scholarly journals Corruption and Economic Liberty in Central Asian Republics (2001-2008)

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
İlyas Sözen ◽  
Ahmet Alkan Çelik ◽  
Selahattin Sarı
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Free Market Economy ◽  
Bureaucratic Corruption ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Economic Liberty ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Social ◽  
Central Asian Republics

The aim of this study is to examine, in the period between two global economic crises, the progress of economic freedom along with corruptions in Central Asian Republics, integrated into the free market economy according to “the Washington Consensus” since late 1990s. According to exportation of natural sources, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan together with Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan all seemed to have entirely different economic structures. Basic macro economic variables, economic liberty indicators and corruption data covering the period of 2001-2008 are to be discussed. In the light of the outcomes of this study, it is observed that, while the social structure in the countries exporting natural sources is stronger, due to the authoritarian structures of the countries in both groups of countries, bureaucratic corruption increases consistently. As Central Asian Republics are in a state of unsuccessful transition into the market economy, the betterment in legislation does not debug the system called “limbo” (neither planned economy nor free market).

scholarly journals Perceptions Of Corruption In Central Asian Countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Swartz ◽  
Frank Wadsworth ◽  
Jerry Wheat
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Enterprise Performance ◽  
Free Market Economy ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
State Capture ◽  
Central Asian Countries

Property rights are a basic tenant of a free market economy, and when these rights are in jeopardy from crime and corruption,a free market system falters. The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and theWorld Bank have developed a methodology to study transition economies. The Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS II 2002) has gathered on a variety of topics from23 transition economies. This paper uses the BEEPS data to examine the perceptions of Corruption and State Capture in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.

Neoconservative Catholicism in the United States

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Shadle
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Free Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Free Market Economy ◽  
Democratic Capitalism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Human Creativity ◽  
The Us

This chapter looks at neoconservative Catholicism, and in particular the work of Michael Novak. Neoconservative Catholics were critical of both progressive Catholics and the US Catholic bishops for not recognizing the benefits of the free-market economy. In his work, Novak provides a defense of what he calls democratic capitalism, consisting in a free-market economy, democratic political institutions, and a pluralistic culture. Novak offers a Catholic justification of democratic capitalism, appealing to human creativity and the social bonds created through commerce. The chapter also considers criticisms of Novak’s work, looking at issues such as the role of institutions and structures in the economy and the relationship between human creativity and the call to be a disciple of Jesus Christ.

scholarly journals Desocialization of Enterprises: Empowering Venezuelans

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Acevedo ◽  
Luis Cirocco ◽  
Lorca-Susino María
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Free Market ◽  
The State ◽  
General Description ◽  
Free Market Economy ◽  
Economic Elites ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control

One of the fundamental conditions for overcoming the economic disaster in Venezuela and being sure that a new government could not snatch away economic freedom again, is the desocialization of the economy. Following Rothbard (1992), we propose one of the required steps to achieve a real free market economy in a post-socialist Venezuela. In this paper we analyze, based on previous experiences, how to desocialize enterprises in this country, as well as the historical skepticism that socialist politicians, media, and economic elites have created against the capacities of Venezuelans to manage their own property. In addition, we provide a draft of a privatization law that minimizes the presence and control of government in this process, a requirement because of the historical trend of corruption and cronyism of all Venezuela’s governments. Also, we provide a general description of our proposal of distributing among Venezuelans by birth and legal age, all special taxes and royalties that oil enterprises have to pay to governments in such a way as to starve the government and consolidate its fiscal dependence with citizens to strength democracy and liberty. Finally, we conclude that even though it is fundamental, it is not enough just to desocialize enterprises, but also to apply other radical free-market policies oriented to increase the individual liberties and minimize as much as possible the State.

THEORETICAL-METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF RESEARCH ON THE PROBLEMS OF DEMOCRACY IN HISTORICALPHILOSOPHICAL DISCOURSE

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-87
Author(s):  
Yevheniya Ryabeka
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Free Market Economy ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
The Will ◽  
Classical Philosophy

