scholarly journals The Role of Logistics Services in Development of Foreign Trade in Central Asia

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazım Çatalbaş
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Transportation Costs ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
Logistics Services ◽  
The Developed Countries

The crucial technical changes in the transport has significantly contributed to the globalization of production and trade. But, in the pure foreign trade theory, transport costs have been ignored, transportation costs are assumed to be zero. With the new approaches, the importance of logistics services in foreign trade has been understood. According to Porter's model, the logistics services are among the main activities and it determines the cost advantage. This study focuses on relationships between logistics services and foreign trade in the Central Asia. Central Asian countries’ data were compared with the other countries. Central Asia does not have a direct connection to any sea. Due to lack of territorial access to the sea and therefore remoteness and isolation from world markets causing high transit and transportation costs. While logistics performances are low in the landlocked developing countries, it is high in the developed countries. The low logistics performance increases the costs of foreign trade and cause waste of time in region. For reducing logistics costs in Central Asia, it should be renewed transport infrastructure, constructed alternative networks, harmonised customs and transit regimes in Asian countries and realized other arrangements facilitating the trade. These arrangements for cooperation among countries in the region as well as regional organizations are also required.

Foreign Trade of Russia: Barometer Foretells Storm

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
V. Obolenskiy
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Effective System ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Developed Countries

The development of Russian foreign trade during the previous five years is analyzed. It is stated that, in terms of value, exports of services and imports of goods and services steadily grew during the first four years of the period under review. Exports of goods also rose during three years, but in 2014 both exports and imports again fell in comparison with the previous year as was the case five years ago. The composition of the Russian exports and imports of goods did not change radically during the previous years. The main items of export are, as always, mineral products, metals and fertilizers. Import is prevailed by foodstuffs, chemicals and heavy engineering equipment. The current situation is featured by the reduction of world oil prices, slump of the domestic economy and war of sanctions with the Western countries. All this substantially impairs the conditions of Russia’s foreign trade activities and inhibits its development in the upcoming years. In the author’s view, the implementation of measures worked out by the government – correction of tariff liabilities before the WTO, redirecting of trade streams from the European to the Asian markets, import substitution and export support – will unlikely improve the situation. Revision of the liabilities before the WTO in the conditions of the decrease of the internal demand and serious devaluation of Ruble is considered as inappropriate and counterproductive. “Asiatic turn” is only capable to compensate to a certain respect the loss of supplies of some food products from Europe, but cannot fully offset the loss of potentialities of the acquisition of modern technologies and equipment from the developed countries. It is doubtful that it will be possible to dramatically cut the import dependence. It is necessary to replace many kinds of foreign goods, but it is impossible to implement a frontal substitution of import in all directions. Excessive stress on the import substitution might lead to the emergence of shortages and poorer availability of some goods at the internal market and, at the worst, to self-isolation and economic autarky. The attempts to build up an effective system of export support might be successful only in the conditions of the establishment of the large-scale production of goods and services which would be comparable with the foreign analogues in respect to the criteria of price and quality. Taking this into consideration the technological renovation of production processes, first of all in the manufacturing industry, and on this basis rising up of the competitiveness of plants and factories are the most important prerequisites for encouraging export activities and formation of the new export specialization of the country.

scholarly journals THE RESEARCH ON INTERFACE BETWEEN LITHUANIAN DIRECT INVESTMENT ABROAD AND FOREIGN TRADE FLOWS

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-151
Author(s):  
Anžela KOZLOVA ◽  
Algita MIEČINSKIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
General Development ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research Analysis

The scientific research results related to foreign trade and direct investment abroad (DIA) are discussed in the article. The relation of the direct investment abroad and foreign trade is still under the discussion as there is no clear answer whether foreign trade is supplemented or replaced by the direct investment abroad. Since 1997 the flows of the direct investment abroad increased greately in Lithuania. Consequently, it is important to define the link between the DIA and foreign trade considering each country separately. Direct investment abroad and trade links in Lithuania in 1997–2014 are analyzed in the article. The research analysis involves Lithuanian direct investments in the developed countries except some countries, such as Belorus, Russia and Ukraine. It is defined that there is a positive bilateral link between Lithuanian direct investment abroad and foreign trade. It is also observed the impact of general development of Lithuanian direct investment abroad (considering certain countries) on the countries economy itself – imports can exceed exports. Engle-Granger causality test is applied in the research paper for the purpose of defining the impact of the DIA on the import and export range.

scholarly journals Ukraine’s foreign trade: responses to global challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
Svitlana Radzivivska ◽  
Ivan Us
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
Global Production Networks ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Business Elite ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Developed Countries

