scholarly journals An Examination of Police Culture and its Effects on Patrol Officers Attitudes towards Restorative Justice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Braeden Broschuk
Keyword(s):  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Work Group ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Police Culture ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Patrol Officers ◽  
Sequential Mixed Methods ◽  
Training Specialist ◽  
Two Phases

The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between restorative justice and police culture, and the level to which this culture acts as barrier to the successful implementation and use of restorative justice by frontline police officers. Using a multi-level work group framework, frontline officer’s attitudes and understanding of restorative justice and police culture beliefs are examined, and then their impact on frontline police work is assessed. This study employs an explanatory sequential mixed methods design and is conducted in two phases. The initial quantitative phase involved distributing a Likert-style survey to frontline officers to measure their attitudes and understanding of restorative justice and police culture variables. After analysis of the initial quantitative findings, semi-structured interview questions were developed building on these findings to provide for a more in-depth qualitative analysis. Results indicate that police culture variables such as solidarity, teamwork, crime fighting and tough on crime attitudes are still persistent in policing, but frontline officers are generally accepting of restorative justice, and believe that it has a place in their frontline work as a dispositional tool. Findings indicate, however, that officers perceive restorative justice as another option only for less serious crimes and low risk offenders, and not as a new method of managing offender activity. Restorative justice is not being used to its fullest potential. To increase use of RJ diversion more thorough training, specialist designations and supervisory and middle management direction is recommended.

Empowering Women in Blue Uniforms—Gender and Police in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanta Singh ◽  
Sultan Khan
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Police Work ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Police Culture ◽  
The South ◽  
South African Police Service ◽  
Female Police Officers ◽  
South African Police ◽  
Female Officers

Gender in the police force has received scant attention by researchers, although there are complex social dimensions at play in how male and female law enforcement officers relate to each other in the workplace. Given the fact that males predominate in the police force, their female counterparts are often marginalised due to their sexual orientation and certain stereotypes that prevail about their femininity. Male officers perceive female officers as physically weak individuals who cannot go about their duties as this is an area of work deemed more appropriate to men. Based on this perception, female officers are discriminated against in active policing and often confined to administrative duties. This study looks at how female police officers are discriminated against in the global police culture across the globe, the logic of sexism and women’s threat to police work, men’s opposition to female police work, gender representivity in the police force, and the integration and transformation of the South African Police Service to accommodate female police officers. The study highlights that although police officers are discriminated against globally, in the South African context positive steps have been taken to accommodate them through legislative reform.

“Laying Hands” and Learning to Touch and Grab in the Police Academy

2019 ◽  
pp. 446-468
Author(s):  
Brian Lande
Keyword(s):  
Police Officer ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Police Culture ◽  
Police Academy ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Police Recruits ◽  
Hands On

Research on the formation of police officers generally focuses on the beliefs, accounts, and categories that recruits must master. Becoming a police officer, however, is not simply a matter of acquiring new attitudes and beliefs. This article attends to an unexplored side of police culture—the sensorial and tactile education that recruits undergo at the police academy. Rubenstein wrote in 1973 that a police officer’s first tool is his or her body. This article examines the formation of the police body by examining how police recruits learn to use their hands as instruments of control. In police vernacular, this means learning to “lay hands” (a term borrowed from Pentecostal traditions) or going “hands on.” This chapter focuses on two means of using the hands: searching and defensive tactics. It describes how instructors teach recruits to use their hands for touching, manipulating, and grabbing the clothing and flesh of others to sense weapons and contraband. It also examines how recruits are taught to grab, manipulate, twist, and strike others in order to gain control of “unruly” bodies. It concludes by discussing the implications of “touching like a cop” for understanding membership in the police force.

scholarly journals Drug dealing and drug use prevention – a qualitative interview study of authorities’ perspectives on two open drug scenes in Stockholm

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Feltmann ◽  
Johanna Gripenberg ◽  
Anna K. Strandberg ◽  
Tobias H. Elgán ◽  
Pia Kvillemo
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Drug Dealing ◽  
Qualitative Interview Study ◽  
Facilitators And Barriers

