Impact of beet quality on sugar manufacture Part 1. General considerations of the technological beet quality

2020 ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
Jan Maarten de Bruijn
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Affect Processing

Without doubt, the sugar content is the major quality parameter of sugar beets. The amount of sugar which can be crystallized as white sugar in processing is often predicted using empirical formula. These formulas are usually based on the potassium, sodium and amino-nitrogen content of the beets. The amount of sugar that cannot be crystallized (i.e. the sugar contained in molasses) is related to these internal quality parameters. However, from a process technology perspective other beet quality parameters play an important role too and may have a considerable impact on the efficiency of beet processing and thus production costs. The first part of this paper presents an overview of the technologically considered important external and internal beet quality parameters and how they affect processing.

Development of the sugar beet quality in the Netherlands since 1980 and introduction of invert sugar as a new parameter for beet quality assessment

2015 ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk P. Vermeulen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Thick Juice ◽  
Trial Phase

The technological beet quality has been always important for the processors of sugar beet. An investigation into the development of the beet quality in the Netherlands since 1980 has shown that beet quality has improved significantly. Internal quality parameters that are traditionally determined in the beet laboratory, i.e. sugar content, Na, K and -aminoN, all show an improving trend over the years. In the factories, better beet quality has led to lower lime consumption in the juice purification and significantly higher thick juice purity. In 2013, Suiker Unie introduced the serial analysis of the glucose content in beet brei as part of the routine quality assessment of the beet. The invert sugar content is subsequently calculated from glucose content with a new correlation. The background, the trial phase and the first experiences with the glucose analyzer are discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of 2,4-DP- P (2,4-Dichlorophenoxypropionic Acid-P) Plant Growth Regulator on Fruit Size and Yield of Star Ruby Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Osb.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1279
Author(s):  
Bilge Yilmaz ◽  
Berken Çimen ◽  
Turgut Yesiloglu ◽  
Meral Incesu ◽  
Muge Uysal Kamiloglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Old Trees

Star Ruby is the main grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) variety grown in Turkey; however, small fruit size is a common problem in ‘Star Ruby’ grapefruit. Fruit size is a decisive external quality parameter in citrus at the marketing of fresh citrus fruits. Fruit size can be enhanced by several techniques such as girdling and thinning. Various plant growth regulators are known to affect the growth and size of citrus fruit. The objective of the present study was to observe the effects of 2,4 dichlorophenoxypropionic acid-p (2,4-DP-P) on the fruit size, yield and quality of Star Ruby from 20-year-old trees budded on sour orange rootstock in Adana, Turkey in 2007. Four concentrations (50, 100, 150 and 300 ppm) of 2,4-DP-P were applied 8 weeks after anthesis during physiological fruit drop when the mean fruit diameter was 13-15 mm. The results indicated that the application of 2,4-DP-P increased the fruit size of Star Ruby grapefruit without reducing yield. The application had a significant effect on fruit yield except for trees treated with 50 ppm 2,4-DP-P. Compared with the control trees, applications of 2,4-DP-P increased the number of large, commercially valuable Star Ruby (>93 mm, 89-93 mm and 84-89 mm). No effects were determined on fruit internal quality parameters. Thus, the results of the present study revealed that 2,4-DP-P can be used to improve the fruit size of Star Ruby fruitlets during the June drop.

Effect of sewage sludge and sloughterhouse waste compost on plant growth

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Petróczki
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Experimental Plant

Until the 1950s plant nutrition consisted of the application of farmyard manure as part of the within-farm nutritive cycle. As production intensified, artificial fertilizers quickly gained a dominant role. The appearance of environmental damage and the rise in production costs raised the question of the wider application of organic manures. To face this challenge a series of experiments was performed, to examine the possibility of reusing sewage sludge and slaughterhouse waste compost, taking into account the costs and environmental regulations. At the premises of Beta-Research Ltd. in Sopronhorpács a 2-year plot experiment with 2 factors and 4 repetitions in randomly arranged blocks was carried out in 2000 and 2001. The experimental plant was sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. var. saccharifera Alef.) in the first year and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in the second year. The aim of the experiment was to examine the effect of sewage sludge and slaughterhouse waste compost on plant growth and internal parameters and to determine the optimal and unfavourable rates of these manures from the agricultural point of view. Evaluating the data it was found that the treatments caused statistically significant (LSD5%) differences in yield, sugar content, retrievable sugar content, sugar yield, a-amino-nitrogen and potassium content and recoverability quotient compared to the control. An analysis of the experimental results demonstrated that 25-50 t/ha sewage sludge application could be recommended under the given field conditions, while compost could be applied at a rate of 150-200 t/ha without any danger of damaging the plants. Several further factors, such as soil, human and animal hygiene and plant nutrition, must also be considered if safe application is to be achieved in the long term.

