scholarly journals Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA): examination method of hearing in the youngest children

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Petra Šestáková ◽  
Radan Havlík
Keyword(s):  
Visual Reinforcement ◽  
Examination Method

Novel Research on Ayurveda’s Standard Examination Method : Aaturaparijnana Hetu

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupesh Wadher
Keyword(s):  
Residual Strength ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Examination Method ◽  
Present Concept

Examination of ongoing pathology in patient’s body is quite essential for a physician to calculate the estimation the dose of drug. But examination method mentioned in Ayurveda is incomplete without using the present concept of Aturaparijnana Hetu. With the help of Aturaparijnana Hetu the traditional methods of person understanding (the Dashavidha Pariksha) become more accurate and powerful. Aturaparijnaana Hetu gives standard of a person. In this way, examination method acquires the foundation; designed for grading. In short, person’s residual strength can be documented. These article is intended to highlight the research work through survey study that how can a group is identify by their respective Desha and their role in Dashavidha Pariksha. Dehabala and Doshabala are assessing by this methods.

Measuring Mobility of the Metacarpophalangeal Joints II, III, IV, and V in the Dorso-Volar Plane

1984 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Wagner ◽  
D Drescher
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Interrater Agreement ◽  
Range Of Movement ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Examination Method ◽  
Total Range ◽  
Flexion And Extension

An electronic gravity goniometer was developed for determining the passive range of movement of the MCP joints II, III, IV, and V in the dorso-volar plane by the use of preset torques. Test–retest measurements on 23 healthy subjects between the ages of 18 and 57 demonstrated high intrarater and interrater agreement for determining the total range. In the determination of the amounts of flexion and extension the measurement of the flexion was less reliable. There was overall evidence of a declining tendency of reliability from MCP joint II to MCP joint V, probably caused by different reactions of the joints to repeated measurements. The higher total range of the MCP joints in women was principally caused by a higher range of extension. In the case of men and women the range of MCP joint V was noticeably greater than that of the other three joints. The mobility of the four MCP joints correlates relatively closely as a whole, however, in the case of the non-adjacent joints less closely than with the adjacent joints. Reliability and validity of the examination method were balanced against one another with regard to testing of the biomechanical pre-conditions for manual dexterity.

The epidemiology of psychiatrist-ascertained depression and DSM-III depressive disorders Results from the Eastern Baltimore Mental Health Survey Clinical

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Romanoski ◽  
M. F. Folstein ◽  
G. Nestadt ◽  
R. Chahal ◽  
A. Merchant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Adverse Life Events ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Symptom Profiles ◽  
Examination Method ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
History Of

SynopsisPsychiatrists used a semi-structured Standardized Psychiatric Examination method to examine 810 adults drawn from a probability sample of eastern Baltimore residents in 1981. Of the population, 5·9% was found to be significantly depressed. DSM-III major depression (MD) had a prevalence of 1·1% and ‘non-major depression’ (nMD), our collective term for the other depressive disorder categories in DSM-III, had a prevalence of 3·4%. The two types of depression differed by sex ratio, age-specific prevalence, symptom severity, symptom profiles, and family history of suicide. Analyses using a multiple logistic regression model discerned that both types of depression were influenced by adverse life events, and that nMD was influenced strongly by gender, marital status, and lack of employment outside the home. Neither type of depression was influenced by income, education, or race. This study validates the concept of major depression as a clinical entity. Future studies of the aetiology, mechanism, and treatment of depression should distinguish between these two types of depression.

A Comparison of Video Versus Conventional Visual Reinforcement in 7- to 16-Month-Old Infants

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristy J. Lowery ◽  
Deborah von Hapsburg ◽  
Erin L. Plyler ◽  
Patti Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Visual Reinforcement

scholarly journals Robots Can Train Humans Using Principles of Operant Conditioning Through Visual Reinforcement Tools

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Kieson ◽  
Harshal Maske ◽  
Charles I. Abramson ◽  
Girish Chowdhary ◽  
Christopher Crick
Keyword(s):  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Comparative Psychology ◽  
Guidance System ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Visual Reinforcement ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
Basic Task ◽  
End Times

