scholarly journals Privatization In Transition Economies

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Metin Sağlam ◽  
Necmi Ocak
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
International System ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Transition Economics ◽  
Globalized World

This study basically examines the Soviet Regime’s former hinterland transition economies. In a globalized world these countries face with some major problems with their cumbersome public sector. Many countries have initiated to privatize state-owned enterprises aim of which is to improve the standard of living their citizens and to achieve a higher growth rate. As known, privatization plays an important role in reducing the role of government in society. In this sense, this study will analyze the process of privatization in Transition Economies. The main methodological way of this study is based on a broad literature review. In this sense, some basic articles and data will be the main source of this paper. Our study consists of two parts; while the identification of privatizations will be pointed out in the first part of study, transition economics will be the main subject of the second part. It is concluded that privatizations in which transition economies do not have the same results in the process of planned economy which is based on commanded economy. It will also be discussed that the process of privatization differs from one country to another. In this regard, our study will argue that why some countries such as Hungary and Czech Republic which are members of Europe Union are easily and fast integrate to international system in the sense of privatization.

scholarly journals Standard of living, quality of life and per capita GDP: a South African experience

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 882-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Tabani Mpofu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Per Capita

This study looked at the phenomenon of the quality of life (QoL) as measured by the Human Development Index (HDI), which is a composite statistic used to rank countries by the level of “human development”. Measuring and determining what is QoL is not an easy task. In this study, using HDI as the yardstick for QoL, the concepts of standard of living and per capita income were examined closely in relation to the role of government in its public expenditure programmes and how these programmes in turn influenced QoL. This research question was seen as the key to addressing the phenomenon of QoL. In particular, the role of government expenditure on health and education seems to signify the commitment of a government in improving the HDI or QoL. Using data on government expenditure of South Africa for the period 1995 to 2011, the relationships amongst these variables were examined. The findings indicate that there seems to be a significant correlation between HDI and government spending on health and education as a percentage of GDP, but there seems to be of no significance to include the variable government spending on health and education as a percentage of total government spending. The findings tell us that between 1995 and 2011, government spending on education as a percentage of GDP has had a positive impact on HDI. However, government spending on health as a percentage of GDP has had a retarding effect as shown by the negative coefficient of variation. It then implies that for South Africa to realize the MDG goals and improve on the HDI, public spending on health as a percentage of GDP needs to be significantly increased.

scholarly journals UPAYA MENEKAN ANGKA KEMISKINAN SERTA PEMERATAAN PENDAPATAN NASIONAL MELALUI PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI BERBASIS ZAKAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Dwi Ratna Indri Hapsari
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Poverty is a state of people who are not able to meet their needs. As a result, people cannot live a decent so that their standard of living decline. Differences of community groups with specific earnings income gaps cause problems. Therefore, the necessary role of government in equalizes the distribution of income distribution. Starting from the economic problems then came the idea of sharia, namely optimization zakat is obligatory for Muslims to remember Indonesia is the country with the largest Muslim population in the world. Indonesia is not a religious country, but a country with a predominantly Muslim, the middle ground is needed, namely the role of the state and society in the two positions together. When zakat management is conducted in accordance with Islamic law, the mandate, expediency principle, justice and the rule of law as well as integrated it can undoubtedly reduce poverty and income inequality in Indonesian.

scholarly journals Modelling the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in the Czech Republic and the role of government interventions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondrej Majek ◽  
Ondrej Ngo ◽  
Jiri Jarkovsky ◽  
Martin Komenda ◽  
Jarmila Razova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Epidemiological Model ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Government Interventions

In the Czech Republic, the first COVID-19 cases were confirmed on 1 March 2020; early population interventions were adopted in the following weeks. A simple epidemiological model was developed to help decision-makers understand the course of the epidemic and perform short-term predictions. In this paper, we present the use of the model and estimated changes in the reproduction number (decrease from > 2.00 to < 1.00 over March and April) following adopted interventions.

scholarly journals Globalisation, Unemployment, and Poverty: The Need for a New Perspective on Social Protection in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Roslan ◽  
M.M. Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Impact

The integration of an economy to the global market, even when it leads to a higher standard of living, usually results in economic uncertainties and insecurity, as well as eroding social values and traditions of the society. Some people may gain, while some others may lose out from it, which may cause distributive conflicts to emerge. The economic uncertainties and insecurity, as well as the distributive conflicts that arise from globalisation, could disrupt the economy from securing the benefits of globalisation, and consequently could pose an impediment to economic growth. Hence, some scholars has argued that globalisation also increases the demand for greater role of government to stabilise the economy in terms of providing adequate social protection, if the benefits from globalisation are to be realised. This paper attempts to examine the impact of globalisation on the welfare of the Malaysian society, particularly on unemployment and poverty, and discusses the issues and challenges with regards to the provision of social protection in Malaysia. The paper argues that Malaysia needs a new perspective on social protection, as the existing institutions are deemed inadequate in providing protection to the society in the globalised economy.  

