The rising fear of Wuhan Virus ‘2019-nCoV’

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vengadesh Letchumanan ◽  
Hooi-Leng Ser ◽  
Jodi Woan-Fei Law ◽  
Loh Teng-Hern Tan ◽  
Bey-Hing Goh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Effective Drug ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Infected Person ◽  
New Type ◽  
In The Beginning

The “Wuhan Virus” was first recognized in the beginning of December 2019 and identified as a new type of coronavirus 2019-nCoV. This coronavirus-induced pneumonia originated from Wuhan (China), and has spread across 27 countries, infected 17,488 people and caused 362 deaths, at the this Editorial went to press. The transmission of 2019-nCoV to individuals of different countries is predominantly through close contact with an infected person. The experts around the global raise the concern on the rising number of infected cases and deaths, and increased the effort to produce an effective drug or vaccine for this virus. Several efforts have been done to aid the detection of the virus and treatment of patients: 2019-nCoV detection kits (BGI), and development of two new hospital, and treating patients with combination of antiviral for flu and HIV. In the United States, doctors successfully treated a 2019-nCoV patient with Gilead Sciences drug – remdesivir, however further test need to be done to confirm the effectiveness of these antivirals. Hopefully, the pharmaceutical companies with the team of researchers will be able to discover an effective vaccine to treat coronavirus 2019-nCoV.  

Fake Pharmaceuticals: How They and Relevant Legislation or Lack Thereof Contribute to Consistently High and Increasing Drug Prices

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-542
Author(s):  
Merri C. Moken
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Counterfeit Pharmaceuticals ◽  
New Applications

The use of pharmaceutical products in the United States has increased more than the use of any other health resource from 1960 to 1990. In excess of 9,600 drugs were on the market in 1984, and the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) approves approximately 30 new drugs and countless new applications for alterations of already existing drugs each year. In 2001, the $300 billion pharmaceutical industry sold $154 billion worth of prescription drugs in the United States alone, nearly doubling its $78.9 billion in sales in 1997. With such a rapid increase in market domination and expenditures, the U.S. government and many hospitals have focused their attention on the sales and pricing practices of pharmaceutical companies, as well as other potential factors contributing to these escalating prices. One such cause of the steadily increasing prices of brand name pharmaceuticals is the sale of fake or counterfeit pharmaceuticals (also called “look-alike” drugs).

Neurocysticercosis: Report of Unusual Pediatric Cases

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 974-977
Author(s):  
Julie Kim Stamos ◽  
Anne H. Rowley ◽  
Yoon S. Hahn ◽  
Ellen Gould Chadwick ◽  
Peter M. Schsntz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prolonged Incubation ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Cysticercosis is widely endemic in Latin America, Asia, and Africa. The incidence of cysticercosis has been increasing in the United States during the last decade.1 Although an infection still seen primarily in immigrants, it has been reported in increasing numbers in individuals who have close contact with persons who have resided in endemic areas.2 Only 6 cases of cysticercosis in children born in the United States have been reported; in 3 of these cases, the parents were from or had traveled to an endemic area and Taenia ova were recovered from the stools of the parent(s).1,3-6 Because of the prolonged incubation period, cases are rarely seen in infants and young children.4

Impacts of Social Distancing on Pedestrian Behavior and Risk Perception

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1302-1306
Author(s):  
Kyra B. Phillips ◽  
Kelly N. Byrne ◽  
Branden S. Kolarik ◽  
Audra K. Krake ◽  
Young C. Bui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Pedestrian Behavior ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Over Time

Since COVID-19 transmission accelerated in the United States in March 2020, guidelines have recommended that individuals wear masks and limit close contact by remaining at least six feet away from others, even while outdoors. Such behavior is important to help slow the spread of the global pandemic; however, it may require pedestrians to make critical decisions about entering a roadway in order to avoid others, potentially creating hazardous situations for both themselves and for drivers. In this survey study, we found that while overall patterns of self-reported pedestrian activity remained largely consistent over time, participants indicated increased willingness to enter active roadways when encountering unmasked pedestrians since the COVID-19 pandemic began. Participants also rated the risks of encountering unmasked pedestrians as greater than those associated with entering a street, though the perceived risk of passing an unmasked pedestrian on the sidewalk decreased over time.

Urban electric railway management and operation in Britain and America 1900–14

Urban History ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 22-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Reilly
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Capital Market

The debate about the comparative performance of the British and American economies around the turn of the century has involved most industrial sectors. In the case of the railways, the argument goes back at least to 1887, when a critical analysis of English railway operations compared to those of the United States was published. For British railway companies, the years after 1900 were a particularly difficult time especially in the capital market, and many new investment projects were abandoned, although not solely because of adverse conditions in the capital market. A substantial number of these projects were probably of a marginal nature but the eighteen-year period between 1890 and 1908 also saw the development of a new type of railway – the urban rapid transit system. This was in response to two very different factors – the continuing growth of cities and the application of electric power in a form suitable for railway use. The spread of these systems in Britain paralleled their expansion in the United States.

Five

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-128
Author(s):  
Bruno Maçães
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Mass Medium ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Basic Fact ◽  
Physical Restraints ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
In The Beginning

This chapter details how television became the first modern technology to be entirely shaped by American culture and American ambition, and to take the American way of life to its fullest development. In the beginning, the new medium was literally the product of American power, a peacetime application of wartime technology used against German submarines and the Japanese navy. Later, the connection would seem less obvious, but only at first. As the mass medium of choice during the decades when the United States conquered the planet, television quickly became synonymous with an American future of material and spiritual progress. They were a window into America, but a window displaying the American dream in all its glory, a transplant of the American life energy. Arguably, the internet, mobile technology, Netflix, and binge-watching did not change this basic fact. By liberating content from the physical restraints of the old wartime vacuum tubes, they can only increase its powers and render it, as it were, more spiritual. Ultimately, the internet can be seen as an expansion of television culture.

