Investigating geothermal reservoir potential using numerical simulation

Egypt depends on oil and gas for electricity generation (about 90%). The remaining small percentage comes from the hydropower of the High Dam (about 8%), the wind energy, and the solar cells. Therefore, it is important to adjust this unbalanced energy mix in Egypt. The continuous scientific research is the best way to try to solve this problem by studying the feasibility of using available renewable energy sources. Among these energies is the geothermal potential energy. However, it has not been exploited as a renewable source for power generation in Egypt yet. This study aims to determine the locations of reservoirs, which have high temperature gradient that can be suitable for implementing geothermal energy projects in Egypt. The study is executed using data of deep wells that are located in different regions to investigate the technical possibility of utilizing subsurface reservoirs for geothermal power generation pilot projects. The results indicate that the best reservoirs with high temperature gradient are located in the Western Desert and around the Gulf of Suez especially at Hammam Faraun and Ras Budran fields. These two locations have recorded reservoir temperatures of 100°C and 146°C at depths of 1150 m and 3800 m, respectively. Simulation studies are conducted, and the results show that these formations can feed a power plant by 21,000 bbl/day of hot water at well head temperature ranging between 94°C and 105°C from a pilot project of two producers and one injector in Ras Budran (or four producers and two injectors in Hammam Faraun). Each pilot will be able to generate annual amount of electricity equal to 4,977 MWh through a binary cycle power plant. This proposed pilot project can be scaled up to generate additional electricity. Accordingly, application of this unfunded research recommendations can save hard currency and increase the national income.