Researchers have established new techniques to study human-robot interactions based on current knowledge in interspecies communication and comparative psychology. Studies on animal acceptance of robot conspecifics in complex social environments has led to the development of robots that adapt to animal and human behaviors. Using a robot with adaptable algorithms developed by the authors, the researchers hypothesized that, by using familiar visual rewards as positive reinforcement, robots could use operant conditioning principles to teach humans a basic task. The robot in this study independently determines optimal control of construction equipment by capturing the motions from an expert operator. The robot then attempts to teach those same skills to novice operators using familiar, yet simple, visual reinforcement tools. In this study, participants were asked to manipulate a model excavator using feedback from the guidance system on a nearby computer screen. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: simple visual reinforcement, complex guidance, and no visual feedback (blank screen). To measure learning, participants returned a day later to repeat the task without the guidance. The group using simple feedback resulted in cycle times that were closer to the expert times than both the complex or control groups and were significantly different end times (p < .05) than either group. This result supports our hypothesis that, similar to what’s been found in vertebrates and invertebrates, robots can shape behaviors of humans using visual positive reinforcement.

A Classical Conditioning Procedure for the Hearing Assessment of Multiply Handicapped Persons

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio E. Lancioni ◽  
Frans Coninx ◽  
Paul M. Smeets
Keyword(s):  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Unconditioned Stimulus ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Conditioning Procedure ◽  
Handicapped Children ◽  
Visual Reinforcement ◽  
Classical Procedure ◽  
Hearing Assessment ◽  
Classical Conditioning Procedure

The present study evaluated the viability of a classical conditioning procedure with an air puff as unconditioned stimulus for the hearing assessment of multiply handicapped children and adolescents. All subjects were also exposed to operant conditioning, which consisted of a modified visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) procedure or involved edible reinforcement contingent on a reaching response (for blind subjects). The findings indicate that the classical conditioning procedure was successful with 21 of the 23 subjects, whereas operant conditioning succeeded with 15 of the subjects. Thresholds obtained with classical conditioning were mostly equal to or within 10 dB of those obtained with operant conditioning and also matched previously available hearing estimates. These findings seem to suggest that the classical procedure can be a useful behavioral alternative for audiological assessment.

scholarly journals Measuring Sound-Processor Thresholds for Pediatric Cochlear Implant Recipients Using Visual Reinforcement Audiometry via Telepractice

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 2115-2125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Hughes ◽  
Jenny L. Goehring ◽  
Joshua D. Sevier ◽  
Sangsook Choi
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Test Session ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Visual Reinforcement ◽  
Behavioral Thresholds ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Caregiver Questionnaire

Purpose The goal of this study was to test the feasibility of using telepractice for measuring behavioral thresholds (T levels) in young children with cochlear implants (CIs) using visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA). Specifically, we examined whether there were significant differences in T levels, test time, or measurement success rate between in-person and remote test conditions. Method Data were collected for 17 children, aged 1.1–3.4 years. A within-subject AB-BA (A, in-person; B, remote) study design was used, with data collection typically occurring over 2 visits. T levels were measured during each test session using VRA for one basal, middle, and apical electrode. Two additional outcome measures included test time and response success rate, the latter of which was calculated as the ratio of the number of electrode thresholds successfully measured versus attempted. All 3 outcome measures were compared between the in-person and remote sessions. Last, a parent/caregiver questionnaire was administered at the end of the study to evaluate subjective aspects of remote versus traditional CI programming. Results Results showed no significant difference in T levels between in-person and remote test conditions. There were also no significant differences in test time or measurement success rate between the two conditions. The questionnaires indicated that 82% of parents or caregivers would use telepractice for routine CI programming visits some or all of the time if the option was available. Conclusion Results from this study suggest that telepractice can be used successfully to set T levels for young children with CIs using VRA.

Huligānisms vēsturiskā skatījumā

2021 ◽  
pp. 289-299
Author(s):  
Jana Zīle
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Examination Method ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Public Recreation

One of the oldest and most dangerous criminal offences is hooliganism, i.e. an unlawful offence with intention to violate a public order, disrupt the peace of inhabitants or create a disorder. Disturbers of public recreation, as well as those who commit offences against other people are often referred to as hooligans in social life. Today, hooliganism is still considered as one of the most common types of criminal offences, although the number of these offences tend to decrease. Considering the legal issues related to hooliganism as important and topical, I have chosen this subject for this article. The publication will deal with the following issues: the criminal judicial understanding of the concept ‘hooliganism’; the types of hooliganism – petty hooliganism as an administrative violation, criminally punishable hooliganism; as well as the prevention of hooliganism – general and special. The methodological basis of the research is composed of a dialectic method of scientific examination, method of general theoretical analysis (analysis, synthesis, abstraction, induction, deduction) and individual scientific (special) methods such as historical, comparative analysis.

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