scholarly journals Changes in the technological properties of sugar beet root crops during industrial storage in ventilated piles

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00078
Author(s):  
Marina Egorova ◽  
Lyubov Puzanova ◽  
Lyudmila Smirnova ◽  
Elena Leonteva
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Forced Ventilation ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Industrial Storage

When storing sugar beets in natural conditions, transformations of the chemical composition occur in it, leading to the accumulation of non-sugars, which reduces the processing efficiency and sugar yield. The use of the technology of forced ventilation of the air environment of the kagats is aimed at reducing the negative impact of the ongoing processes. This study presents the results of changes in the technological properties of sugar beets during industrial storage of two types: in a ventilated rack, in a rack without ventilation. It was shown that forced ventilation of the air in the stagger led to slower development of diseases of root crops with stag rot, the processes proceeded 2 times slower. Changes in the chemical composition of sugar beets after 45 and 60 days of storage are shown. When sugar beets were stored in a ventilated stagger for 60 days, the daily decrease in sugar content was 1.6 times lower than when stored in a staggered rack without ventilation; the increase in the content of reducing substances is 3.5 times lower, α-amino nitrogen, potassium, sodium - on average 1.2 times lower. The calculated sugar yield for the storage conditions of sugar beets in a ventilated trough was 1.1 times higher than when stored in a trough without ventilation. It has been established that the creation of more favorable conditions for the air environment of the sugar beet pile through forced ventilation reduces the intensity of natural biochemical and microbiological processes in root crops, extends the shelf life of their technological properties, and ensures the economic efficiency of sugar production.

Evaluation of an alternative method for the prediction of the technological beet quality

2012 ◽  
pp. 88-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Emerstorfer ◽  
Walter Hein ◽  
Hans Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Variety Trial ◽  
Methods Of Calculation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Thick Juice ◽  
Predictive Formulas

Stagnation of the technological beet quality in Austria has peaked in discussions about methods of calculation used for predicting the same. Consequently, a project was started in 2010 in order to compare various predictive formulas for the technological beet quality on the basis of beet material from a practice variety trial as well as from weekly blended samples collected in the last campaign at Leopoldsdorf and Tulln. The beet material was analyzed for the common quality parameters such as sodium, potassium, -amino nitrogen and sugar content as well as for dry substance for a so-called “refractometer formula”. Finally, results for thick juice purity were calculated with different “classical formulas” and the “refractometer formula”. Comparing these results, the latter delivered the highest values. However, aside from a formula which also takes into account invert sugar, only the “refractometer formula” considerably reacted to decreasing beet quality over the progression of the last campaign. Consequently, it is planned to recalculate the factors of this formula because it is based on a simpler and less time-consuming analytical procedure compared to formulas which take into account invert sugar.

Productivity of sugar beets depending on the method of main soil tillage and levels of fertilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (94) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
M. L. Tyrus
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Yielding Capacity ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Favorable Weather ◽  
Fertilization Level

Soil tillage and fertilization level are important in the system of agro-technical measures that increase soil fertility and sugar beets productivity. Today the cultivation of this crop requires a great deal of expense, therefore, there is a need for a wider study of the use of cheap soil cultivation, soil protection, energy-saving soil tillage technologies and appropriate ferti-lization levels. Under western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine conditions, investigations were conducted on dark grey podzolic light loamy soils where the influence of tillage models and fertilization levels on the formation of sugar beets root crops was studied. Shallow no-plow tillage of the soil on 14-16 cm is expedient to use as a main tillage under sugar beets. Under favorable weather and climatic conditions, it can provide yielding capacity at the level of deep fall plowing. The use of shallow no-plow tillage helped to increase the yielding capacity of sugar beet roots relative to plowing by 28-30 cm for 1.3 t / ha and the biological sugar output – for 0.2 t / ha. Then the sugar content was by 0.1% higher in the application of deep fall plowing on 28-30 cm. The optimization of the system of sugar beets fertilization allows ensuring the growth of the yielding capacity of root crops. It is established that the application of fertilizer norm N300P225K350 provides the yielding capacity at the level of 90 t / ha. The sugar content of root crops at the given fertilizer rate was the lowest in the experiment - 16.5 – 16.6%. Thanks to the high yielding capacity of root crops in terms of N300P225K350, the sugar harvesting was the highest and depending on the method of basic soil tillage was 14.95 – 14.79 t / ha. That is in 3.2 times more as to the control, in 1.3 times more than the norm of N180P135K210 and in 1.1 more than the fertilization level N240P180K280.