An analysis of the approaches to defining the content and basic parameters of democracy should obviously begin with Aristotle's eminent ancient thinker. Analyzing Aristotle's work, we come to the conclusion that democracy is based on the middle class and a free market economy. A new stage in the understanding of democracy has to do with the achievements of modern-day philosophers. J.-J. Rousseau writes in the paper “On the Social Treaty” that democracy is an instrument of ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens and protecting minorities. Representatives of German classical philosophy made a fundamental contribution to the development of theories of democracy. In particular, in the writings of I. Kant we find the justification of the republican monarchy as a model of democracy in which the monarch obeys the will of the citizens. Ideally, these citizens should ideally be carriers of a disengaged mind, capable of philosophically formulating progressive ideas and demands for incumbent power. J. Fichte substantiated the approach according to which the people should take part in the state processes, and the authorities should ensure the implementation of the people's decisions: according to this approach, the will of the people is given a dominant importance, and the authorities are only trying to implement it. In Hegel's theoretical inheritance, an alternative view of democracy is upheld: the people are interpreted by the philosopher rather as a formless mass, and the fullness of power must belong to the monarch.

Determinanty wewnętrzne polityki zagranicznej Ukrainy pod rządami Wołodymyra Zełenskiego

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-141
Author(s):  
Tomasz Stępniewski
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Political System ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Free Market Economy ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The People ◽  
Internal Politics ◽  
Research Questions

The present paper discusses the following research questions: to what extent did errors made by the previous presidents of Ukraine result in the country’s failure to introduce systemic reforms (e.g. combating corruption, the development of a foundation for a stable state under the rule of law and free-market economy)?; can it be ventured that the lack of radical reforms along with errors in the internal politics of Ukraine under Petro Poroshenko resulted in the president’s failure?; will the strong vote of confidence given to Volodymyr Zelensky and the Servant of the People party exact systemic reforms in Ukraine?; or will Volodymyr Zelensky merely become an element of the oligarchic political system in Ukraine?

KEGAGALAN PRIVATISASI BUMN DI ERA REZIM ORDE BARU DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI POLITIK

Wacana Publik ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syamsul Ma'arif
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Early Years ◽  
New Order ◽  
Free Market Economy ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Role Of The State

After had being carried out nationalization and hostility against west countries, the New Order regime made important decision to change Indonesia economic direction from etatism system to free market economy. A set of policies were taken in order private sector could play major role in economic. However, when another economic sectors were reformed substantially, effords to reform the State Owned Enterprises had failed. The State Owned Enterprise, in fact, remained to play dominant role like early years of guided democracy era. Role of the State Owned Enterprises was more and more powerfull). The main problem of reforms finally lied on reality that vested interest of bureaucrats (civil or military) was so large that could’nt been overcome. 

scholarly journals Związek wolnego rynku z dyktaturą polityczną: przejściowy czy trwały? Przykład Chin

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniela Dylus
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Political Freedom ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Paradigm Change ◽  
Free Market Economy ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Liberal Economy ◽  
Democratic Systems ◽  
Economy System

Aniela Dylus, Związek wolnego rynku z dyktaturą polityczną: przejściowy czy trwały? Przykład Chin [The relation between free market economy and political dictatorship – is it of temporary or permanent nature? The example of China] edited by W. Banach, M.A. Michalski, J. Sójka, „Człowiek i Społeczeństwo” vol. XLVI: Między Chinami a Zachodem. Pytanie o źródła chińskiego sukcesu gospodarczego [Between China and the West. An inquiry into the sources of the Chinese economic miracle], Poznań 2018, pp. 103–119, Adam Mickiewicz University. Faculty of Social Sciences Press. ISSN 0239-3271.The relation between free market economy and democracy has been assumed as a paradigm in the western culture since the Enlightenment. However, this paradigm seems to be violated by markets that flourish under the political dictatorship. Are these markets the exceptions to the rule or maybe their scale does not indicate the necessity of paradigm change? Or maybe we are wrong to assume that capitalism flourish mainly in democratic systems? Is it possible that the relation between communist political dictatorship and liberal economy system is only of temporary nature and people that have economical freedom will demand sooner or later their political freedom? To answer these questions, (1) the paradigm of relationship between free market, its prosperity and democracy and (2) the arguments supporting this relationship have been discussed. Referring to Samuel Huntington’s theory, (3) it has been reminded that many factors, not only economical ones, decide about democratization of political life and some exceptions to this rule have been mentioned. (4) The example of contemporary China is one of the most spectacular example. The short characteristic of (5) its economic condition, (6) its economic system and political dictatorship has been presented and then the attempts have been made to give the arguments either for (7) temporary or (8) permanent relationship between free market and political dictatorship in China. Although the idea of democracy, the rule of law and human rights seems not to be the only alternative base of economical market system, it appears to be prevalent and the only one in a longer period.

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