Effects of temperature and relative humidity on rearing performances of Eri Silkworm (Philosami aricini)

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
Shubhangi Vaidya ◽  
Ulka Yadav ◽  
J. Bhouraskar
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Philosamia Ricini ◽  
Ecological Stress ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
Critical Limits

Eri Silkworm (Philosamia ricini) is a delicate, domesticated insect which cannot tolerate diurnal and seasonal fluctuations in the environmental condition. The life cycle of silkworm is influenced by bio-ecological stress during larval period. Deviations in humidity and temperature levels below and above certain critical limits affect larval growth and development of Eri silkworm. In present study, several experiments were performed in four temperatures 20±3ºC, 24±3ºC, 28±3ºC and 32±3ºC each with three relative humidity 50%, 70% and 90% on rearing of Eri silkworm (Philosamiaricini) to study the effect of temperature and relative humidity on larval, cocoon and grainage parameter.Our findings clearly indicated that the 28±3ºC temperature and 70% relative humidity are the best for larval, cocoon and grainage parameter of Eri silkworm (Philosamia ricini).

scholarly journals The Effect of Temperature and Humidity May Reduce the Growth Rate of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Epidemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Qin ◽  
Qiang Sun ◽  
Jiani Shao ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Xiaomei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Scatter Plots ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Average Relative Humidity ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: The effects of temperature and humidity on the epidemic growth of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)remains unclear.Methods: Daily scatter plots between the epidemic growth rate (GR) and average temperature (AT) or average relative humidity (ARH) were presented with curve fitting through the “loess” method. The heterogeneity across days and provinces were calculated to assess the necessity of using a longitudinal model. Fixed effect models with polynomial terms were developed to quantify the relationship between variations in the GR and AT or ARH.Results: An increased AT dramatically reduced the GR when the AT was lower than −5°C, the GR was moderately reduced when the AT ranged from −5°C to 15°C, and the GR increased when the AT exceeded 15°C. An increasedARH increased theGR when the ARH was lower than 72% and reduced theGR when the ARH exceeded 72%.Conclusions: High temperatures and low humidity may reduce the GR of the COVID-19 epidemic. The temperature and humidity curves were not linearly associated with the COVID-19 GR.

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Plant Age on Bacterial Disease of Onion Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 200-206
Author(s):  
Kim E. Tho ◽  
Elizabeth Brisco-McCann ◽  
Prissana Wiriyajitsomboon ◽  
Mary K. Hausbeck
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Foliar Disease ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Foliar disease of onion in Michigan, caused by Pantoea agglomerans, Pantoea ananatis, or Enterobacter cowanii, has recently become a concern to producers. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of temperature, relative humidity (RH), and plant age in growth chamber and greenhouse experiments on onion plants inoculated with each pathogen. A significant level of disease resulted from each pathogen at 25 to 30°C, with strong positive associations detected using regression analysis between the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) and temperature. RH also significantly influenced symptom development. Foliar disease symptoms developed sooner and were more severe when RH was high (80 to 100%) but was limited at RH < 60%. Significant positive associations between RH and AUDPC, as described by linear regression, were also detected. When 6- to 14-week-old plants were inoculated with each bacterial pathogen, susceptibility increased significantly with age. These results provide insight into the epidemiology of P. agglomerans, P. ananatis, and E. cowanii bacterial pathogens of onions in Michigan and can assist in the development and timing of management strategies.

scholarly journals Effects of Climate on Incidence of Campylobacter spp. in Humans and Prevalence in Broiler Flocks in Denmark

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 7474-7480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Evans Patrick ◽  
Lasse Engbo Christiansen ◽  
Michael Wainø ◽  
Steen Ethelberg ◽  
Henrik Madsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Single Predictor

ABSTRACT Campylobacter infections are increasing and pose a serious public health problem in Denmark. Infections in humans and broiler flocks show similar seasonality, suggesting that climate may play a role in infection. We examined the effects of temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and hours of sunlight on Campylobacter incidence in humans and broiler flocks by using lag dependence functions, locally fitted linear models, and cross validation methods. For humans, the best model included average temperature and sunlight 4 weeks prior to infection; the maximum temperature lagged at 4 weeks was the best single predictor. For broilers, the average and maximum temperatures 3 weeks prior to slaughter gave the best estimate; the average temperature lagged at 3 weeks was the best single predictor. The combined effects of temperature and sunlight or the combined effects of temperature and relative humidity predicted the incidence in humans equally well. For broiler flock incidence these factors explained considerably less. Future research should focus on elements within the broiler environment that may be affected by climate, as well as the interaction of microclimatic factors on and around broiler farms. There is a need to quantify the contribution of broilers as a source of campylobacteriosis in humans and to further examine the effect of temperature on human incidence after this contribution is accounted for. Investigations should be conducted into food consumption and preparation practices and poultry sales that may vary by season.

