scholarly journals The Determinants of Turkey's Intra-Industry Trade with European Union Countries: The Gravity Model Results (1996-2013)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Kemal Değer ◽  
Muharrem Akın Doğanay ◽  
Osman Murat Telatar
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Real Effective Exchange Rate ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Industry Trade ◽  
Positive Effects

In recent years, structure of world trade is transformed to intra-industry trade (IIT) that is defined as the import and export of similar commodities. The transformation of foreign trade structure has led to increase either theoretical or empirical studies on IIT. A large part of the empirical studies on international trade deals with gravity model for explaining the determinants of foreign trade. According to gravity model, trade between countries, is affected negatively to the distance between them and positively to the size of the country. Similar statements can be used in terms of the determinants of IIT. Therefore, this study will be carried out determinants of IIT with using the gravity model. In this paper, determinants of intra-industry trade in manufacturing sectors between Turkey and European Union (EU) 15 countries will be estimated by panel data regression analysis in 1996-2013 periods. The results of this study indicate that market size and foreign direct investments have positive effects and distance between countries and real effective exchange rate have negative effects on Turkey’s manufacturing sector IIT with EU 15.

E-Government in Slovene Municipalities

2009 ◽  
pp. 163-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Jukic ◽  
Mateja Kunstelj ◽  
Mitja Decman ◽  
Mirko Vintar
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Past

In this chapter, 3 main aspects of municipal e-government in Slovenia are investigated thoroughly: supply, demand, and the view of municipal officials. After the review of studies in the field, the results of 3 empirical studies are presented. While the supply-side aspect of municipal e-government has been investigated within several studies, the view of external (citizens) and internal (municipal officials) users of municipal e-government have been rather neglected in the past, and the same is true for effects measured in this field. This chapter fills these gaps. The results revealed that municipal Web supply is poor, which is reflected in citizens’ satisfaction as well. Surprisingly, municipal officials are not well aware of possibilities e-government offers to them and to their customers. In addition, they believe that positive effects brought about the introduction of e-government are not significant, while among negative effects larger range of tasks, heavier workload, and increased complexity of tasks are stressed. At the end of the chapter key findings are summarized.

From welfare to wealth creation

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Verma Gakhar ◽  
Abhijit Phukon
Keyword(s):  
Citation Analysis ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review several influential empirical studies that examine the performance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). The paper undertakes a citation analysis of journals, authors and titles in the area of privatization and firm performance in general, and assesses the impact of privatization on the performance of SOEs in particular. Design/methodology/approach The methodology is based on a systematic and structured review of over 100 papers published in economics, public management, business strategy and related social sciences. The systematic review is based on citation analysis of journals, authors and titles. The journal and author citation counts were tabulated by leveraging the databases of SCImago Journal Rankings and Google Scholar and filtered it to find out the most highly cited journals and authors. The structured review is based on the framing opinion with respect to major findings, variables selected, measurement techniques and statistical tools applied by different researchers. The impact is measured through coding a value “P” in case of positive effects, “N” in case of negative effects and “NT” in case the study found both positive and negative effects. Findings The citation analysis reveals that American Economic Review, Journal of Financial Economics, Review of Financial Studies and Journal of Finance as the top-cited journals, and Megginson and Netter (3,468), Megginson et al. (1,737), Djankov and Murrell (1,356), Boardman and Vining (1,320), Balsam et al. (1,094) and DeWenter and Malatesta (1,018) as the top-cited authors in this particular research field. While majority research studies have revealed a significant improvement in the performance of SOEs in the post-privatization period, few studies have reserved their impact as neutral or even negative in some respects. Originality/value Given that economic transitions, corporate governance, and performance of SOEs have attracted a great attention from public management and business strategy scholars in recent years, this paper aims to summarize a large number of empirical studies that examine the performance of SOEs. The paper would be useful to future researchers especially the beginners and early career researchers in terms of its current trends, selection of variables, measurement techniques and statistical tools applied.

How social exclusion and high self-esteem negatively affect consumer attitudes toward anthropomorphized products

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ruiheng Fu ◽  
Wei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Consumer Attitudes ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Marketing Managers ◽  
Socially Excluded

Empirical studies have demonstrated that the anthropomorphism of products has positive effects on consumers' attitudes and behaviors toward those products. However, our findings in two experiments suggest that product anthropomorphism might produce negative effects under certain conditions. People who were socially excluded and who had high self-esteem evaluated anthropomorphized products more negatively than did those with low self-esteem, and the distinctiveness motivation mediated the effect of this interaction of social exclusion and self-esteem on attitudes toward anthropomorphized products. Our findings extend extant knowledge of product anthropomorphism and provide marketing managers with practical suggestions for applying marketing strategies that utilize anthropomorphized products.

