scholarly journals The Role of International Financing Coordination in Enhancing the Competitive Advantages of Nations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Müge Burcu Özdemir ◽  
Beyhan Hilal Yaslıdağ
Keyword(s):  
International Finance ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
International Financing ◽  
Intended Use

In this study international finance and its coordination are discussed by considering the factors determining competitiveness and competitiveness. The effects of international finance coordination are analyzed. Afterward, possible problems and solutions evaluated. In the final part, the effect of combining various forms of international financing and assistance in harmony is coordinating, on the competitiveness of countries using financing are evaluated. The use and effects of the resources obtained by utilizing international financial resources have been examined by considering the conditions of competition. Competitiveness and the factors that determine competitiveness are discussed and international finance and international financing resources are discussed. Then, the institutions that have effects on the coordination of international finance are examined. This is a review article, so it is aimed to emphasize the importance of international financing coordination. To ensure that the financial aids given are sent to the countries that use the aids following their intended use, to increase the amount of international finance and funds, to distribute the burden of credit usage costs among developed countries and institutions according to certain criteria, to ensure that the repayment conditions of the credits are easy and applicable for the country using the credit, and to ensure that the information flow between the countries providing and using the credit is continuous and regular can be considered the important subjects of the international financing coordination.

scholarly journals Competitive Factors in Ensuring the Sustainability of the Food Industry Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 2018-2023
Author(s):  
Ismailov Omilxon Shukurillaevich
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Economic Competitiveness ◽  
The World

This article discusses the issues of competition in ensuring the sustainability of the food industry in the world economy, the sources and stages of competitive advantages of States. The role of natural resources, investments and other elements in increasing the economic competitiveness of the state, as well as the stages of competitiveness of developed countries are discussed.

scholarly journals Innovation culture in small Tunisian ICT firms

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana El Harbi ◽  
Alistair R. Anderson ◽  
Meriam Amamou
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Regional Institutions ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Innovation Culture ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Innovative Culture

Purpose – The research aims to ask whether, in the absence of overarching innovative conditions, a small firm can have an innovative culture and what its scale and scope is. Design/methodology/approach – The study employs four exploratory case studies. This methodological choice is justified in that a case study approach allows the use of the existing literature without inhibiting the detection of any unique characteristics in the Tunisian context. This context of a developing economy is likely to be different from established economies. Findings – The study finds evidence of a learning environment within the firms and a good fit with the concepts of an innovative culture. Internal knowledge sharing is evident for all companies. However, this culture faces inwards, so that the paucity of linkages and weak socialisation combines with institutional thinness to isolate the firms. Local competitive advantages are not amplified but rather are dampened by the relative absence of interaction. Research limitations/implications – Most research about innovation in the ICT sector is conducted in the context of developed countries. This paper shows the specificities and uniqueness of innovation culture in the context of a developing country. Practical implications – The findings imply that despite recent improvements, Tunisia lacks many of the regional “institutions” that produce the synergic benefits of an innovative milieu. Originality/value – The context of a developing country is novel. The value of the findings may, however, be extended to other similar countries. This is important given the role of ICT in “catching up”.

The role of research for sustainable paediatric cardiac programmes in developing countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 787-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantine D. Mavroudis ◽  
Constantine Mavroudis ◽  
Jeffrey P. Jacobs ◽  
Allison Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Cardiac Care ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
The World ◽  
Local Problems

AbstractSignificant challenges face developing countries as a result of the maldistribution of access to healthcare throughout the world, specifically access to paediatric cardiac care. Sustainable paediatric cardiac programmes must be established in developing countries to provide care to all children with congenital heart disease. Education and research are essential components to sustainable paediatric cardiac programmes in developing countries to define local problems and the incidence of disease, and to generate solutions thereto related. Research can contribute to developing local expertise, improving technology, providing opportunities for local talent, generating financial resources, enhancing the dignity of people, and the facilitating resolution of health problems throughout the world. Clinical trials conducted in developing countries should meet the same ethical standards as trials based in developed countries.

scholarly journals Frugal innovation beyond emerging countries: the key role of developed countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Rogério Mazieri ◽  
Leonardo Vils ◽  
Maurício Jucá De Queiroz
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Frugal Innovation

Frugal innovation is no longer relevant only for emerging countries or for low-tech artifacts. The interest of countries developed by frugal innovation has been increasing in recent years, since it is an alternative of less use of natural and financial resources, however, it is not clear which is the role of developed countries in the advancement of frugal innovation. In this article, we examine the literature, technical reports and patents to propose some possible paths. Through qualitative methods such as semantic analysis, we argue that research for the modification of the technological matrix of products, processes and organizational arrangements and the development of a better understanding of the frugal entrepreneur may be key roles for developed countries to contribute to the development of frugal innovation.

