Distribution of nonsugars in the ARi Coupled Loop molasses desugarization system

2011 ◽  
pp. 660-662
Author(s):  
D. Eugene Rearick ◽  
Cheri McKay ◽  
Alla Bagramyan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
High Molecular Mass ◽  
Inorganic Anions ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Composite Samples ◽  
Color Components

Weekly factory composite samples of feed and all exiting streams (after concentration) from a normally operating factory Coupled Loop molasses desugarization system were analyzed for sucrose, betaine, raffinose, common cations, inorganic anions, common organic acids, and amino acids. The percentage of total solids accounted for in all analyses was highest in the betaine fraction (which contains the highest proportion of betaine and amino acids) and lowest in feed and raffinate streams, which contain color components, high molecular mass compounds, and other unidentified materials. Distribution data for all analytes as aforementioned are given.

scholarly journals Biochemical characterization of a rat oncofetal colonic antigen defined by a monoclonal antibody raised against gastric surface epithelium

1993 ◽  
Vol 293 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Decaens ◽  
J Nardelli ◽  
J Bara ◽  
P Burtin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
High Molecular Mass ◽  
Disulphide Bond ◽  
Trypsin Digestion ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Mucin Glycoproteins ◽  
Peptide Core ◽  
Mucus Glycoproteins

The 660 epitope was defined by a monoclonal antibody raised against rat gastric surface epithelium scrapings. This epitope, a marker of goblet cell differentiation, shows oncofetal behaviour in the colonic mucosa. We found that it co-purified with gastric mucin glycoproteins. We isolated rat gastric mucus glycoproteins using standard techniques: gastric scrapings in PBS were submitted to isopycnic density gradient centrifugation in CsCl in the presence of proteinase inhibitors. Fractions of relative density 1.4-1.45 with a high neutral sugar/protein ratio were chromatographed on an Ultrogel A4 column. According to the usual criteria, the high-molecular mass glycoproteins recovered in the excluded volume were purified mucins; when stained with periodic acid/Schiff reagent, they showed little migration on 4-15% gradient gel acrylamide electrophoresis. Serine+threonine+proline residues accounted for 35% of the total amino acids; the carbohydrate composition consisted of galactose, fucose, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. These mucus glycoproteins carried the 660 epitope. After disulphide bond reduction, the remaining high-molecular-mass subunits were retained by the Ultrogel A4 column; amino acid and saccharide compositions were generally similar to those of the unreduced fraction. Trypsin digestion of the 660 epitope glycoprotein carrier did not modify its chromatographic and electrophoretic patterns, nor its chemical composition. The 660 epitope was still present after these treatments. However, trypsin digestion of subunits gave rise to smaller components that were retained by an Ultrogel A4 column. The saccharide composition of these fragments was unchanged, but the proportion of serine+threonine+proline residues rose to 46% of the total. These digested subunits had lost nearly all reactivity with monoclonal antibody 660. Our results fit well with the macromolecular model of Carlstedt, Lindgren and Sheehan [(1983) Biochem. J. 213, 427-435]: mucin glycoproteins are homopolymers of subunits assembled end-to-end via disulphide bonds into very large linear macromolecules. After disulphide bond reduction, proteolytic attack sites are uncovered and trypsin digestion results in glycopeptides bearing the typical oligosaccharidic units and with enhanced amounts of serine, threonine and proline, the characteristic amino acids of this hyperglycosylated region of the peptide core. These digested subunits have lost virtually all 660 epitope reactivity. We thus show that the 660 epitope, a determinant of a mucin molecule, is probably associated with the peptide core of the glycoprotein.

High molecular mass kininogen inhibits cathepsin G-induced platelet activation by forming a complex with cathepsin G

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 371-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek E Selim ◽  
Hayam R Ghoneim ◽  
Hassan A Abdel Ghaffar ◽  
Robert W Colman ◽  
Raul A Dela Cadena
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
High Molecular Mass ◽  
Cathepsin G

scholarly journals Profiles of Secondary Metabolites (Phenolic Acids, Carotenoids, Anthocyanins, and Galantamine) and Primary Metabolites (Carbohydrates, Amino Acids, and Organic Acids) during Flower Development in Lycoris radiata

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Chang Ha Park ◽  
Hyeon Ji Yeo ◽  
Ye Jin Kim ◽  
Bao Van Nguyen ◽  
Ye Eun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Hydrophilic Compounds ◽  
Tca Cycle Intermediates

This study aimed to elucidate the variations in primary and secondary metabolites during Lycorisradiata flower development using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS). The result showed that seven carotenoids, seven phenolic acids, three anthocyanins, and galantamine were identified in the L. radiata flowers. Most secondary metabolite levels gradually decreased according to the flower developmental stages. A total of 51 metabolites, including amines, sugars, sugar intermediates, sugar alcohols, amino acids, organic acids, phenolic acids, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, were identified and quantified using GC-TOFMS. Among the hydrophilic compounds, most amino acids increased during flower development; in contrast, TCA cycle intermediates and sugars decreased. In particular, glutamine, asparagine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid, which represent the main inter- and intracellular nitrogen carriers, were positively correlated with the other amino acids and were negatively correlated with the TCA cycle intermediates. Furthermore, quantitation data of the 51 hydrophilic compounds were subjected to partial least-squares discriminant analyses (PLS-DA) to assess significant differences in the metabolites of L. radiata flowers from stages 1 to 4. Therefore, this study will serve as the foundation for a biochemical approach to understand both primary and secondary metabolism in L. radiata flower development.

scholarly journals Analysis of High Molecular Mass Compounds from the Spider Pamphobeteus verdolaga Venom Gland. A Transcriptomic and MS ID Approach

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 453
Author(s):  
Sebastian Estrada-Gómez ◽  
Leidy Johana Vargas-Muñoz ◽  
Cesar Segura Latorre ◽  
Monica Maria Saldarriaga-Cordoba ◽  
Claudia Marcela Arenas-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Venom Gland ◽  
Duplication Event ◽  
High Molecular Mass ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Secretory Proteins ◽  
Phospholipases A2 ◽  
Kunitz Type

Nowadays, spider venom research focuses on the neurotoxic activity of small peptides. In this study, we investigated high-molecular-mass compounds that have either enzymatic activity or housekeeping functions present in either the venom gland or venom of Pamphobeteus verdolaga. We used proteomic and transcriptomic-assisted approaches to recognize the proteins sequences related to high-molecular-mass compounds present in either venom gland or venom. We report the amino acid sequences (partial or complete) of 45 high-molecular-mass compounds detected by transcriptomics showing similarity to other proteins with either enzymatic activity (i.e., phospholipases A2, kunitz-type, hyaluronidases, and sphingomyelinase D) or housekeeping functions involved in the signaling process, glucanotransferase function, and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity. MS/MS analysis showed fragments exhibiting a resemblance similarity with different sequences detected by transcriptomics corresponding to sphingomyelinase D, hyaluronidase, lycotoxins, cysteine-rich secretory proteins, and kunitz-type serine protease inhibitors, among others. Additionally, we report a probably new protein sequence corresponding to the lycotoxin family detected by transcriptomics. The phylogeny analysis suggested that P. verdolaga includes a basal protein that underwent a duplication event that gave origin to the lycotoxin proteins reported for Lycosa sp. This approach allows proposing an evolutionary relationship of high-molecular-mass proteins among P. verdolaga and other spider species.

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