What effects does international mobility have on scientists’ careers? A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolai Netz ◽  
Svenja Hampel ◽  
Valeria Aman
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Scientific Productivity ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Scientific Impact ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Advance Research

Abstract The internationalization and specialization of science confront scientists with opportunities and sometimes even a need to become internationally mobile during their careers. Against this background, we systematically reviewed empirical studies on the effects that mobility across national borders has on the careers of scientists. Using several search channels, we identified 96 studies – published between 1994 and 2019 – that examine how international mobility influences eight dimensions of scientists’ careers. Listed in descending order of the number of identified studies, these dimensions comprise scientists’ (1) international networks, (2) scientific productivity, (3) occupational situation, (4) scientific impact, (5) competences and personality, (6) scientific knowledge, (7) access to research infrastructures and funds, and (8) symbolic capital. Existing research provides robust evidence of positive effects of international mobility on the broadening of scientists’ networks. Moreover, several solid studies examine the effect of international mobility on scientists’ productivity, impact, and occupational situation. Most of them find positive effects, but some also find no or negative effects. Studies on the other career dimensions are not only less frequent, but mostly also less robust. Our review reveals potential to advance research in the field by using less selective samples and more rigorous methodological approaches. Intending to spur further theory-driven empirical research, we develop a model integrating research on the identified career dimensions and derive various questions for future research. We conclude by highlighting policy implications of existing research.

scholarly journals Are Leaders’ Perceptions of Organizational Politics Worsening Favorable Employee Outcomes? The Role of Ethical Leadership

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10767
Author(s):  
Soojin Lee ◽  
Jinhee Kim ◽  
Gukdo Byun
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Leadership ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Organizational Politics ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Perceptions Of Organizational Politics ◽  
Using Data

Researchers have conducted many empirical studies on the positive effects of ethical leadership. However, they have paid little attention to the antecedents of ethical leadership. This study sought to fill this gap by examining the negative effects of leaders’ perceptions of organizational politics on ethical leadership and the job performance of employees. Accordingly, this study investigated the relationships among them using data collected from 220 dyads of leaders and followers in major companies in South Korea. The results showed that leaders’ perceptions of organizational politics negatively affected their ethical leadership, which, in turn, had an adverse impact on the task performance and organizational citizenship behavior of employees. This paper also provides the theoretical and applied implications of the findings as well as future research directions.

scholarly journals Foreign Direct Investment and Trade—Between Complementarity and Substitution. Evidence from European Union Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 559
Author(s):  
Marian Catalin Voica ◽  
Mirela Panait ◽  
Eglantina Hysa ◽  
Arjona Cela ◽  
Otilia Manta
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Visegrad Group

This aim of this work is to study the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade. FDI is a driving force for economic growth for host countries. The positive effects of FDI are seen in many aspects of the economy. However, the implications of FDI on foreign trade are questionable. Therefore, this study uses a Granger causality technique to test whether the relationship between FDI and foreign trade is complementary or substitutive. The findings of this study indicate that this relationship appears to be complementary, and FDI investment does cause an increase in trade flow in the countries that are taken into consideration. This research aims to make a comparison between the relations of FDI flows of three groups of countries from the European Union (EU)—Romania and Bulgaria, the Visegrád Group and the Euro area—for the period of 2005 to 2019. However, the results indicate that this link between the variables is not yet found for the three group of countries, and further research is required in this aspect. This leads to the conclusion that the FDI impact on foreign trade of the host country depends on the type of investment and absorptive capacity of the receiver, the economic development of host and home countries, and not every type of FDI leads to more trade.

The Impact of Migration on Foreign Trade in Bolivia

2006 ◽  
pp. 125-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Javier Canavire Bacarreza ◽  
Laura Ehrlich
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Lower Margin ◽  
Industry Trade ◽  
Immigration And Emigration ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Small Economy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic Size

While the causal relationship between migration and trade has not been studied thoroughly, estimation results of empirical studies suggest that important aspects determining trade volumes can be missed if additional factors, including migration, are not considered. The current paper aims at testing the impact of migration on foreign trade in a small economy like Bolivia. We test the impact of both, immigration and emigration on exports and imports and also on intra-industry trade. We use gravity model approach to this end. We control for the economic size and geographical location of trade partners, and for changes in terms of trade. Our results show relatively similar impact of both immigration and emigration on foreign trade, confirming positive significant effect of immigration on exports and imports also in Bolivia, even when the migration flows in Bolivia are not as high as in the case of most countries analyzed previously. The imports elasticities are slightly higher, both elasticities are closer to the lower margin of the range based on previous studies. We can conclude positive effect of migration flows also on intra-industry trade, somewhat surprisingly the impact of emigration being much higher than that of immigration. Our estimation results on Bolivia show that migration has effect on foreign trade, even if the share of migrants in the population is low.

