tipe tanah liat, pasir dangambut.Kata Kunci : Elaeidobius kamerunicus, Fruit set , Populasi, Tanah Gambut, Tanah liat, Tanah Pasir

scholarly journals Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra (Linnaeus, 1753)) roots aqueous extract and some additives against Bactrocera zonata (Saunders, 1841) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (2 - Ahead of print) ◽  
pp. 70-85
Author(s):  
Mervat Abdel-Moneauim Mostafa El-Genaidy ◽  
Mohamed Abd El-Aziz Mohamed Hindy ◽  
Nehad Abdel-Hameed Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Insecticidal Effect ◽  
Bactrocera Zonata ◽  
Light Mineral ◽  
Petroleum Oil

Peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders, 1841) is a destructive polyphagous pest threatening the horticultural production in Egypt. Licorice, Glycyrrhiza glabra (Linnaeus, 1753) is a plant growing in Egypt and many other countries and famous for saponins groups that have insecticidal effect against broad spectrum of insect pests. In the present study, the insecticidal effect of licorice roots aqueous extract (LRAE), petroleum oil, KZ light mineral oil 96% (EC), water and an emulsion (1/4 L LRAE + ¼ L petroleum oil + ½ L KZ light oil 96% (EC)) treatments in a ratio 1 L: 29 L water were used in Matabi® sprayer of 30 L capacity against B. zonata pupae in sandy and clay soils. In sandy and clay soils LRAE reduced B. zonata population by 74.44% and 87.55% while petroleum oil, KZ light mineral oil 96% (EC) prevented flies emergence (100% reduction). Water treatment suppressed B. zonata population by 78.61% in sandy soil but caused 100% population reduction in clay soil. The emulsion reduced B. zonata population by 96.94% in sandy soil and 100% in clay soil. The best method for application of the emulsion was to spray as one target spray technique for eight seconds that was sufficient to obtain suitable coverage on soil with spray speed 1.2 km / hour. The persistence of the emulsion that highly reduced B. zonata larval populations was 3.5 and 4.5 days in sandy and clay soils, respectively. The flies emerged from B. zonata pupae treated with the emulsion neither feed nor move naturally. The histological studies showed that these flies suffered changes in the eyes, labellum, muscles and midgut tissues that were different from the emerged control treatment flies.

scholarly journals Studying the Solubility, availability, and uptake of silicon (Si) from some ore minerals in sandy soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rama T. Rashad ◽  
Rashad A. Hussien
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Available N ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Silicon Uptake ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Ore Minerals ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
The Individual

The solubility and availability of Si from the feldspar, silica, and zeolite as Si-bearing minerals were studied in a sandy soil. Silicon uptake by the soybean (<em>Glycine max L.</em>)<em> </em>plant was discussed. The minerals used were applied before planting in two separate rates; rate 1 ≈ 595.2 and rate 2 ≈ 1190.5 kg ha<strong><sup>-1</sup></strong> accompanied by a ≈ 4.8 kg ha<strong><sup>-1</sup></strong> constant rate of the K-humate sprayed as a solution on soil after planting in a complete randomized block design. The dissolved Si from the different minerals at rate 2 followed an opposite direction to their SiO<sub>2</sub> percentage that may be due to the structural differences: silica (1.46 mg kg<strong><sup>-1</sup></strong> - SiO<sub>2 </sub>=98.4%) &lt; zeolite (1.71 mg kg<strong><sup>-1</sup></strong> - SiO<sub>2 </sub>=75.9%) &lt; feldspar (2.09 mg kg<strong><sup>-1</sup></strong> - SiO<sub>2 </sub>= 71.9%). The individual mineral treatments at rate 2 have almost decreased the available NPK estimated after soybean harvesting. The K-humate has enhanced the effect of silica at rate 2 for the available N and P. The soybean seed yield (kg ha<strong><sup>-1</sup></strong>) increased significantly by 117.9% for the S1 + H, 109.2% for K-humate and 57.5% for the Z2 + H. The seeds’ Si (mg kg<strong><sup>-1</sup></strong>) increased significantly from 3.6% to 102.9% affected by the silica treatments.

scholarly journals Surface irrigation with saline water on a heavy clay soil in the Medjerda Valley, Tunisia.

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-303
Author(s):  
J.A. Van 't Leven ◽  
M.A. Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Surface Irrigation ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Fallow Period ◽  
Salinity Effects ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Resting Period

On a clay soil rich in lime, with drain spacings of 30 and 60 m, one section (A) after four crops of artichokes over a two-year period, with fairly intensive irrigation with saline water (approx 700 mm annually) showed no harmful salinity effects; in the upper 120 cm the electrical conductivity of soil extracts (EC) seldom exceeded five. On section B, with well-distributed irrigation, which was not intensive except for tomatoes in one summer, salinity was fairly uniform in the profile (EC 4-6). In section C, under continuous lucerne and with 1000-1200 mm water annually, salinity increased, especially with depth, and a fallow period was needed. In section D, under four artichoke crops followed by maize, with more intensive irrigation than in A and B, EC of the 80-120 cm layer was 7-8, and maize growth was retarded slightly. In addition to fallowing, the inclusion in rotations of winter crops and of perennials with a resting period in summer, e.g. artichokes, is recommended. A drain spacing of 60 m was adequate. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Effects of water stress and soil type on photosynthesis, leaf water potential and yield of olive trees (Olea europaea L. cv. Chemlali Sfax)

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ben Rouina ◽  
A. Trigui ◽  
R. d'Andria ◽  
M. Boukhris ◽  
M. Chaïeb
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Olive Trees

In Tunisia, olives are grown under severe rain-fed, arid conditions. To determine the behaviour of olive trees (cv. Chemlali Sfax) during the severe drought affecting Tunisian arid areas in 2002, a range of physiological parameters were investigated in three adjacent orchards. Two olive orchards were rain-fed, one located on a sandy soil, and the other on a sandy-loam clay soil. A third orchard was also located on sandy soil, but received remedial irrigation (415 mm of water per year; ~40% of olive evapotranspiration). Predawn leaf water potential (Ψpd) did not fall below –1.52 MPa for irrigated olive trees. However, a large decrease in Ψpd was observed for rain-fed olive trees in the same period with Ψpd measured at about –3.2 MPa on sandy soil and –3.6 MPa on sandy-loam clay soil. At the same time, the minimal leaf water potential recorded at midday (Ψmin) decreased to –4.15 MPa and –4.71 MPa in the rain-fed trees for sandy and sandy-loam clay soil, respectively. For irrigated trees, the Ψmin was –1.95 MPa. These results were associated with relative water content, which varied from 80% for irrigated trees to 54 and 43.6%, respectively, for rain-fed trees and trees subjected to severe drought. In August, when the relative water content values were less than 50%, a progressive desiccation in the outer layer of canopy and death of terminal shoots were observed in trees, which grew on the sandy-loam clay soil. Furthermore, low soil water availability also affected (negatively) the net photosynthetic rate in rain-fed orchards (10.3 µmol/m2.s for irrigated trees v. 5.3 µmol/m2.s in rain-fed trees on sandy soil) and stomatal conductance (98.5 mmol/m2.s v. 69.3 mmol/m2.s). However, it improved water use efficiency (7.6 v. 4.7 µmol CO2/mmol H2O), which increased by more than 50% in both groups of rain-fed trees compared with the irrigated ones. We can conclude that olive trees respond to drought by showing significant changes in their physiological and biological mechanisms. These results also help our understanding of how olive trees cope with water stress in the field and how marginal soils can restrict growth and lower yields.

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