scholarly journals The Contribution of Baku-Tbilisi-Kars Railway to International Trade between Turkey and Turkish Republics

Author(s):  
Hakan Emanet

This study examines the potential contribution of the Baku-Tbilisi-Kars (BTK) railway, which is planned to be in service in 2017, to the commercial relationship between Turkey and five Turkish republics (Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan). First, the general structure of the last five years of foreign trade between Turkey and these states will be revealed. In the second stage, transport routes which are used extensively in the physical transport of goods in the current trade, and the benefits and drawbacks of these routes will be mentioned. In the third stage, the characteristics of the BTK railway will be specified as a new route option. In the last part, the future contribution of the BTK railway to the trade between Turkey and these states will be evaluated.

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Lutoshliva ◽  
Ekaterina Vorobyeva ◽  
Gulnara Turganova

It is identified that the depressed mood of cancer patients is one of natural responses to the disease. However, it can considerably reduce motivation to the treatment, overcoming the illness, increase the risk of suicidal behavior and in general worsen the quality of their life. Manifestations of the depressed mood of cancer patients are similar to manifestations of the depressed mood of the patients having chronic or deadly diseases. However, there are features which depend on some factors, the most important of which is the disease stage. The results obtained allow to draw a conclusion that the features of the depressed mood at the second stage of the disease are connected with acceptation of the diagnosis and can manifest in the feeling of a punishment expectation, loss of interests in previous hobbies and communication restrictions; the features of a depressed mood at the third stage are determined by the disease dynamics and the further forecast, and can manifest in the analysis of the previous mistakes, absence of of hopes for the future, disgust for themselves and feeling of uselessness.


2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-200
Author(s):  
Robert Z. Birdwell

Critics have argued that Elizabeth Gaskell's first novel, Mary Barton (1848), is split by a conflict between the modes of realism and romance. But the conflict does not render the novel incoherent, because Gaskell surpasses both modes through a utopian narrative that breaks with the conflict of form and gives coherence to the whole novel. Gaskell not only depicts what Thomas Carlyle called the ‘Condition of England’ in her work but also develops, through three stages, the utopia that will redeem this condition. The first stage is romantic nostalgia, a backward glance at Eden from the countryside surrounding Manchester. The second stage occurs in Manchester, as Gaskell mixes romance with a realistic mode, tracing a utopian drive toward death. The third stage is the utopian break with romantic and realistic accounts of the Condition of England and with the inadequate preceding conceptions of utopia. This third stage transforms narrative modes and figures a new mode of production.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Armstrong ◽  
Lorna Hogg ◽  
Pamela Charlotte Jacobsen

The first stage of this project aims to identify assessment measures which include items on voice-hearing by way of a systematic review. The second stage is the development of a brief framework of categories of positive experiences of voice hearing, using a triangulated approach, drawing on views from both professionals and people with lived experience. The third stage will involve using the framework to identify any positve aspects of voice-hearing included in the voice hearing assessments identified in stage 1.


2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (02) ◽  
pp. 227-229
Author(s):  
Yi-gao Hu ◽  
Wei Ding ◽  
Jun Tan ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Tao Luo ◽  
...  

AbstractThis article investigates an effective method with which to reconstruct the tragus and external auditory meatus for microtia reconstruction. The external ear was reconstructed using a delayed postauricular skin flap in patients with congenital microtia. After the first stage of delaying the postauricular skin flap and the second stage of otoplasty with ear framework fabricated from autogenous rib cartilage draping with the delayed skin flap, the third stage involved tragus and external auditory meatus canaloplasty. After designing the remnant auricle flap, the lower part was trimmed and the tragus was reconstructed. The upper part was trimmed into a thin skin flap, which was rotated and used to cover the hollowed wound posterosuperior to the tragus so as to mimic the external auditory meatus. If remnant wounds were present, skin grafting was conducted. In total, 121 patients with congenital microtia were treated from March 2010 to March 2016. The reconstructed tragus and external auditory meatus were well formed, and all wounds healed well. No severe complications such as flap necrosis occurred. Six months postoperatively, the morphology of the reconstructed tragus and external auditory meatus was good. Overall, the patients and their families were satisfied. The use of remnant auricle to reconstruct the tragus and external auditory meatus is an effective auricular reconstruction technique.


Author(s):  
Edward D. Mansfield

This chapter surveys the empirical literature on the effects of foreign trade on political-military conflict. There have been three “waves” of work on this topic since 1980. It is argued that the most recent wave differs from earlier waves in various important respects. First, it has made significant headway in addressing the causal mechanisms underlying the relationship between trade and conflict. Second, this wave has addressed a wider variety of aspects of trade, including trade policy and trade agreements. Third, a variety of recent studies have shed new light on the effects of trade on the outbreak of war, as well as the effects of war on the trade ties of combatants. Finally, the third wave of research on trade and conflict has addressed whether the effects of trade stem from market capitalism more generally and whether a simultaneous relationship exists between trade and conflict.