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature and Moisture on Sporulation and Infection by Pseudoperonospora cubensis

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiling Sun ◽  
Sen Lian ◽  
Shulian Feng ◽  
Xiangli Dong ◽  
Caixian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Weibull Model ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Pseudoperonospora Cubensis ◽  
Cucumber Downy Mildew ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Modified Weibull

Cucumber downy mildew, caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis, is a worldwide disease that causes severe damage to cucumber production. The effects of temperature and moisture on sporulation and infection by P. cubensis were investigated by inoculating cucumber (‘85F12’) cotyledons with sporangia and examining the sporangia produced on the inoculated cotyledons under artificially controlled environments. The result showed that the temperature required for sporangium infection by P. cubensis and sporulation of the downy mildew lesions occurred at 5 to 30°C. The optimal temperature estimated by the fitted model was 18.8°C for sporangium infection and 16.2°C for downy mildew lesion sporulation. The pathogen formed plenty of sporangia when disease cotyledons were wetted or in the environment with relative humidity = 100%. The downy mildew lesions produced only a few sporangia when placed in the environment with relative humidity = 90%. The inoculated cotyledons, which incubated for 5 days at about 20°C in a dry greenhouse, began to form sporangia 4 h after being wetted when incubated in darkness. The quantity of sporangia produced on the downy mildew lesions increased with extension of incubating period (within 12 h), and the relationship between produced sporangia and the incubation period at 15, 20, and 25°C can be described by three exponential models. The observed minimum wetness durations (MWD) required for sporangia to complete the infection process and cause downy mildew were 12, 4, 2.5, 1, 1, and 6 h for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30°C, respectively. The effect of temperature and wetness duration on infection by sporangia of P. cubensis can be described by the modified Weibull model. The shortest MWD was 0.45 h, about 27 min, estimated by model. The experimental data and models will be helpful in the development of forecasting models and effective control systems for cucumber downy mildew.

scholarly journals Influence of Temperature and Relative Humidity on Sporulation of Cercospora zeae-maydis and Expansion of Gray Leaf Spot Lesions on Maize Leaves

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 624-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Paul ◽  
G. P. Munkvold
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Gray Leaf Spot ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Cercospora Zeae Maydis ◽  
Maize Leaves ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Controlled environment studies were conducted to determine the effects of temperature on the expansion of lesions of gray leaf spot, and the effects of temperature and relative humidity on the sporulation of Cercospora zeae-maydis on maize (Zea mays). For the lesion expansion experiment, potted maize plants were spray inoculated at growth stage V6, bagged, and incubated at 25 to 28°C and 100% relative humidity for 36 to 40 h. Symptomatic plants were transferred to growth chambers and exposed to constant temperatures of 25, 30, and 35°C. Lesion area (length by width) was measured at 4-day intervals for 17 days. For sporulation studies, lesions were excised from naturally infected maize leaves, measured, and incubated at constant temperature (20, 25, 30, or 35°C) and relative humidity (70, 80, 90, or 100%) for 72 h. Sporulation was estimated as the number of conidia per square centimeter of diseased leaf tissue. A quadratic function was used to model the relationship between log-transformed conidia per square centimeter at 100% relative humidity and temperature. Temperature had a significant effect on lesion expansion (P ≤ 0.05). At 25 and 30°C, the rate of lesion expansion was significantly higher than at 35°C (P ≤ 0.05). The largest lesions and the highest mean rate of lesion expansion were observed at 30°C; however, the mean lesion expansion rate at this temperature was not significantly different from that at 25°C. The interaction effect of temperature and relative humidity on the log of conidia per square centimeter of diseased tissue was significant (P ≤ 0.05). At 100% relative humidity, the effect of temperature on sporulation was significant (P ≤ 0.05), with maximum spore production occurring at 25 and 30°C. The quadratic model explained between 49 and 80% of the variation in the log of conidia per square centimeter at 100% with variation in temperature. These results suggest that the rapid increase in gray leaf spot severity generally observed during mid- and late summer may be due to favorable conditions for lesion expansion during this period. When relative humidity is >95%, expanding lesions may serve as a source of inoculum for secondary infections.

