scholarly journals The Gender Gap in Agricultural Productivity in Kyrgyzstan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burulcha Sulaimanova ◽  
Daniyar Jasoolov
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Market Imperfections ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Regional Market ◽  
Agricultural Labor Productivity ◽  
Women In Agriculture

More than two third of total population of Kyrgyzstan are living in rural areas, and the agricultural sector of Kyrgyzstan employs nearly the half of labor force and have export oriented output production with over than 384 thousand peasant farms. The share of employed women in agriculture compromised the 44 % of total agricultural labor force. However the low economic efficiency and competitiveness of farmers in regional market, market imperfections in agriculture impedes the economic growth of this sector. This research aims to investigate gender gap in agricultural productivity among farm entrepreneurs in Kyrgyzstan. The agricultural labor productivity gap decomposed by various types of market imperfections, and empirically estimated by “Life in Kyrgyzstan” survey data for 2013 year.

Assessment of Regional Inequality in Female Work Participation: Measurement of Disparity and Determinants

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sheuli Ray ◽  
Manoj Debnath
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Work Participation ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Female Work Participation

The regional difference of complex Indian social structure and customs have a different impact on the nature of women’s work participation. The present study aims at unravelling the influence of social, cultural and economic forces in differentiating the level of women work participation in different eco-regions of West Bengal. The study is based purely on secondary sources and data have been collected from the Census of India. It is in the rural areas that the female work participation is directly linked to agriculture and allied activities and the study confines itself to an understanding of work participation of women only in the rural areas. The modern technological implication as a result of green revolution has a worse impact on women work participation particularly in the South Bengal plain and some parts of East Rarh Plain region. The high gender gap is noticed in Nadia district located in the middle part of South Bengal Plain causes very high withdrawn of female from there. Effect of socioeconomic variables, work participation of Scheduled component in main economic activity is also varied from the non-scheduled component. Non-scheduled worker participated more in non-agricultural sector rather than the scheduled counter parts. Subsequently, the low growth rate of female work participation represents a distress picture in work force structure which is a cause of worried also.

scholarly journals STATE SUPPORT FOR AGRIBUSINESS IN GERMANY: SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC ASPECT

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
A.ZH. NUKESHEVA ◽  
◽  
E.V. KUDRYASHOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Animal Protection ◽  
Rural Economic Development ◽  
High Standards ◽  
The Eu

The purpose of the study is to determine the possibilities of using mechanisms for supporting agribusiness in foreign countries and to develop recommendations for their adaptation in domestic agriculture. The current socio-demographic situation in rural areas of Germany, Kazakhstan and other states, measures of public support are considered. In the EU and Germany, agricultural policy is aimed at intensive development of the industry: increasing the level of innovation in agricultural sector and food industry; maintaining high standards of environmental and animal protection; introduction of advanced scientific developments in the branches of agroindustrial production; supporting the activities of research institutes; increasing contribution to diversifying rural economic development. It was revealed that the aggregated budget of funding sources allows you to control its implementation at all levels from planning to final use. Public administration guarantees a stable income to farmers; an appropriate standard of living comparable to the wealth of other social groups in society; the prospects for the professional activity of entrepreneurs in the countryside; conditions and directions of training of agricultural personnel. Modern challenges, among which the aging of the population employed in agriculture in Europe and Germany, is currently the most important problem, therefore, starting in 2015, a new financial instrument to help young farmers under 40 was included into the main program of assistance to the EU agricultural sector. Analysis of employment indicators in rural areas of Kazakhstan and the experience of public support in Germany made it possible to formulate measures to support agricultural producers, which will change the approach to agricultural labor, its prestige.

scholarly journals Analysis of the agricultural labor force and its impact on agricultural products obtained in the South-Muntenia region

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 2640-2649
Author(s):  
FLORINA RUXANDRA TEODORESCU ◽  
◽  
LIVIU MĂRCUȚĂ ◽  
CĂTĂLINANICOLETA COMAN ◽  
VALENTINA CONSTANȚA TUDOR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
The South ◽  
Development Region ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to highlight the impact that the labor force in the agricultural sector has on the production obtained from the main crops in the South-Muntenia development region, Romania, in the period 2014-2018. Following the study of theoretical aspects in the fields mentioned above and combining these studies with the interpretation and analysis of statistical data, an analysis will be established to establish the level at which the agricultural labor force in the South-Muntenia region impacts the productions of five important crops. Romanian agricultural sector, respectively: wheat, corn, sunflower, rapeseed and soybeans. In the South-Muntenia region, made up of Argeș, Călărași, Dâmbovița, Giurgiu, Ialomița, Prahova and Teleorman counties, the percentage of people working in the agricultural sector in 2018 was 27.8% of the total population of this region.