Author(s):  
Т.А. Богумил

В статье предлагается концепция жизни и творческого роста В.М. Шукшина сквозь призму тезаурусного и кластерного подходов. Объяснительными «персональными моделями» для интерпретации биографического текста писателя являются кластеры Мартина Идена, Гамлета и Степана Разина. Ранее биографы и литературоведы указывали на важность этих персон для Шукшина, но разрозненно. Впервые предпринята попытка свести указанные персональные модели воедино, в целостный сюжет становления писателя в пространстве культуры. На разных этапах эволюции автора доминирует одна из указанных моделей, последовательно сменяя друг друга, но не вытесняя, а «внахлест». Ранний этап творчества, ориентированный на стратегию Мартина Идена, является попыткой «вписаться» в наличный культурный мейнстрим. Выражено это в следовании поэтике соцреализма. Второй этап подспудно начинается с реабилитации отца Шукшина в 1956 года, когда актуализируется «гамлетовский комплекс», проявляющийся в чувстве вины перед отцом, через стратегию утаивания подлинного «я», мотивы чудаковатости. Третий этап связан с личностью реального исторического лица, Степана Разина, и выражается в открытом протесте против власти. Все важные для В.М. Шукшина поведенческие модели объединены мотивом одинокого противостояния враждебному социуму и имеют трагический финал, что обусловило ранний уход писателя и порождение мифов о насильственном характере его смерти. В.М. Шукшин одновременно был фигурой неординарной и типичной, что позволило его биографии стать «персональной моделью» для последующих авторов, выходцев из сельской глубинки. The article proposes the concept of life and creative growth of V.M. Shukshin through the prism of the thesaurus and cluster approach. The explanatory "personal models" for interpreting the biographical text of the writer are clusters of Martin Eden, Hamlet and Stepan Razin. Earlier, biographers and literary critics pointed out the importance of these people for Shukshin, but it was scattered. For the first time, an attempt was made to bring these personal models together into an integral plot of the formation of the writer in the space of culture. At different stages of the writer’s evolution, one of these models dominates, successively replacing each other, but not crowding out, but “overlapping”. The early stage of creativity, focused on Martin Eden’s strategy, is an attempt to “fit in” the current cultural mainstream. This is expressed in following the poetics of socialist realism. The second stage implicitly begins with the rehabilitation of Shukshin’s father in 1956, when the “Hamletian complex” is actualized. It is manifested in a sense of guilt towards his father, the strategy of concealing the true “I”, eccentricities. The third stage is connected with the personality of a real historical person, Stepan Razin, and is expressed in an open protest against the authorities. All important for V.M. Shukshin's behavioral models are united by the motive of a lonely confrontation with a hostile society and have a tragic ending, which led to the early departure of the writer and the generation of myths about the violent nature of his death. V.M. Shukshin was an extraordinary and typical figure at the same time. That allowed his biography to become a “personal model” for subsequent authors who came from the rural outback.


2020 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
D. V. Minukhin ◽  
O. I. Tsyvenko ◽  
A. Yu. Korolevska ◽  
L. G. Tarasenko ◽  
D. Yu. Melnyk ◽  
...  

Most authors considered pleural cavity drainage to be the main method of treatment of acute pleural empyema using minor surgery. Despite the simplicity of drainage of the pleural cavity, the number of complications after this surgical manipulation, according to the reports of some authors, varies from 3 to 8 %. The complications of pleural drainage in the patients with acute nonspecific pleural empyema have been studied and the technique of pleural drainage "blindly" has been introduced, which allows drainage to be located along the chest wall. At the first stage of the four−stage study, the complications of pleural drainage in 38 patients with acute nonspecific pleural empyema were analyzed, at the second stage a device for drainage of the pleural cavity "blindly" was developed to place drainage in parallel to the chest wall, at the third stage patients were tested; on IV −− drainage of the pleural cavity of 34 patients was performed according to the proposed method. The reason for the development of drainage complications in the pleural cavity of patients with acute pleural empyema was the inadequate location of drainage in the pleural cavity, drainage of the pleural cavity was carried out in general hospitals without the use of thoracoscopic equipment. Curved thoracoport with trocar for a blind drainage of the pleural cavity "blindly" was developed and introduced into clinical practice. This technique eliminates the involuntary location of the drainage in the pleural cavity, installing it along the chest wall, and is safe. Complications associated with drainage of the pleural cavity according to the developed method using a curved thoracoport with a trocar, inadequate location of drainage, were not observed in patients. Key words: acute pleural empyema, pleural cavity drainage, curved trocar.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-320
Author(s):  
Muhamad Sidik Triadi ◽  
Irfan Sanusi ◽  
Lida Imelda Cholidah

