scholarly journals A Look at the Perceptions of the Turkish Youth towards Shangai Cooperation Organization from a Marketing Perspective

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burak Kartal ◽  
Çiğdem Sofyalıoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
South American ◽  
Shanghai Cooperation Organization ◽  
Strong Ties ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Turkish People ◽  
Turkish University Students ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Turkish Youth ◽  
Trade Partners

In search of new markets and trade partners after its thrill for European Union has faded, Turkey began to look at its east recently. Having strong ties with many countries in Central Asia due to its cultural and historical ties, Turkey is a bridge between Europe and Asia. Due to its importance and successful historical development, Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is Turkey’s one of few options. In order to build closer trade relations between Turkey and members of the SCO, it’s better to know what Turkish people, especially youth know and think about the Organization. This pioneer empirical study, by examining a sample of Turkish university students’ knowledge and attitude towards SCO, is a first step of building the relations between the Organization and Turkish people and Turkish youth. Findings indicate that Turkish youth examined have positive attitude towards SCO compared to other alternative integrations and organizations. Besides, they think that a stronger SCO will be in favor of Turkey both economically and politically. Also, gender differences seem to exist like women’s tendency towards North American and South American integrations.

Vertical Trade Relationships: The Role of Dependence and Symmetry in Attaining Organizational Goals

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauranne Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Performance Goals ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Strong Ties ◽  
Organizational Goals ◽  
Vertical Trade ◽  
Trade Relationships ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trade Partners

The perspective that dependence on vertical trade partners should be avoided has been countered recently by the view that there are advantages to strong ties between firms. The author offers a framework from which trade partners can assess the potential costs and benefits of trade relationships and empirically investigates the impact of trade relationships on the firm's ability to realize performance goals.

scholarly journals Trump Administration Continues Trade Negotiations with Major Trade Partners

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trade Disputes ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
United States Mexico ◽  
Other Regarding ◽  
Trade Partners ◽  
Trump Administration

In the fall of 2019, the Trump administration reached several trade arrangements, some of them tentative, with important U.S. trade partners. On October 11, 2019, China and the United States announced a preliminary trade deal subject to finalization—one that came after more than a year of escalating tariffs. Just a week earlier, the United States had signed two trade agreements with Japan, one regarding tariff reductions and the other regarding digital trade. None of these deals appear to require subsequent congressional approval in the eyes of the executive branch, unlike the earlier United States-Mexico-Canada-Agreement (USMCA), which was signed in November 2018 and whose fate in Congress appears promising as of mid-December of 2019. In addition to these trade arrangements, the fall of 2019 saw several developments in trade relations between the United States and the European Union tied to the long-running trade disputes.

AN ANALYSIS OF THE EVOLUTION OF ALBANIAN - GREEK TRADE FLOWS

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-182
Author(s):  
Junada Sulillari ◽  
Kostandin Nasto
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Trade Partners

The aim of this study is to realize an analysis of the trade relations between Albania and Greece. Through the study, researchers want to show how trade relations between these countries have changed during the years, and also want to reveal some of the things that dominate these relations. Part of the study will also be the analysis that will help understand the relationship between the trade flows and the Greek GDP. Also, it will be possible to see if these trade flows have experienced any shock during the period taken into consideration. The analysis will be realized by using an econo-metric linear model, and to discover if there has been any shock, the Error Correcting Model will be used. The study proved that Greece is one of the main trade partners of Albania. The volume of the trade flows with Greece represents an important part of the overall trade flows of Albania. Based on the dates analyzed the study revealed that imports composition has changed more in comparison with the exports. The study also revealed that there has been a shock in the trade flows during the period taken into consideration.

scholarly journals Foreign Trade Cooperation Technologies: Prospects and Opportunities (With China and Russia as Examples)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4033-4043
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Trade Partners ◽  
The Silk Road

The article has analyzed the benefits and barriers of creating the Sino-Russian free trade based on the legal documents governing the formation of the Silk Road taking into account features of the economies’ development at the current stage. The main trading partners of the Russian Federation among the far-abroad countries have been identified. The structure of exports-imports of the Russian Federation with the foreign trade partners among the APEC countries has been analyzed, including the structure of the trade between China and Russia, and the volume of bilateral trade between countries. The article has analyzed the state of trade cooperation between Russia and China by industries, and also assessed the competitiveness of the trading environment of the Silk Road countries. The authors have compared the parametric characteristics of Russia and China, and also forecasted the changes in the commodity structure of imports and exports for the Russian-Chinese foreign trade relations.