Robert J. Gordon, The Rise and Fall of American Growth: The U.S. Standard of Living since the Civil War.

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
Gary Cross
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Business Innovation ◽  
Economic Stagnation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bold Claim

By now many of you have heard about, considered reading (if not deterred by its 762-page girth), and even dipped into Robert Gordon's The Rise and Fall of American Growth. This tome well deserves the attention that it has received for addressing a burning issue today: economic stagnation and its origins. Taking the long view with both summary statistics of trends in growth between 1870 and the present, but also with an amazing variety of graphs and charts detailing patterns of growth in a wide variety of industries, Gordon chronicles the impact of the second and third industrializations. His oft-repeated argument is simple, that growth was revolutionary in the history of humanity in the century after 1870, resulting from the effects of the second industrialization (launched by electricity and the internal combustion engine especially), and raising living standards in profound but unrepeatable ways. Though he finds the 1920s to 1970 to be most dramatic in growth rates (especially resulting from technology and innovation measured by total factor productivity [TFP]—accounting for growth outside resource inputs), after 1970 that productivity was barely a third of the previous century despite the digitalization of the third industrialization, which contributes only 7 percent of gross domestic product (GDP). This lag is especially evident since 2004 with no reasonable prospects for reversal, and the decline in the rate of growth has been accompanied by increasing income inequality with demographic lags and other “headwinds” further threatening growth. The argument is predominately based on technological change, though Gordon recognizes the role of government and even unions (in raising wages) and less often business innovation in advancing growth. Much of the book's reception has been shaped by economists and economic historians addressing this bold claim, and it has been compared with Thomas Piketty's even more ambitious work on the trend toward inequality.

Importance–performance analysis approach to destination management

2020 ◽  
pp. 135481662090391
Author(s):  
Ida Rašovská ◽  
Marketa Kubickova ◽  
Kateřina Ryglová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Performance

The role of government in destination development is not a new topic; however, the way the government can impact tourism destination development is still under research. This study addresses such issues, specifically, striving to shed some light on the aspects of importance/performance as it relates to destination management. By understanding such relationships, government officials (at local and state levels) will be able to create specific policies/procedures that would facilitate tourism development. This study utilizes importance/performance methodology to analyze three types of regions (mountain, spa, and wine) in the Czech Republic. The results indicate that variations among the regions exist in terms of areas of importance and performance and point out opportunities for further improvements. Thorough discussions and implications for the industry are made along with suggestions for future research.

scholarly journals Impact of Institutions and Human Capital on CO2 Emissions in EU Transition Economies

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Yilmaz Bayar ◽  
Vladimir Smirnov ◽  
Marina Danilina ◽  
Natalia Kabanova
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Integration Analysis

Environmental degradation is one of the most significant problems of the globalized world. This paper explores the impact of institutional development and human capital on CO2 emissions in 11 EU transition economies over the period of 2000–2018 through co-integration analysis. The co-integration analysis revealed that human capital negatively affected CO2 emissions in Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovenia, and that institutions had a negative impact on CO2 emissions in the Czech Republic. However, both institutions and human capital positively affected CO2 emissions in Latvia and Lithuania.

scholarly journals Public borrowing and their impact on growth of public well-being

KANT ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Olga Yrievna Kuzmina ◽  
Maria Eugenievna Konovalova ◽  
Anton Valerievich Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Slow Increase ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
The Social ◽  
Market Relations

The article is devoted to the study of the role of government borrowing in the system of modern market relations, in which the search for tools to maintain or increase the social welfare of citizens is one of the urgent issues. In conditions of weak economic growth and a slow increase in the standard of living of the population, one of the most significant ways to activate economic growth is precisely the amount of funds raised by the state for solving key social problems. As part of the study, an analysis of internal and external government borrowings of the Russian economic system was carried out, using the tools of the theory of probability and mathematical statistics, the degree of influence of government debt on macroeconomic development was revealed, and ways to optimize government borrowing were proposed.

scholarly journals ПРАВО ЛЮДИНИ НА ГІДНЕ ЖИТТЯ ЯК НЕВІД’ЄМНА СКЛАДОВА СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ ДЕРЖАВИ

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
О. Ф. Цуварев
Keyword(s):  
Life Quality ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Decent Life ◽  
Integrated Concept ◽  
Dignified Life

The article discloses the meaning «a decent life», reveals the essence of the human right a dignified life, characterized by its legal nature, examines the role of government in ensuring a decent life, and shows the integrated concept of human right to a dignified life. Key words: human rights, dignity, decent life, quality of life, standard of living, personality, civil society, social politics, social state, development.

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