Facing the challenge of 2017: beet juice and ion exchange based softening technologies

2014 ◽  
pp. 745-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Beyerle ◽  
François Rousset ◽  
Nicolas-Julian Hilbold
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Associated Production ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Common Ion

This article will review common ion exchange-based softening technologies, describing how the most popular of them, the New Regeneration System (NRS) process, might be a key answer in facing the changes coming in 2017. The process’s principles and advantages will be explained, as well as the associated production-regeneration sequence. The combined use of additional technologies can play a critical role as well, and this article will demonstrate how the integration of additional technologies – in this case chromatography – can increase competitiveness.

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemical and Hydrodynamic Assessment of Tirnavos Basin, Central Greece

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 759
Author(s):  
Ioannis Vrouhakis ◽  
Evangelos Tziritis ◽  
Andreas Panagopoulos ◽  
Georgios Stamatis
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Multivariate Statistics ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Environmental Isotopes ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Central Greece ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Water Level Measurements ◽  
Groundwater Resources Management

A combined hydrogeochemical and hydrodynamic characterization for the assessment of key aspects related to groundwater resources management was performed in a highly productive agricultural basin of the Thessaly region in central Greece. A complementary suite of tools and methods—including graphical processing, hydrogeochemical modeling, multivariate statistics and environmental isotopes—have been applied to a comprehensive dataset of physicochemical analyses and water level measurements. Results revealed that the initial hydrogeochemistry of groundwater was progressively impacted by secondary phenomena (e.g., ion exchange and redox reactions) which were clearly delineated into distinct zones according to data processing. The progressive evolution of groundwater was further verified by the variation of the saturation indices of critical minerals. In addition, the combined use of water level measurements delineated the major pathways of groundwater flow. Interestingly, the additional joint assessment of environmental isotopes revealed a new pathway from E–NE (which had never before been validated), thus highlighting the importance of the joint tools/methods application in complex scientific tasks. The application of multivariate statistics identified the dominant processes that control hydrogeochemistry and fit well with identified hydrodynamic mechanisms. These included (as dominant factor) the salinization impact due to the combined use of irrigation water return and evaporitic mineral leaching, as well as the impact of the geogenic calcareous substrate (mainly karstic calcareous formations and dolostones). Secondary factors, acting as processes (e.g., redox and ion exchange), were identified and found to be in line with initial assessment, thus validating the overall characterization. Finally, the outcomes may prove to be valuable in the progression toward sustainable groundwater resources management. The results have provided spatial and temporal information for significant parameters, sources, and processes—which, as a methodological approach, could be adopted in similar cases of other catchments.

Modification of L Zeolite and Hydroisomerization of N-Dodecane over Pt/L Catalysts and Pt/SAPO-11 Catalyst

2011 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Han ◽  
Jing Jing Xu ◽  
Qin Wang ◽  
Dong Yan Wei ◽  
Jian Feng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Reaction Parameters ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Regeneration Property

We have presented the synthesis and modification of L zeolite, and have further investigated the hydroisomerization of n-dodecane over the Pt/HL catalyst in a fixed bed reactor by changing reaction parameters such as temperature and pressure, respectively. The results showed that the combined use of ion-exchange, critric acid treatment and hydrothermal treatment could improve the Si/Al ratio of L zeolite dramatically while the high crystallinity was held. The Pt/HL catalyst showed higher stability, good regeneration property, catalytic activity and selectivity to the branched isomers under relatively low reaction pressures compared to the Pt/SAPO-11 catalyst.

scholarly journals Surrounded catalysts prepared by ion-exchange inverse loading

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (20) ◽  
pp. eaay7031
Author(s):  
Panpan Hao ◽  
Mingjiang Xie ◽  
Shanyong Chen ◽  
Muhong Li ◽  
Feifei Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Supported Catalysts ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Supported Catalyst ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
Ion Exchange Reaction ◽  
Physical Isolation ◽  
Active Core ◽  
Catalytic Performances

The supported catalyst featuring highly dispersed active phase on support is the most important kind of industrial catalyst. Extensive research has demonstrated the critical role (in catalysis) of the interfacial interaction/perimeter sites between the active phase and support. However, the supported catalyst prepared by traditional methods generally presents low interface density because of limit contact area. Here, an ion-exchange inverse loading (IEIL) method has been developed, in which the precursor of support is controllably deposited onto the precursor of active phase by ion-exchange reaction, leading to an active core surrounded (by support) catalyst with various structures. The unique surrounded structure presents not only high interface density and mutually changed interface but also high stability due to the physical isolation of active phase, revealing superior catalytic performances to the traditional supported catalysts, suggesting the great potential of this new surrounded catalyst as the upgrade of supported catalyst in heterogeneous catalysis.

Critical Role of Ion Exchange Conditions on the Properties of Network Ionic Polymers

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1718-1725
Author(s):  
Naisong Shan ◽  
Chengtian Shen ◽  
Christopher M. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Ionic Polymers

Transfer of Electrolytes Across the Urinary Bladder in the Dog

1956 ◽  
Vol 184 (2) ◽  
pp. 406-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Hlad ◽  
Robert Nelson ◽  
J. H. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Transfer Process ◽  
Probable Explanation ◽  
Active Mechanism ◽  
Common Ion ◽  
Plasma Compartment

The transfer of certain electrolytes (Na22, Cl36, K42 and P32O4) from the isolated urinary bladder to the plasma compartment was studied in the dog. The rate of transfer was shown to be a function of the ph of the bladder contents over a range of 5 through 8. It was also shown that the rate of transfer was decreased by addition of common ion. Na22 and Cl36 showed greater rates of transfer than did P32O4 and K42. However, ph influences held true for all isotopes. No active mechanism of transfer could be demonstrated and it was concluded that ion exchange was the probable explanation for the transfer process.

Removal of alkylphenols by the combined use of tyrosinase immobilized on ion-exchange resins and chitosan beads

2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayumi Tamura ◽  
Erika Satoh ◽  
Ayumi Kashiwada ◽  
Kiyomi Matsuda ◽  
Kazunori Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Chitosan Beads ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Exchange Resins

scholarly journals Performance and cost characteristics of multi-electron transfer, common ion exchange non-aqueous redox flow batteries

2016 ◽  
Vol 327 ◽  
pp. 681-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney M. Laramie ◽  
Jarrod D. Milshtein ◽  
Tanya M. Breault ◽  
Fikile R. Brushett ◽  
Levi T. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Redox Flow Batteries ◽  
Flow Batteries ◽  
Common Ion ◽  
Cost Characteristics

Ion exchange strengthening and thermal expansion of glasses: Common origin and critical role of network connectivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 455 ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyi Wang ◽  
Bu Wang ◽  
N M Anoop Krishnan ◽  
Yingtian Yu ◽  
Morten M. Smedskjaer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Common Origin
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