U.S. Foreign Policy and Religion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Magee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Civil Religion ◽  
The United States ◽  
George Washington ◽  
Religious People ◽  
American Civil Religion ◽  
The World ◽  
Western Nations ◽  
In The Beginning

The United States has been uniquely God-centered among Western nations, and that includes its foreign policy. From George Washington to the present, all presidents and policymakers have had to consider God in varying degrees either for their domestic audience or because they believed in a version of Providential mission in the world. In the beginning, the new United States was filled with religious people whom the founders had to consider in crafting the founding documents. In time, the very idea of the United States became so entwined with the sense of the Divine that American civil religion dominated even the most secular acts of policymakers.

Patterns and Sources of Ticket Splitting in Subpresidential Voting

1992 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 916-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Allen Beck ◽  
Lawrence Baum ◽  
Aage R. Clausen ◽  
Charles E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Divided Government ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Research Traditions ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Individual

The primary source of divided government in the United States is voters who split their ballots between the parties. Yet there has been little comprehensive examination of either patterns or sources of ticket splitting in recent years. Instead, divergent lines of research have emerged, emphasizing such things as voter partisanship, incumbency, and a “new” (young, well-educated, even partisan) kind of ticket splitter; and their focus has been too often restricted to the atypical president–Congress pair. We seek to unify these research traditions in a comprehensive model of split-ticket voting and to test this model across the partisan ballot in a typical election setting-here, the contests for five Ohio state-wide offices in 1990. The model incorporates partisan strength, candidate visibility, and the individual characteristics that distinguish the “new ticket splitters”. The results support our partisan strength and candidate visibility explanations but provide little support for the emergence of a new type of ticket splitter.

Español mexicano y español chicano

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Hidalgo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mexican Spanish ◽  
Southwestern Part ◽  
Language Data ◽  
American Spanish

SUMMARY Mexican Spanish and Chicano Spanish: Fundamental Problems and Proposals The first sections of this article discuss the historical circumstances that intervened in the emergence of Mexican Spanish as an independent variety of Mexican Spanish; it also describes the geographic and social dialects of contemporary Mexican Spanish in the light of the studies carried out or directed by J. M. Lope Blanch. The second part compares the phonological and morphosyntactic phenomena that characterize Mexican and Chicano or Mexican American Spanish, the variety spoken in the southwestern part of the United States. Although the language data presented herein evidence countless similarities between the two varieties, the author assumes that the varíability of Mexican Spanish is greater than that of Chicano Spanish inasmuch as the demographic explosion, the intense internal migration, and the growth of the mass media in Mexico have caused speakers of diverse geographic and social backgrounds to be in close contact. Finally, since Chicano Spanish is very similar to and less varíable than Mexican Spanish, the author proposes a possible language planning based on a Chicano variety with salient Mexican features. RESUMO Meksika hispana lingvo kaj cikana hispana: Fundamentaj problemoj kaj proponoj. La unuaj sekcioj de tiu ci artikolo traktas la historiajn cirkonstancojn, kiuj intervenis en la ekapero de la meksika hispana kiel sendependa varíanto de la duoninsula hispana lingvo. Ĝi ankaǔ priskribas la geografiajn kaj sociajn dialektojn de la nuntempa mek-sika hispana en la kunteksto de la studoj faritaj aǔ direktitaj de J. M. Lope Blanch. La dua parto komparas la fonologiajn kaj morfosintaksajn fenomenojn, kiuj karak-terizas meksikan kaj ĉikanan aǔ meksik-amerikan hispanan lingvon, do tiun varíanton parolatan en la sudokcidenta parto de Usono. Kvankam la lingvaj informoj donataj ĉi tie montras sennombrajn similecojn inter la du varíanto], la aǔtoro supozas, ke la va-riemo de la meksik-hispana estas pli granda ol tiu de la ĉikan-hispana pro tio, ke la demografia eksplodo, la intensa interna migrado kaj la kresko de la amaskomunikiloj en Meksiko metis en proksiman kontakton parolantojn el diversaj fonoj geografiaj kaj sociaj. Fine, ĉar la ĉikan-hispana estas tre simila al la meksik-hispana, kaj malpli va-riema, la aǔtoro proponas eblan lingvoplanan procedon bazitan sur ĉikana varíanto kun evidentaj meksikaj elementoj.

Consular Privileges and Immunities Under the Treaties of Friendship, Commerce and Consular Rights

1927 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-267
Author(s):  
Irvin Stewart
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Senate ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Subject

The reëstablishment of treaty relations with Germany seems to have afforded occasion for a new type of treaty incorporating new principles,restating old ones and generally rearranging the subject-matter considered.Provisions relating to consular privileges and immunities show the influence of this new consideration. The Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Consular Rights with Germany has been followed by similar treaties with Estonia and Hungary. Ratification of a like treaty with Salvador has been advised and consented to by the United States Senate, but the exchange of ratifications has not yet been announced. A consular convention with Cuba follows the corresponding provisions in the treaties of friendship, commerce and consular rights so far as consular privileges and immunities are concerned. As press reports have indicated that similar treaties may be negotiated with other states, it is possible that there may be an extensive redefinition of consular privileges and immunities along the lines of the provisions of the recently published treaties. In the light of this possibility the contents of this part of the treaties are of great importance and an examination of them of present interest. As the Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Consular Rights with Germany was the first of the series,the following discussion is based upon the provisions of that treaty, with attention being given to the more important departures in the later treaties.

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