The overview of the country’s trade with all the continents during the period of 2000-2019 is given. The description of the commodity structure of exports/imports of goods, with particular attention to the industrial products, is followed by the detailed analysis of Ukraine’s foreign trade in 2020. The decrease in Ukraine’s foreign trade in 2020 by 6.4% is fully consistent with the projected WTO reduction of world trade in 2020 by 9.2%. Although COVID-19 had negative impact on Ukraine’s trade with the EU and the EAEU, it contributed to closer trade ties with Asia, improving Ukraine’s trade balance. The government and the national business elite should aim at solving the problems of increasing the volume and improving the commodity structure of Ukraine’s foreign trade with emphasis on the development of transport system for exporting agricultural and food products to the developed countries of the West and to the prospective economies of the East and the South. It is essential, on the one hand, to focus on the inflows of FDI and their appropriate use, and, on the other hand, on Ukraine’s participation in the formation of GVCs, global production networks. In the conditions of the Fourth industrial revolution, the economy finds itself transformed due to the fundamental changes. The optimization of foreign trade relations of Ukraine will not only improve the economy, but also enable the country to become a better functioning element of the global economic system.

On the Prospects for International Commercial Shipbuilding Competiveness in Developed Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (02) ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Philip C. Koenig
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Newly Industrialized Countries ◽  
Industry Life Cycle ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
New Generation

Since the 1950s, firms in mature manufacturing industries in the developed countries have come under severe pressure from competition based in up-and-coming newly industrialized countries. Particularly in heavy industries, the outlook for the established manufacturers became grim in the 1970s and 1980s. Despite a partial resurgence in some western heavy industries in the 1990s, a new generation of powerful competition emerged in the 2000s and this has placed the future of heavy industrial competitiveness in western and developed Asian countries in question. What is the situation in shipbuilding? Can competitiveness be maintained or resurrected in developed countries? In this article, this question is discussed through two perspectives: that of the industry life cycle and the level of attractiveness of the industry.

Stock market and real activity : an empirical study of several Asian countries

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Masturah Ma'in ◽  
Arifin Md. Salleh ◽  
Abd. Ghafar Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Stock Returns ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Real Activity ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Data Frequency

The objective ofthis study is to investigate the performance ofthe stock market as an indicator to real activity. The evidence ofthis relationship will focus on the sample of data obtained from Malaysia, Japan, Australia, India and Pakistan. The ordinary least square (OLS) and ECM-causality are used to examine the cointegration relationship and causality effect through the sample of data frequency to the related countries. The results show that there is causal-link between stock returns and industrial production index. This particularly exists in Australia, Japan and Malaysia. However, in Pakistan and India, there are no effects traced Therefore, based on the empirical evidence, it clearly shows that the stock market does not predict the real activity in all Asian countries compared to the developed countries in which their stock markets play an important role in predicting the real activity.

Major Development Mechanisms for the Infrastructure of the Transport and Logistics Complex in Kazakhstan

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1474
Author(s):  
Gulmira Sovetovna SAKTAGANOVA ◽  
Lyubov Valentinovna LEGOSTAEVA ◽  
Ainur Tursynbaevna KARIPOVA
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Logistics Services ◽  
Logistics Enterprises ◽  
The Government

The transport and logistics complex of Kazakhstan, international transport corridors and bridges provide a linkage in the formation of the Eurasian transcontinental bridge and ensuring the sustainable development of Kazakhstan. A modern transport and logistics system provides a highly efficient transport network within the country, an increase in cargo traffic in the territory of Kazakhstan, coordination of all modes of transport, development of the local transport infrastructure in the regions and integration of Kazakhstan transport infrastructure into the global transport system. Currently, the logistics sector has accumulated a set of problems. This problem concerns the technical and technological modernization of the transport system, which implies the reequipment of transport fleet and, accordingly, the technical and technological improvement of transport infrastructure. Kazakhstan adopts the experience of foreign countries, which use innovative transport technologies. Innovative technologies allow reducing transport costs and expanding regional cooperation. Kazakhstan has implemented an effective satellite tracking and monitoring system of transport and the latest information technologies. Kazakhstan cooperates with China in the field of transport and logistics, and develops transport and transit infrastructure, which makes it possible to service cargo flows with Europe. According to the Government Program of Development and Integration of Transport System Infrastructure until 2020, Kazakhstan attaches great importance to the development and renewal of rail, road, air, and water transport. Therefore, we propose to implement a set of measures aimed at developing the infrastructure of the transport and logistics complex in Kazakhstan. It is necessary to reequip the transport fleet, improve the technical and technological characteristics of transport infrastructure, develop multimodal transport technologies and improve roadside service. Based on public-private partnership, it is necessary to form a fund that would support the development of the national transport and logistics complex, the growth of transit traffic and the growth of tourism in the country. We propose to develop transit transport, logistics enterprises, logistics centers, warehouses, to implement national standards for logistics services. The United Transport and Logistics Company of Kazakhstan is required to establish a unified platform for transport and logistics services both in Kazakhstan and abroad. Such a company will provide data on transport routes, which will allow a client to choose the fastest route, improve the service of logistic services and shorten the delivery time, cost, safety and stability of cargo.

Post-crisis India’s Merchandise Export Growth: What Has Changed?