Abstract Background The use of illicit substances causes various health and social problems globally. Moreover, open drug use and dealing in urban areas, i.e., open drug scenes, can cause public order problems, lead to the recruitment of marginalized and young people for drug use or sale, and induce feelings of insecurity in the general public. Although some international studies have described various ways to manage open drug scenes, such as law enforcement and social interventions, there is limited knowledge about the facilitators and barriers promoting or impeding the implementation of such interventions. The aim of the current study was to explore how different authorities describe the nature of two open drug scenes in Stockholm and to derive authorities’ perspective on facilitators and barriers to implementing interventions to reduce open drug dealing, drug use, and related problems at these locations. Methods Semi-structured interviews with police officers, security staff, social workers, and municipality officials (n = 21) in the municipality of Stockholm were conducted and analyzed by qualitative content analysis. Results The analysis of the interviews generated the following categories: Problems, Interventions, Organizational factors, and External factors, revealing information about the strategic and daily counteracting work occurring at the open drug scenes as well as authorities’ perceptions of facilitators and barriers to implementing interventions to reduce open drug dealing, drug use, and related problems. Facilitators included motivated and skilled professionals and organized collaboration between key actors. Prominent barriers were a lack of resources to maintain personnel continuity at the scenes, policies that impede information sharing and put security staff in danger, and people who use or sell drugs without having residence permits. Conclusions To increase the possibility of successful implementation of interventions to counteract open drug dealing, politicians and authorities should pay attention to collaboration between key actors, sufficient resource allocation, possible modification of policy governing professional duties, and remedies to the vulnerability of individuals without residence permits.

Investigating Corruption in the Afghan Police Force

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny Singh
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Police Corruption ◽  
State Legitimacy ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Political Economic

This book provides a unique study on the lower ranks of the Afghan police force due to the lack of empirical evidence of what attributes to the causes, practices and consequences of corruption in this institution. The book is divided into a number of sections. It commences with an understanding of how corruption, and narrowly police corruption, impact on the police force, state legitimacy and the strategies in place to mitigate such problems as part of broader security and post-conflict reconstruction initiatives. The theoretical framework comprises political, economic and cultural drivers of police corruption by drawing on semi-structured interviews with elites and a survey and structured interview conducted with street-level police officers. The findings infer that weak oversight and low pay are causes of police corruption which intensify bribery and roadside extortion. The lack of professionalism, partly due to short and unclear training, and patronage are deemed as meanings of police corruption. In terms of motivation, there is no sense of pride in Afghan policing to fulfil a clear mandate. Moreover, non-meritocratic recruitment is prevalent which exacerbates local influences, loyalties and job buying in either high-drug cultivating or urban areas. To curb patronage, police officers are rotated to distant provinces but economic hardship is further increased when catering for large families with fewer breadwinners. The book concludes that the problems with police corruption and failure to combat it results in low public confidence and state illegitimacy which can support violent opposition groups to create further instability in war-torn societies.

Trials of loyalty: Ethnic minority police officers as ‘outsiders’ within a greedy institution

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abby Peterson ◽  
Sara Uhnoo
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Police Culture ◽  
Police Organization ◽  
Security Officers ◽  
Minority Officers ◽  
New Recruits

In this article we interrogate how ethnicity interfaces with the police culture in a major Swedish police force. While addressing administrative levels, in particular police security officers’ screening of new recruits, we focus on the role that loyalty plays in defining how ethnicity interacts with mechanisms of exclusion and inclusion in the structures of rank-and-file police culture. The police authorities, perceived as ‘greedy institutions’, demand and enforce exclusive loyalty. We argue that ethnic minority officers are rigorously tested as regards their loyalty to their fellow officers and to the police organization, and the demands made on their undivided loyalty and the misgivings as to their unstinting loyalty act as barriers to inclusion in the organization.

scholarly journals The use of training technology tools as the basis for its successful implementation in intra-organization training

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Cherepanov ◽  
G. A. Rekhtina
Keyword(s):  
Work Group ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Simulation Games ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Training Support ◽  
Iterative Model ◽  
Technology Tools ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
High Level