scholarly journals A lean termelési rendszer munkásokra gyakorolt hatása (Effects of lean production on quality of working life from workers’ point of view)

2011 ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Dávid Losonci
Keyword(s):  
Operations Management ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Lean Production ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Quality Of Working Life ◽  
Positive Effects

A lean termelési rendszer munkásokra gyakorolt hatásaival foglalkozó irodalomban nincsen egyetértés annak megítélésében, hogy a hatásokban a negatív vagy pozitív hatások dominálnak-e. A szerző tanulmánya ehhez a vitához a pszichológiai, egészségügyi, munkahelyi jellemzőkre és a dolgozói elégedettségre vonatkozó eredmények áttekintésével kapcsolódik. A munkások elégedettségének vizsgálata arra utal, hogy a lean termelési rendszer egyszerre növeli és csökkenti is az elégedettséget, így az összességében nem változik más termelési rendszerekhez képest. A lean termelés kritikusai azt hangsúlyozzák, hogy a többi tényező negatívan hat a munkásokra. Megállapításaik megalapozottsága a nagyon kevés empirikus munka miatt megkérdőjelezhető. Ugyanakkor a tevékenységmenedzsment kutatói érdemben nem tudják cáfolni a stressz, a sérülések és betegségek kockázatának növekedését és a munka intenzívebbé válását. A negatív hatások és a várt pozitív hatások hiányának kiemelése felveti, hogy a munkavállalók bevonásán alapuló lean termelési rendszer nehezen ültethető át a gyakorlatba, illetve hogy a lean termelés intenzifikáción alapuló modellje is elterjedt. _____________ This literature review contributes to the debate related to the effects of lean production on workers. The study reviews different dimensions of the debate and focuses on issues like worker’s satisfaction, psychological effects, health and safety aspects, and workplace characteristics. Findings of researches reviewed in this paper cannot confirm that from workers’ point of view lean production is better than other production initiatives. Lean production enhances and decreases worker’s satisfaction at the same time, altogether, the satisfaction of workers does not change significantly compared to other systems. The negative impact of the other factors (psychological etc.) on workers is usually emphasized in the critique of lean production. Although, the limited number of (empirical) studies doubts these critical voices. However, Operations Management can not reject negative effects like increasing level of stress, increased risks of health and safety problems or intensification of work. The emphasis of the negative effects and the lack of positive effects can refer to the difficult employment of lean involvement system, or simply reflect that the model of lean intensification system is widely spread.

scholarly journals Why should the gravity model be taught in business education?

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 422-433
Author(s):  
Anca Tamaş
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Business Education ◽  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to critically analyze the papers from the literature mainstream regarding the gravity model and to identify the main findings. The paper highlights the importance of studying the gravity model in the tertiary business education. Introduced by Tinbergen (1962), the gravity model was widely used to analyze the international trade flows in theoretical, as well as empirical studies. Alongside the classical determinants, economy size, market size and geographical distance, other variables which influence the trade flows were found: trade agreements, foreign direct investments, exchange rate, trade taxes, cultural distance, migration, remoteness, knowledge capital, technological development. There are many controversies regarding the zeroes problem within the model, as well as many controversies on the solutions of the zeroes problem. A meta-analysis and systematic review of the relevant literature in the last 56 years was conducted. From author’s knowledge, this study is the most extended literature review on the gravity model, covering more than 50 years of research. Despite all the theoretical controversies, the gravity model proved to be a robust one, with a great power of explanation in more than 80% of the dynamics and structure of the trade flows. Therefore, the gravity model should be considered a valuable analysis tool in teaching and studying in tertiary business education: international trade, econometrics, statistics, trade policy and so on.

scholarly journals CROATIA’S ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE FUTURE OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Erkan Ilgün ◽  
Adnan Murad
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Export Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Preferential Treatment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Core ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Eu

Whenever a country joins European Union, there are some effects, which not only change the game for entering country but also for third non member countries. The foremost objective of this paper is to examine the possible effects of Croatian joining the European Union on the foreign trade between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The core assumption is that Croatian accession to the EU has negative effects on the trade between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina because Croatia is not giving preferential treatment to BH market. To maintain its export market share in the Croatian market, Bosnia and Herzegovina has to show high level of competitiveness.

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