scholarly journals Determinants of Off-farm Employment Participation of Women in Rural Uganda

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-41
Author(s):  
Fang Cheng ◽  
Haisen Zhang ◽  
Nobeji S. Boniphace
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Government

Off-farm employment in rural areas can be a major contributor to rural poverty reduction and decent rural employment. While women are highly active in the agricultural sector, they are less active than men in off-farm employment. This study analyzes the determinants of participation in off-farm employment of women in rural Uganda. The study is based on a field survey conducted in nine districts with the sample size of 1200 individual females. A two-stage Hechman’s sample selection model was applied to capture women’s decision to participate and the level of participation in non-farm economic activities. Summary statistics of the survey data from rural Uganda shows that: i) poverty and non-farm employment has a strong correlation, implying the importance of non-farm employment as a means for poverty reduction; and ii) there is a large gender gap to access non-farm employment, but the gender gap has been significantly reduced from group of older age to younger generation. The econometric results finds that the following factors have a significant influence on women’s participation in off-farm employment: education level of both the individual and household head (positive in both stages); women’s age (negative in both stages); female-headed household (negative in first stage); household head of polygamous marriage (negative in both stages); distance from major town (negative in the first stage); household size (positive in the second stage); dependency ratio (negative in the second stage); access to and use of government extension services (positive in the first stage); access to and use of an agricultural loan (negative in the second stage); and various district dummies variables. The implications of these findings suggest that those policies aimed at enhancing the identified determinants of women off-farm employment can promote income-generating opportunities for women groups in comparable contexts. In order to capitalize on these positive linkages, policies should be designed to improve skills and knowledge by providing education opportunities and increasing access to employment training, assistance services and loans for non-farm activities and by targeting women in female-headed, large and distant households. The government should increase investments in public infrastructure and services, such as roads, telecommunications and emergency support.

scholarly journals Integration of women in agriculture in Cañete - Peru [Integración de la mujer en la agricultura en Cañete, Perú]

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bessy Castillo Santa María ◽  
Bertha Nancy Larico Quispe ◽  
Rubén Andrés Moreno Sotomayor
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Women Leaders ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
The Face ◽  
Women In Agriculture

Women's work in the countryside is of great importance because it contributes to the economy of their people and their families from vulnerable areas, which require more attention from different institutions to improve their quality of life. The objective of this research is to determine the integration of the workforce of women in agriculture, through a questionnaire and semi-structured questions to women leaders dedicated to the agricultural sector and women workers who work in the field from the districts Imperial and Quilmana. As a result, the great growth potential of women and their contribution to food security, improvements in the economy were identified. On the other hand, these women are characterized by belonging to vulnerable sectors. Therefore, their participation in the labor force implies greater care and delicacy, especially in agro-export companies. With regard to gender equality, it is similar in work to that of men in agricultural activities, but with less income in wages. Therefore, women tend to contribute to the economic improvement of their rural family basket, being able to demonstrate great potential in labor development, taking on challenges in the face of poverty and inequality of opportunity, in the face of a state that emerges from mistrust and breach of agricultural public policies, which prevent professional development due to lack of economic resources in the rural areas of the Cañete Valley, Lima Region, Peru.

scholarly journals Tarım Sektöründe İşgücü Terminolojisinin Tanımlanması

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 773
Author(s):  
Zeki Bayramoğlu ◽  
Merve Bozdemir
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Market Structures ◽  
Market Formation ◽  
Total Labor