Effect of Temperature and Humidity on Measuring Ionization Current Inside Contaminated Pipes

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingchuan Li ◽  
Xianguo Tuo ◽  
Mingzhe Liu ◽  
Jun Ren ◽  
Qibiao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Regression Method ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Ion Current ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Multiple Regression Method ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

This paper reported the experimental results of ion current under different temperatures and relative humidity using long range alpha detector (LRAD). An approximation relation between the measuring values, temperatures and relative humidity has been obtained using the linear multiple regression method. The experimental results have shown that the measuring values decrease with the increase of temperature and humidity. The influence of humidity on results outweighs that of temperatures. And both temperature and humidity are obviously negative correlated with measured values. Further experiments will be performed to confirm the coupling effects of temperature and humidity and reported later.

Glyphosate Absorption and Translocation in Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) and Activity in Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense)

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Whitwell ◽  
P. Banks ◽  
E. Basler ◽  
P. W. Santelmann
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Solanum Carolinense ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Common Bermudagrass

The effects of temperature, relative humidity (RH) and light on absorption and translocation of14C-glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] in common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers. ‘Common’] and the effect of temperature and stage of growth on glyphosate activity in horsenettle (Solanum carolinenseL.) were determined.14C-glyphosate was used to evaluate the absorption and translocation of foliar-applied herbicide in bermudagrass plants grown at 22 or 31 C and 35 or 80% RH and absorption in excised leaf tips and stem sections. Autoradiography of bermudagrass indicated that downward translocation of14C was extensive with large accumulations in new roots and rapidly growing stolons. RH of 35% decreased14C-glyphosate translocation to the untreated foliage of plants grown at 31 C as compared to 80% RH. RH of 35% also decreased the translocation of14C to the rhizomes and roots of plants grown at 22 C. The absorption of14C was greater in excised leaf tips than stem sections and was greater in the light than in the dark. Horsenettle plants grown at 32 C had shoots which were more rapidly killed by glyphosate but had more regrowth than plants treated at 13 C. Shoots of plants treated while blooming were also more rapidly killed than those treated in the prebloom stage of growth, but the regrowth was not significantly different.

Measurements of the Crystallization Rates of Amorphous Sucrose and Lactose Powders from Spray Drying

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuosi Wang ◽  
Tim Langrish
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Material Temperature

The effects of temperature, relative humidity and molecular structure on the crystallization process within amorphous solids have been explored. Lactose and sucrose were spray dried, and the products were exposed to different and relative humidities. To investigate the effect of temperature, experiments were conducted at both room temperature and 40oC. The rate of the crystallization was more than doubled for every increase of temperature by 10oC, up to three times for the case of lactose. These results are consistent with the picture of the process as an activated rate one. The effect of increasing relative humidity (RH) was observed to increase the rate of crystallization up to a threshold value, after which the rate was no longer affected by relative humidity. This threshold was found to be 51% for sucrose, at room temperature, which was lowered to 32% at 40oC. Lactose and sucrose, which have the same molecular weight of 342 g/mol but different molecular structures and thus glass transition temperatures, were exposed to similar conditions. The difference in molecular structures had little effect on the overall rate of the crystallization process for the same material temperatures, in contrast with the predictions of the Williams Landel Ferry equation, which suggests that the rate of crystallization is a function of the difference between the material temperature and the glass transition temperature.

Effect of temperature during the synthesis process of CdSe nanoparticles using the colloidal technique

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (63) ◽  
pp. 3389-3395
Author(s):  
R. González-Díaz ◽  
D. Fernández-Sánchez ◽  
P. Rosendo-Francisco ◽  
G. Sánchez-Legorreta
Keyword(s):  
Scanning Tunneling Microscope ◽  
Electron Cloud ◽  
Cdse Nanoparticles ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscope ◽  
First Results ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractIn this work, the first results of the effects of temperature during the production of Se2- ions and the effect during the interaction of Cd2+ and Se2- ions in the synthesis process of CdSe nanoparticles are presented. The synthesis of CdSe was carried out by the colloidal technique, in the first one we used a temperature of 63 °C to produce Se2- ions and in the second one an interaction temperature of 49 °C. The samples were characterized using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and a Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM). From the SEM micrographs it was possible to identify the thorns formation and irregular islands. STM micrographs reveal elliptical shapes with a regular electron cloud profile.

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