The problem fields of research in the framework of the topic are the lack of classification of training methods in intra-organization training, the insufficient quality of the use of tools in the practice of intra-organization training, as well as the use of tools for evaluating and analyzing training activities. The highlighted aspects allowed us to determine the relevant vectors of the research: the competence of the coach, the systematization of training methods and techniques, the features of the use of the tools, the methodology of the tools for evaluation of training sessions. The most important characteristic of the competence of a corporate coach is the possession of the training technology tools at a high level. The article stands out the main competences of a corporate coach, such as focus on results, effective communication, effective self-presentation, persuasion and influence, confidence and stress resistance, creating a motivating educational environment. The authors pay particular attention to the phenomenon of pedagogical artistry, internal and external conditions of its development. The article introduces the basic training techniques (informational, stimulation, exercises for practical performance of work, group-dynamic exercises) and related training methods into the system. The authors consider the criteria and limitations that a trainer should to take into account when choosing training technology tools. The article introduces distinctions of tools when considering their arsenal (planning tools; direct implementation of the process; control (monitoring), evaluation and analysis of the results; post-training support). The authors indicate the following features of the use of training technology tools in intra-organization training: the formation of target guidelines for each stage of training implementation; determining tasks and the algorithm for training implementation; drawing up a training program; chronological planning of training units; planning of the necessary methodical support of training units; compliance with the principle of training planning based on an iterative model with one or more contours; the use of business and simulation games, exercises and tasks; using multiple studies scenarios for conducting classes; presenting information depending on the features of its perception; taking into account the target audience; taking into account the age characteristics of the audience, etc.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Online Learning: A SWOT Analysis of Users’ Perspectives on Learning Management System of University of Education, Winneba, Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 382-401
Author(s):  
Dandy George Dampson ◽  
Richardson Addai-Mununkum ◽  
Stephen Kwakye Apau ◽  
Joseph Bentil
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Sequential Mixed Methods ◽  
Learning Management ◽  
The University

This study investigated users’ perceptions of the University of Education, Winneba (UEW) Learning Management Systems (LMS) based on SWOT. The study adopted the explanatory sequential mixed methods which sampled 3272 students and 20 lecturers by using the stratified and purposive sampling techniques, respectively. The study used questionnaires and semi-structured interview guides to collect quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data were analyzed using Means and Standard Deviations, Independent Samples t-test, and ANOVA. The qualitative data was analyzed thematically. The study found that UEW LMS is perceived to have elements of weaknesses and threats as well as strengths and opportunities. The study further found that the users of LMS differ in their perceptions in terms of SWOT based on students’ age. The students, however, did not differ significantly in their perceptions of SWOT based on gender. The study recommended that the management of UEW LMS need to educate both lecturers and students about the benefits that LMS offers to its users. Management of the UEW should make the usage of the LMS compulsory for teaching and learning while taking into consideration the age, level as well as the programme of study in the design and implementation of subsequent online platforms for students and lecturers.

scholarly journals Negotiating Gender and Police Culture: Exploring the Barriers to Retention and Progression of Female Police Officers in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Shannon M. Chan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Predominantly White ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Police Culture ◽  
Women Officers ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
New Rhetoric ◽  
Women's Narratives ◽  
Female Police Officers

<p>Women officers represent a minority within the New Zealand Police (Police) particularly within the senior ranks. In recent years, Police have made concerted efforts to increase women’s representation as well as improve the working environment. However, recent reviews of the 2007 Commission of Inquiry into Police Conduct have reported that women continue to face barriers to full integration and furthermore, that the changes to the police culture have reached a plateau. New Zealand and international research have established that police culture continues to pose a barrier to women’s full acceptance within policing. This culture is characterised by predominantly white, heterosexual males, who form what has been described as a “cult of masculinity”. Therefore, women find they must adopt the culture in order to “fit in” and be accepted as “one of the boys”.  Adopting a qualitative framework, this research involved semi-structured face-to-face interviews with sworn female police officers. Exploring female police officers’ experiences identified five pertinent barriers to women’s retention and progression. These were the emphasis on physical skills and excitement, the police camaraderie and the cult of masculinity, sexual harassment within the workplace, women’s minority status, and balancing motherhood with policing. It was found that the persistence of these barriers came back to core features of police culture. Due to the strong allegiance to the positive aspects of the police culture, such as the camaraderie, negative features such as sexual banter and harassment were subsumed within the wider culture. Negative features were tolerated and accepted as part and parcel of working in the Police. Women’s narratives demonstrated that they adhered to core police culture features and thus contributed to the sustenance of the culture. Furthermore, how women articulated their experiences and perceptions of barriers was complex and nuanced. Many held the belief that there were no longer any barriers for women in the Police, yet such positive views were in contradiction with their own experiences. The tension between “perceptions” and “reality” creates a situation where the Police currently sit at a crossroads between the “old” culture and the new rhetoric of “change”.</p>