Labor is the efficient part of the population in production. Total labor supply that occurs subject to the developments in the population and labor demand that shapes according to the economic conditions; are two basic elements of market formation. Labor markets can be defined as a social organization where supply and demand are met and wage occurs. Labor market among all market structures are in such position that is significantly affected by other units of the economy and highly affects them due to its functioning and features. Therefore, during the production process and planning, it is necessary to analyze the labor markets in detail. The agricultural labor market within the labor markets which forms the basis of the economy and contributes to other markets from various sources, needs to be analyzed. The agricultural labor should be analyzed and classified because of the following reasons; the agricultural labor has direct contribution in the use of natural resources and capital elements in agricultural sector; the labor is used more intensively in the unit area in agricultural activities compared to other sectors; transfer of labor is realized from the agricultural sector to other sectors; agricultural labor composes the source of the hidden unemployment and structural unemployment. In addition, labor in agricultural sector should be classified in order to determine the types of labor force to be used in data formation for public institutions / organizations and to facilitate access to the correct decision processes in the projects and policies to be created by contributing to obtaining reliable statistical data. In line with those determined objectives, this study was carried out to determine the types of labor force in the agricultural sector, to combine the conceptual definitions made and to provide semantic integrity in the literature.

scholarly journals Women in Agriculture

1970 ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Mona Khalaf
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Natural Extension ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Women In Agriculture

Women 's involvement in the agricultural sector is a we ll recognized fact, particularly in developing countries where they are the most important food producers and where they ass ist their husbands in most of the farming tasks. Yet, they are still perceived basically as "housewives" and their involvement in agricultural activities is considered as a natural extension of their homemakers' role. As a result of this misconception, programs for economic development in rural areas are almost always designed by men "with the needs of men in mind.'"

scholarly journals AGRICULTURAL CREDITS AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY: CROSS-COUNTRY EVIDENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (supp01) ◽  
pp. 161-183
Author(s):  
UNAL SEVEN ◽  
SEMIH TUMEN
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Agricultural Finance ◽  
Development Path ◽  
Agricultural Labor Productivity ◽  
Cross Country

We present cross-country evidence suggesting that agricultural credits have a positive impact on agricultural productivity. In particular, we find that doubling agricultural credits generates around 4–5% increase in agricultural productivity. We use two different agricultural production measures: (i) the agricultural component of GDP and (ii) agricultural labor productivity. Employing a combination of panel-data and instrumental-variable methods, we show that agricultural credits operate mostly on the agricultural component of GDP in developing countries and agricultural labor productivity in developed countries. This suggests that the nature of the relationship between agricultural finance and agricultural output changes along the development path. We conjecture that the development of the agricultural finance system generates entry into the agricultural labor market, which pushes up the agricultural component of GDP and keeps down agricultural labor productivity in developing countries; while, in developed countries, it leads to labor-augmenting increase in agricultural production. We argue that replacement of the informal credit channel with formal and advanced agricultural credit markets along the development path is the main force driving the labor market response.

Heterogeneous effects of rural land property mortgage loan program on income

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Yang ◽  
Jianchao Luo ◽  
Wenshou Yan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Property Right ◽  
Mortgage Loan ◽  
Western China ◽  
Rural Land ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Loan Program

Purpose The innovative rural land property right mortgage loan program (RLPRMLP) provides a new channel for farmers to secure borrowing from microfinance institutions. Farmers’ land property right could be used as collateral to deal with moral hazard and adverse selection issues. The purpose of this paper is to document the effects of the RLPRMLP on households’ income using a unique data set from 1,279 households’ survey in Western China during 2012–2014. Design/methodology/approach At the first stage, the authors evaluate the impacts of RLPRMLP on households’ income to get the benchmark results when the authors control household’s observed and unobserved characteristics. To address the potential endogeneity issue resulting from the self-selection of farmers into the rural financial market, the authors apply the treatment effect model to identify the csusal effects of the innovative loan approach on a household’s income. Findings The empirical results favor the belief that participating in the RLPRMLP helps the households improve their total income (at least by 20.2 percent) and income per capita. This income-improving channel is only through agricultural sector, rather than through non-agricultural sector which potentially helps to deal with the inequality issue within poor regions. The results are robust when the authors control households’ characteristics, including observed and unobserved, and solve the endogeneity issue. Participating in the RLPRMLP could encourage farmers to invest more in the agricultural sector and increase agricultural productivity, which is the main mechanism of the income-improving effect of the RLPRMLP. Originality/value The innovative mortgage loan program provides a new channel for farmers to get loan. Land property right reform is being currently applied in rural China. Testing the effectiveness of combining land property right and microfinance loan method is necessary for the government policy making and development of rural areas. The findings are striking. The income improvement mechanism mainly works through agricultural sector, potentially because of the reform of land property, contributing to the increase of marginal product of land, i.e., the increase of agricultural productivity. These could help the development of microfinance theory, and the innovative loan method could be applied to other developing countries.

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