scholarly journals Absence of Evidence or Evidence of Absence - A Review of the Evidence for Hydroxychloroquine as a Potential Candidate for Prophylaxis against COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Usher Cara ◽  
Trela-Larsen Lea ◽  
Fogarty Emer ◽  
O'Leary Aisling ◽  
Capper Stephen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Absence Of Evidence ◽  
Evidence Of Absence

scholarly journals A Critical Evaluation of the FBST ev for Bayesian Hypothesis Testing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Ly ◽  
Eric-Jan Wagenmakers
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
Bayesian Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Absence Of Evidence ◽  
Evidence Of Absence ◽  
Foregone Conclusion

AbstractThe “Full Bayesian Significance Test e-value”, henceforth FBST ev, has received increasing attention across a range of disciplines including psychology. We show that the FBST ev leads to four problems: (1) the FBST ev cannot quantify evidence in favor of a null hypothesis and therefore also cannot discriminate “evidence of absence” from “absence of evidence”; (2) the FBST ev is susceptible to sampling to a foregone conclusion; (3) the FBST ev violates the principle of predictive irrelevance, such that it is affected by data that are equally likely to occur under the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis; (4) the FBST ev suffers from the Jeffreys-Lindley paradox in that it does not include a correction for selection. These problems also plague the frequentist p-value. We conclude that although the FBST ev may be an improvement over the p-value, it does not provide a reasonable measure of evidence against the null hypothesis.

scholarly journals Supplemental oxygen and dypsnoea in interstitial lung disease: absence of evidence is not evidence of absence

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (145) ◽  
pp. 170033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele R. Schaeffer ◽  
Yannick Molgat-Seon ◽  
Christopher J. Ryerson ◽  
Jordan A. Guenette
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Absence Of Evidence ◽  
Evidence Of Absence

scholarly journals Progesterone in Women with Bleeding in Early Pregnancy: Absence of Evidence, Not Evidence of Absence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Frederik Gronau ◽  
Eric-Jan Wagenmakers
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Recent Trial ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Absence Of Evidence ◽  
Evidence Of Absence ◽  
Bayesian Logistic Regression

A recent trial assessed the effectiveness of progesterone in preventing miscarriages. The number of live births was 74.7% (1513/2025) in the progesterone group and 72.5% (1459/2013) in the placebo group (p=.08). The authors concluded: "The incidence of adverse events did not differ significantly between the groups." This conclusion leaves unaddressed the degree to which the data undercut or support the progesterone hypothesis. To quantify such evidence we conducted Bayesian logistic regression. The results show that the data neither undercut nor support the progesterone hypothesis in compelling fashion.

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