scholarly journals Restoration of subjectivity: the role of reflection in personality development and humanization of social institutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Vadim Markovich Rozin ◽  
Lyudmila Mikhailovna Karnozova
Keyword(s):  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
General Mechanism ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Resolution Analysis ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Personality Process

This article consists of two parts. The firs parts analyzes the general mechanism of reflection within the framework of the theoretical discourse; while the second part the introduced concepts and schemes of reflection are illustrated on the case of &ldquo;restorative justice&rdquo;. The analysis of two other cases (&ldquo;Confession&rdquo; by St. Augustine, as well as &ldquo;Confessions&rdquo; and &ldquo;Resurrection&rdquo; by L. Tolstoy) allows characterizing the two phases of psyche &ndash; preceding and accompanying reflection. The first phase represents a &ldquo;crystallization of distortion subjectivity&rdquo;, and at times its dissolution. The second phase (situation) launches the personality process, which can be described using the terminology of L. S. Vygotstky as &ldquo;interiorization" of intersubjective; this is the conscious work that gives a new perspective on the situation and its resolution. Analysis is conducted on the two procedures of reflection itself &#8210; reflexive way out to the space of &ldquo;placelesness&rdquo; (M. Bakhtin) with the shift of integrity and thingness, and reflexive return (G. Shchedrovitsky). Study of the case of restorative justice demonstrates the organizational-technical attitude towards reflection, communication and ensuring mutual understanding between people separated by crime, as a new moment in comparison with the &ldquo;individual reflection&rdquo; as internally determined personality process. The inclusion of reflection into social practices and humanities substantiates the possibility of complementing the concept of subjectivity and its &ldquo;restoration&rdquo; with the concept of agency as the proclivity for new actions, acquisition of the &ldquo;authorial position&rdquo; in relation to one's personal life and interaction with others.

scholarly journals Intra-natal care practices of staff nurses with compliance to professional protocols

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 6021
Author(s):  
Pooja Chand ◽  
Pratiti Haldar ◽  
Manoj Jangir ◽  
Nagendra Prakash ◽  
Ratna Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Structured Interview ◽  
Staff Nurses ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Safe Delivery ◽  
Care Protocol ◽  
Trained Staff ◽  
Care Practices ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Natal Care

Background: Intranatal care refers to care given throughout the process of all four stages of labor and is important for both mother and newborn. Safe delivery practice and compliance to intranatal care protocol by trained staff nurses is essential. The objectives were to identify the intra-natal care practices of staff nurses, compare intranatal care practices among the three selected hospitals and explore the barriers to compliance of intranatal care practices by staff nurses.Methods: Cross-sectional observation design was used for the present study. The study was conducted in two phases to fulfil the objectives. Three hospitals were conveniently selected and about 42 delivery events were observed in phase I and 15 staff nurses were interviewed through semi-structured interview schedule to identify the barriers to compliance in phase II.Results: It was found that majority of 8 (57.1%) staff nurses were in the age group of (25-42) years and maximum 13 (86.7%) staff nurses had attended training program related to intranatal care practices. In majority 24 (57.1%) deliveries, sterile technique for vaginal examination was not followed, in 33 (78.6%) deliveries cord pulsation was not assessed and in 39 (92.9%) deliveries baby was not placed on mother’s chest. Lack of required facilities leading to referral and non-cooperation of women during procedures were some identified barriers.Conclusions: The present study findings revealed that the intranatal care practices were inappropriate, they were missing most essential practices that might harm to the mother or baby in future.

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