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 270-293
Author(s):  
Anirudha Barik
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Product Diversification ◽  
Factor Endowments ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
Jel Code ◽  
The Developed Countries

This article comprehensively examines the growth and pattern of India’s merchandise exports during and following the financial crisis period (2007–08 to 2016–17) using Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics and United Nations Commodity Trade/World Integrated Trade Solution trade data. The entire analysis is based on leading trade indices and indicators and the results confirm that significant change in India’s trading structure is associated with the fast growth of foreign trade. The composition of exports has undergone changes overtime, bearing a strong influence of factor endowments and technology in favour of both human capital intensive and technology intensive sectors. The magnitude of product diversification shows that India’s export basket is poorly diversified but more diversified than BRICS countries except China. India’s export destinations showed a major shift from the developed countries market to the emerging markets in Asia and Africa. However, India holds more increased trade intensity with USA and Hong Kong. Dynamism in labour-intensive manufacturing sector is vital to promote India’s exports of agricultural value-added products and enable more competitive at the world. Also, the development of new markets should be viewed as part of a wider effort to enlarge the India’s foreign trade. JEL Code: F10, F14, F19

scholarly journals Tugas Akhir Administrasi Dan Supervisi Pendidikan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Supratman
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Educational Processes ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Future Plans

The administration of education in Indonesia is very important in education because it can help kelansung education, education is an effort made by individuals or groups of people, which aims to make the life of the nation and state, especially in Indonesia the government seeks to advance existing human resources in order to be able to carry out appropriate educational processes which in the future plans and able to catch up with the developed countries inEurope, the United States, and Asian countries that have been developed, based on education in developed countries, so that making education in Indonesia can benefit the education in developed countries.

scholarly journals SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES FOR SOUTH ASIAN COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 464-474
Author(s):  
Muhammad Reehan Hameed ◽  
Hafsah Batool ◽  
Arman Khan ◽  
Iftakhar Ahmed ◽  
Naeem Ur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Asian Economies ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Developed Countries

Purpose of the study: Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) proposed by the United Nations (UN) in 2015 comprising a universally acceptable worldwide development agenda which each country of the world has to achieve till 2030. The purpose of this study is to examine the socio-economic and political transformational challenges confronted to South Asian Countries (SA) i.e. Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, in achieving the targets of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Methodology: The study uses different statistics of World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Health Organizations (WHO), and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to give a comprehensive picture of South Asian economies and the challenges which they are currently facing for achieving the targets of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In our preliminary analysis, the methodology highlighted the issues of South Asian Countries such as poverty (SDG 1), healthy lives and well-being (SDG 3), inclusive and equitable quality education (SDG 4), sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all (SDG 8)". Principal Findings: The statistics presented regarding South Asian economies exhibit a dismal picture. At present, the attainment of these stipulated goals seems impossible and remains elusive if some serious measures have not been taken. The role of DCs and the world community as a whole is significant in this regard. To save the planet from extreme poverty, hunger, malnutrition, equitable access to modern technology, improved education and health for all human beings, the developed countries should give at least one percent of their GNP in the form of development assistance to poor countries. The study suggests that good governance that could undertake and implement structural reforms is necessary to deal with the challenges confronting to South Asian countries in achieving the targets of these stipulated goals. More importantly, the Developed Countries (DCs) started to implement their strategies to view SDGs' targets. Now it is a dire need that DCs should assist the Under Developed Countries (UDCs) and help them from their experience in identifying the transformational challenges which they possibly have to face in achieving SDGs' targets. Otherwise, it looks impossible for the UDCs to come up with these targets till 2030. Applications of this study: The study highlighted some key challenges that South Asian countries face to achieve the targets of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study outcomes can prove very much helpful for South Asian countries for achieving these targets and devising thriving economic policies generous to attaining their targets till 2030.  Novelty/Originality of this study: This study gives a brief picture of the current position of the South Asian countries where they stand regard to Sustainable Development Goals' targets. Moreover, the results and policy recommendations presented at the end of the study provides help to deal with the challenges that are big hindrances in achieving the targets of these SDGs.

scholarly journals Mercados Financeiros Internacionais: Uma Aplicação da Análise de Componentes Principais em Dados Dependentes

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
Edson Zambon Monte
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Financial Integration ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Subprime Crisis ◽  
Contagion Effect ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Integration Pattern ◽  
Review Period ◽  
The Developed Countries

This study analyzed the analyze the integration pattern (co-movements) of the international financial markets of 25 countries, in the period from 1997 to 2015, by means of the principal component analysis, applied to the residuals of the VAR-GARCH model. The results showed that, in the subprime crisis period, there was a substantial increase of the integration between the countries, in terms of co-movements of the financial indexes (“contagion effect”), especially for the developed countries. During the review period, Asian countries reached the second position with regard to the percentage of explanation of the variability of returns indices and it the growth of China's participation was observed. Even over time, the economic, political and geographical features seem to be crucial in terms of financial integration by countries.

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