Relations between Brazil and Spain under the Bolsonaro’s government

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-64
Author(s):  
A. L. Esteves
Keyword(s):  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
South American ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Strong Ties ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
American Partner

In this  article the   author examines in detail the   bilateral relations between Spain and Brazil during  the  presidency of  Jair Bolsonaro. In addition, the subject of this article is the opposition of EU governments to the   environmental  policies of  the   South  American country and the  disastrous policies of the  Brazilian authorities in the  fight  against the    COVID-19   pandemic.   President   Bolsonaro’s   negligence   of climate change  and Amazon deforestation has prompted European governments to openly oppose the  ratification of the  Mercosur – EU Free Trade Agreement, which  was signed in 2019 after 20 years of negotiations. In May  2016, the   parties agreed on  reciprocal terms, resulting in signing  of the  agreement. It also  included the  exchange of goods and services, essential investments and public procurements. All this was done in the  context of a global policy of protectionism amid a weakening role of the  WTO as a supporter of the  trade liberalization process.  Despite its  success,  countries such  as France,  Austria  and the  Netherlands stand against the  Mercosur – EU trade deal, which can halt  its  ratification. The  Spanish government, on  the   contrary, is lobbying for  ratification of  the   agreement. Madrid,  interested in benefiting from the  Bolsonaro government’s liberal economic policies, maintains strong ties  with  its  South  American partner.  The  author analyzes  the   transformation  of  Spain  from   a relatively  irrelevant partner of  Brazil in the   20th century to one of  the   main  investors directing significant resources to the Brazilian economy. We also assess the  results and challenges of the  Brazil – Spain strategic partnership in a broader context of the  Brazil – EU relations.

A convention for international trade (based on Islamic Sufi teachings)

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 522-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijan Bidabad
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Convention ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Short Run ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trade Partners ◽  
Present World ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – This paper aims to propose a procedure to remove international trade barriers globally. Trade is confronting various barriers in the present world, and this is due to the policies of governments to protect interests of their own citizens. Experience shows that trade barriers end up with incurring losses for both sides (traders) in practice, but a look at history of polemics on trade barriers removal in World Trade Organization (WTO) shows that countries are unable to overcome the obstacles they have created. Trade partners understand that removal of counter barriers is advantageous for both parties. In the meantime, being concerned of other party’s response impedes the benefits of free trade for all parties. Design/methodology/approach – This proposition is based upon Islamic Sufism teachings. The propounded principles and goals are in accordance with high understanding of social and economic subtleties of humankind’s life. The authors try to form and formalize Islamic Sufi teachings to establish a base for compiling new international convention that facilitates international trade in all aspects. Findings – To facilitate and promote international trade relations in short run, interested countries may accept a convention to remove all trade barriers among themselves all at once. Research limitations/implications – The proposed convention does not go against General Agreement on Tariff and Trade and WTO, but it is complementary to both. Practical implications – The proposed principles are actually shortcuts to what WTO may access in far futures. Social implications – Islamic Sufism teachings can lead us to solve current international problems. Originality/value – WTO has taken important steps to facilitate international trade. To reach the main goal of trade liberalization of WTO, a shortcut solution is proposed here.

scholarly journals Quantitative dynamics of intra-BRICS trade

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-23
Author(s):  
Mohd Nayyer Rahman ◽  
Zeenat Fatima ◽  
Nida Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Market Size ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Ties ◽  
Trade Partners

The study uses an augmented gravity model to analyse intra-BRICS trade flows and the potential for establishing economic cooperation. It examines trade relations between BRICS with the help of the gravity model of international trade. Panel data from 2000 to 2017 were reviewed for bloc analysis of 20 trade partners. The analysis of the intra-BRICS trade flows is based on the Heckscher-Ohlin model. The results obtained confirm that the intra-BRICS trade relations have a sound positive impact on economic performance in these countries. Market size and economic index have a beneficial effect on the intra-BRICS trade flows. Market size is very elastic to trade, while trade tariffs and taxes within BRICS are manageable. Hence, the intra-BRICS trade has the potential to create strong economic ties within the member countries, and cooperation between the BRICS countries can have a significant influence on the globalisation of the world economy.

scholarly journals Bilateral trade and tourism relations between the EU and BSEC countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Evangelos Siskos ◽  
Konstantia Darvidou
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Custom Union ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Structure Of Trade ◽  
Trade Partners ◽  
The Eu

The European Union and the Black Sea Economics Cooperation countries are geographical neighbors and important trade partners. Greece, Bulgaria and Romania have a cross-membership in both organizations. The paper analyzes trends and structure of trade relations of the EU and BSEC countries. The EU trade with the 12 BSEC countries is about 640 billion dollars. The BSEC countries with the EU membership or a custom union with the EU have more intra-industry trade with the EU than other BSEC countries. International tourism is an important component of the trade in services between the regions. Following the review of the factors of international tourism demand, a gravity model for tourism arrivals is presented. The model considers demand in the country of origin, international tourism capacities in destination countries and distance. The analysis helps to determine under-traded and competitive destinations in the BSEC countries for the EU travelers. Greece is the most efficient in attracting the EU tourists. Finally, country-specific differences in demand factors are considered.

scholarly journals Romania’s foreign trade with the European Union in 2008

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ancuta Stangaciu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Trade Partners ◽  
Statistical Analysis Methods

In this study, I proposed to analyze the spatial concentration of international trade flows between Romania and the European Union both overall and by the sections of the Combined Nomenclature. Using statistical analysis methods such as square and Gini’s index or Onicescu informational energy, I concluded that Romania’s main trade partners are Italy, Germany and France and trade relations with these 3 countries are characterized by exchanges of good to cover, generally a wide range of products.

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