ABSTRAK Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui manajemen humas radio Rama FM Bandung dalam meningkatkan pemasang iklan dari mulai tahapan perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan sampai dengan pengawasan, metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk mengetahui karakteristik  dengan cara berinteraksi secara langsung dan mendalam mengenai sebuah program dan ringkasan yang digambarkan pada konteks di atas mendasari untuk menggali dan mendeskripsikan kegiatan-kegiatan yang dijalankan oleh radio Rama FM Bandung dalam meningkatkan pemasang iklan. Analisis penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualittaif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kegiatan manajemen humas radio Rama FM Bandung dalam meningkatkan pemasang iklan dimulai pada tahapan pertama yaitu perencanaan pembuatan proposal, inovasi program, pengemasan iklan dan penyampaian iklan. Tahapan kedua yaitu pengorganisasian dengan komunikasi, membentuk team, pertimbangan tugas, dan persetujuan dari pimpinan. Tahapan ketiga yaitu pelaksanaan sesuai tugas, presentasi, pelaksanaan tugas sesuai susunan, pelaksanaan kegiatan. Tahap keempat yaitu pengawasan koordinasi, kinerja team yang bertugas, program yang berlangsung, dan pengawasan proses sebagai bahan evaluasi. Kata Kunci : Manajemen Humas; Meningkatkan; Pemasang Iklan. ABSTRACT This writing aims to determine radio public relations management Rama FM Bandung in increasing advertisers from the stages of planning, organizing, implementation to supervision, this research method uses a case study method to determine the characteristics by interacting directly and deeply about a case and summary illustrated in the above context underlying to explore and describe the activities carried out by radio Rama FM Bandung in improving advertisers. The analysis of this study uses descriptive qualitative. The results showed that the radio public relations management activities of Rama FM Bandung in increasing advertisers began in the first stage, namely the planning of making proposals, program innovation, packaging of advertisements and delivery of advertisements. The second stage is organizing with communication, forming teams, considering assignments, and approval from the leadership. The third stage is the implementation of tasks, presentations, implementation of tasks according to the arrangement, implementation of activities. The fourth stage is monitoring coordination, the performance of the team in charge, the ongoing program, and monitoring the process as an evaluation material. Keywords : Management Public Relations; Improve; Advertiser.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-300
Author(s):  
Hadi Nurdin ◽  
Dang Eif Saiful Amin ◽  
Dyah Rahmi Astuti

ABSTRAK Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi  CSR PT. Pos Indonesia pada program bantuan sarana peribadatan mulai dari tahap perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan dan pengawasan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus untuk mengetahui karakteristik  dengan cara berinteraksi secara langsung dan mendalam mengenai sebuah kasus dan ringkasan yang digambarkan pada konteks di atas mendasari untuk menggali dan mendeskripsikan kegiatan-kegiatan divisi PKBL PT. Pos Indonesia. Analisis penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualittaif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Implementasi Kegiatan Responsibility CSR pada program bantuan sarana peribadatan, mulai dari tahap pertama yaitu perencanaan agenda proposal, peninjauan proposal, dan perencanaan anggaran. Tahap kedua yaitu tahap pengorganisasian dengan mengorganisasikan persiapan, mengorganisasikan koordinasi dan mengorganisasikan pengelolaan anggaran. Tahap ketiga yaitu tahap pelaksanaan melaksanan briefing, melaksanakan program dilapangan dan melaksankan penyaluran dan. Tahap terakhir yaitu pengawasan  mengawasi program, mengawasi dana yang telah disalurkan. Kata Kunci : CSR; Implementasi; Bantuan Sarana Peribadatan ABSTRACT This research aims to determine the implementation of CSR PT. Pos Indonesia in the assistance program for worship facilities starting from the planning, organizing, implementing and monitoring stages. This research method uses a case study method to find out the characteristics by interacting directly and deeply about a case and a summary illustrated in the above context is underlying to explore and describe the activities of the PKBL division of PT. Indonesian post. The analysis of this study uses descriptive qualitative. The results of the study show that the implementation of CSR Responsibility Activities in the worship facilities assistance program, starting from the first stage, namely planning the proposal agenda, reviewing proposals, and budget planning. The second stage is the organizing stage by organizing preparations, organizing coordination and organizing budget management. The third stage is the stage of carrying out the briefing, implementing the program in the field and implementing the distribution and. The last stage is supervision overseeing the program, overseeing the funds that have been channeled. Keywords : CSR; Implementation; Religious Facilities Assistance


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-247
Author(s):  
Alsu Raufovna Kamaleeva ◽  
Svetlana Yurevna Gruzkova

The following paper deals with the application of methodology of pedagogical situations cognitive modeling, which is considered by the authors as a process consisting of six consecutive and interconnected stages. The first stage is a formulation of the purpose and the corresponding tasks. The second stage provides collecting, systematization and analysis of a pedagogical situation with the subsequent allocation of the major factors influencing development of the situation and determination of interrelation between them, i.e. creation of a cognitive map. At the third stage a focused count is created as a result of accounting of the cause and effect chains reflecting the system of interaction between the educational process subjects and allowing to form a pedagogical theory on the basis of basic person study categories: consciousness, thinking, knowledge, understanding, etc. The fourth stage assumes combination of the cognitive map and the focused count in a uniform cognitive model of the studied pedagogical situation. The fifth stage is focused on a real pedagogical situation cognitive model adequacy check i.e. on its verification. The last sixth stage allows to define possible options of a pedagogical situation development by a cognitive model, to find ways and mechanisms of a situation impact.


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