scholarly journals Preliminary Insights in Sensory Profile of Sweet Cherries

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 612
Author(s):  
Vânia Silva ◽  
Sandra Pereira ◽  
Alice Vilela ◽  
Eunice Bacelar ◽  
Francisco Guedes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Sensory Data

Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a fruit appreciated by consumers for its well-known physical and sensory characteristics and its health benefits. Being an extremely perishable fruit, it is important to know the unique attributes of the cultivars to develop cultivation or postharvest strategies that can enhance their quality. This study aimed to understand the influence of physicochemical characteristics of two sweet cherry cultivars, Burlat and Van, on the food quality perception. Several parameters (weight, dimensions, soluble solids content (SSC), pH, titratable acidity (TA), colour, and texture) were measured and correlated with sensory data. Results showed that cv. Van presented heavier and firmer fruits with high sugar content. In turn, cv. Burlat showed higher pH, lower TA, and presented redder and brightest fruits. The principal component analysis revealed an evident separation between cultivars. Van cherries stood out for their sensory parameters and were classified as more acidic, bitter, and astringent, and presented a firmer texture. Contrarily, Burlat cherries were distinguished as being more flavourful, succulent, sweeter, and more uniform in terms of visual and colour parameters. The results of the sensory analysis suggested that perceived quality does not always depend on and/or recognize the quality parameters inherent to the physicochemical characteristics of each cultivar.

scholarly journals Effect of irrigation and potassium application in melon (Cucumis melo L.) production. II: Quality

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ribas ◽  
M.J. Cabello ◽  
M.M. Moreno ◽  
A. Moreno ◽  
L. López-Bellido
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Cucumis Melo L

The influence of different watering regimes and of potassium applications on the quality of the melon cultivar «Pielde Sapo» was studied over a two-year period (1995 and 1996). The statistical design was a split-plot with four replications,where irrigation was the main factor and applied potassium was the secondary factor. Water levels were determinedaccording to the watering needs (NRc) calculated on the basis of crop evapotranspiration. Four irrigationtreatments were tested: 1.25 NRc; 1.00 NRc; 0.75 NRc and 0.50 NRc. Two potassium treatments were applied: K0 (0UF) and K1 (375 UF K2O in 1995 and 2 L ha–1 of a commercial product for spraying 20% of K2O in 1996). The potassiumdoses tested did not significantly influence any of the quality parameters studied except for flesh firmness inthe placenta area in 1995. Both in 1995 and 1996, the water deficit significantly reduced fruit size and flesh thickness.The severe water restriction caused a strict decrease in the percentage of fruits with recorded weight above 2.5kg. However, the weight percentage of the placenta plus the seeds in relation to the whole fruit, and the sugar content,both increased significantly in water deficient treatments. In 1995, skin thickness decreased with less irrigation whileflesh firmness increased. Following quality concerns, and in order to obtain large fruits with appropriate levels ofsugar, it is advisable to provide water amounts that meet the crop’s watering needs

scholarly journals The role of meteorological variables of blossoming and ripening within the tendency of qualitative indexes of sour cherry

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lakatos ◽  
T. Szabó ◽  
Z. Sun ◽  
M. Soltész ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Night And Day

We analyzed the relationship to sour cherry quality parameters of average temperature, maximum temperature, minimumtemperature, night and day-time temperature, precipitation and climatic water balance variables. Three cultivars of sour cherry were includedin the selection: “Debreceni bôtermô”, “Kántorjánosi”, and “Újfehértói fürtös”.We conducted regression analyzes on the three varieties, butpresent only those that proved to be the best fit.We couldn’t find any significant differences in the weather tolerance of the varieties. The database of sour cherry quality parameters covers the 1998 to 2008 intervals. The researched parameters were the following: dry matter content(%), sugar content (%), C-vitamin (mg), total acid content (%). Maximum temperature, the difference of night and day-time temperature andminimum temperature all have a significant correlation with the investigated quality parameters of sour cherry. Minimum temperature showsa quadratic relationship with sugar content, while night and day-time temperature differences show the same with dry matter content. Theother weather parameters had a linear correlation with the quality parameters of sour cherry. The research results show that an increasingamount of precipitation causes decreasing tendency in total acid content of sour cherry, so that increasing temperature has a positive influenceon total acid content. Big differences in night and day-time temperature also has positive effects on the dry matter and sugar content of sourcherry while the amount of precipitation has a negative effect. High minimum temperatures cause decreasing sugar content respiratory energylosses are significant if dawn temperatures do not drop considerably.A more favourable climatic water balance has a positive effect on vitaminC content in cases of a large negative water balance, vitamin C content is generally low.

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