The Role of Innovations in the World Economic Development

2009 ◽  
pp. 15-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Yasin ◽  
M. Snegovaya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Post Industrial

The article considers the role of innovations in the history of the mankind. Three stages of development are pointed out: agrarian, industrial and post industrial (innovational). Specific institutions and types of culture correspond to each of them. Peculiarities of the innovational stage according to catching-up and developed countries are discussed. The former will begin to lose their competitive advantages while approaching technological frontier. Institutional and cultural modernization of developed countries should correspond to the requirements of innovational economy.

scholarly journals Housing Provision for the Youth in Lithuania: Attitudes and Experiences

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rūta Brazienė
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Housing Provision ◽  
National Science ◽  
Welfare Society ◽  
Problems And Solutions

This paper is aimed at analysis of housing provision for the youth in Lithuania. In this paper, the main trends of scientific research and the newest studies in the housing provision for the youth field were briefly discussed. Based on a qualitative data, young person’s attitudes and experiences towards housing provision were identified. In this paper only part of the data collected by implementing the National Science Programme ‘Welfare Society’ supported by the Lithuanian Science Council Project ‘Housing Provision for the Youth: Processes, Problems and Solutions in Lithuania (JABS)’ (GER 007/17) were analysed. Based on the data analysis of 26 semi-structured interviews, the main thematic lines reflecting youth housing issues were identified: the first acquisition of home ownership vs housing provision strategies, the role of employment status and financial resources for housing provision and housing purchasing opportunities. The research results disclosed that the main housing provision and transition to an independent residence issues for the youth is lack of financial resources and stability on the labour market, constantly increasing housing purchasing and rent prices, and ineffective Lithuanian housing policy.

How to Assure Stable Development in Unstable Financial Environment?

2007 ◽  
pp. 4-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ershov
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Market Liquidity ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Russian Stock Market ◽  
Stable Development ◽  
Financial Environment

Growing involvement of Russian economy in international economic sphere increases the role of external risks. Financial problems which the developed countries are encountered with today result in volatility of Russian stock market, liquidity problems for banks, unstable prices. These factors in total may put longer-term prospects of economic growth in jeopardy. Monetary, foreign exchange and stock market mechanisms become the centerpiece of economic policy approaches which should provide for stable development in the shaky environment.

Vitamin A: dietologist’s position

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
S. V. Orlova ◽  
E. A. Nikitina ◽  
L. I. Karushina ◽  
Yu. A. Pigaryova ◽  
O. E. Pronina
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Therapeutic Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mucous Membranes

Vitamin A (retinol) is one of the key elements for regulating the immune response and controls the division and differentiation of epithelial cells of the mucous membranes of the bronchopulmonary system, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, eyes, etc. Its significance in the context of the COVID‑19 pandemic is difficult to overestimate. However, a number of studies conducted in the past have associated the additional intake of vitamin A with an increased risk of developing cancer, as a result of which vitamin A was practically excluded from therapeutic practice in developed countries. Our review highlights the role of vitamin A in maintaining human health and the latest data on its effect on the development mechanisms of somatic pathology.

Physical capital stock, technological upgrading and modernisation in Hungary

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Szalavetz
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Technology Generation ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Physical Capital Accumulation

This paper discusses the relation between the quality and quantity indicators of physical capital and modernisation. While international academic literature emphasises the role of intangible factors enabling technology generation and absorption rather than that of physical capital accumulation, this paper argues that the quantity and quality of physical capital are important modernisation factors, particularly in the case of small, undercapitalised countries that recently integrated into the world economy. The paper shows that in Hungary, as opposed to developed countries, the technological upgrading of capital assets was not necessarily accompanied by the upgrading of human capital i.e. the thesis of capital skill complementarity did not apply to the first decade of transformation and capital accumulation in Hungary. Finally, the paper shows that there are large differences between the average technological levels of individual industries. The dualism of the Hungarian economy, which is also manifest in terms of differences in the size of individual industries' technological gaps, is a disadvantage from the point of view of competitiveness. The increasing differences in the size of the technological gaps can be explained not only with industry-specific factors, but also with the weakness of technology and regional development policies, as well as with institutional deficiencies.

Nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (18) ◽  
pp. 839-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
János Banai
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Aetiological Factor ◽  
Artificial Nutrition ◽  
Food Preservatives ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is complex and probably multifactorial. Nutrition has been proposed to be an important aetiological factor for development of IBD. Several components of the diet (such as sugar, fat, fibre, fruit and vegetable, protein, fast food, preservatives etc.) were examined as possible causative agents for IBD. According to some researchers infant feeding (breast feeding) may also contribute to the development of IBD. Though the importance of environmental factors is evidenced by the increasing incidence in developed countries and in migrant population in recent decades, the aetiology of IBD remained unclear. There are many theories, but as yet no dietary approaches have been proved to reduce the risk of developing IBD. The role of nutrition in the management of IBD is better understood. The prevention and correction of malnutrition, the provision of macro- and micronutrients and vitamins and the promotion of optimal growth and development of children are key points of nutritional therapy. In active disease, the effective support of energy and nutrients is a very important part of the therapy. Natural and artificial nutrition or the combination of two can be choosen for supporting therapy of IBD. The author summarises the aetiological and therapeutic role of nutrition in IBD.

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