scholarly journals Pediatric Brain Tumors Diagnosis and Treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 315-352
Author(s):  
Elena Locci ◽  
Silvia Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Keywords Cancer ◽  
Pediatric Brain ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Cancer In Children

Meduloblastoma is a rare but devastating brain cancer in children. The cancer can spread through the spinal fluid and deposit elsewhere in the brain or spine. Radiation therapy to the whole brain and spine, followed by an extra dose of radiation to the back of the brain, prevented this spread and became the standard of care. However, radiation used to treat such tumors causes damage to the brain and impairs cognitive function. It affects, especially in young patients whose brains are growing. Keywords: Cancer; Cells; Tissues, Tumors; Prevention, Prognosis; Diagnosis; Imaging; Screening; Treatment; Management

scholarly journals Radiation Therapy to the Whole Brain and Spine, Followed by an Extra Dose of Radiation to the Back of the Brain

2021 ◽  
pp. 301-341
Author(s):  
Ricardo Gobato ◽  
Abhijit Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Keywords Cancer ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Cancer In Children

Medulloblastoma is a rare but devastating brain cancer in children. The cancer can spread through the spinal fluid and deposit elsewhere in the brain or spine. Radiation therapy to the whole brain and spine, followed by an extra dose of radiation to the back of the brain, prevented this spread and became the standard of care. However, radiation used to treat such tumors causes damage to the brain and impairs cognitive function. It affects, especially in young patients whose brains are growing. Keywords: Cancer; Cells; Tissues; Tumors; Prevention; Prognosis; Diagnosis; Imaging; Screening, Treatment; Management

Pathologically Proven Cavernous Angiomas of the Brain following Radiation Therapy for Pediatric Brain Tumors

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Baumgartner ◽  
Joann L. Ater ◽  
Chul S. Ha ◽  
John F. Kuttesch ◽  
Norman E. Leeds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Cavernous Angiomas ◽  
Pediatric Brain ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals RONC-19. TWO CASES OF RE-IRRADIATION FOR LATE RECURRENT OR RADIATION-INDUCED TUMOR AFTER RADIATION THERAPY FOR PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii459-iii459
Author(s):  
Takashi Mori ◽  
Shigeru Yamaguchi ◽  
Rikiya Onimaru ◽  
Takayuki Hashimoto ◽  
Hidefumi Aoyama
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy ◽  
Late Recurrence ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Suprasellar Region ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Pediatric Brain

Abstract BACKGROUND As the outcome of pediatric brain tumors improves, late recurrence and radiation-induced tumor cases are more likely to occur, and the number of cases requiring re-irradiation is expected to increase. Here we report two cases performed intracranial re-irradiation after radiotherapy for pediatric brain tumors. CASE 1: 21-year-old male. He was diagnosed with craniopharyngioma at eight years old and underwent a tumor resection. At 10 years old, the local recurrence of suprasellar region was treated with 50.4 Gy/28 fr of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT). After that, other recurrent lesions appeared in the left cerebellopontine angle, and he received surgery three times. The tumor was gross totally resected and re-irradiation with 40 Gy/20 fr of SRT was performed. We have found no recurrence or late effects during the one year follow-up. CASE 2: 15-year-old female. At three years old, she received 18 Gy/10 fr of craniospinal irradiation and 36 Gy/20 fr of boost to the posterior fossa as postoperative irradiation for anaplastic ependymoma and cured. However, a anaplastic meningioma appeared on the left side of the skull base at the age of 15, and 50 Gy/25 fr of postoperative intensity-modulated radiation therapy was performed. Two years later, another meningioma developed in the right cerebellar tent, and 54 Gy/27 fr of SRT was performed. Thirty-three months after re-irradiation, MRI showed a slight increase of the lesion, but no late toxicities are observed. CONCLUSION The follow-up periods are short, however intracranial re-irradiation after radiotherapy for pediatric brain tumors were feasible and effective.

IQ change within three years of radiation therapy in pediatric brain tumor patients treated with proton beam radiation therapy versus photon radiation therapy.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10009-10009
Author(s):  
Lisa Kahalley ◽  
M. Fatih Okcu ◽  
M. Douglas Ris ◽  
David Grosshans ◽  
Arnold Paulino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumor ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Proton Beam Radiation ◽  
Iq Scores ◽  
Pediatric Brain ◽  
Proton Beam Radiation Therapy

10009 Background: Radiation therapy (RT), an essential treatment for pediatric brain tumors, increases the risk of cognitive impairment. Advanced RT techniques reduce the volume of normal tissues receiving radiation dose. Proton beam radiation therapy (PBRT) minimizes irradiation to surrounding healthy brain tissue, with the potential to preserve cognitive function better than photon radiotherapy (XRT). We examined change in IQ over time between patients treated for pediatric brain tumors with PBRT versus XRT. Methods: IQ scores obtained in the first 3 years post-RT were abstracted for pediatric brain tumor patients treated with PBRT or XRT. Results: Baseline and follow-up IQ scores were available for 53 survivors (31 PBRT, 22 CRT). A linear regression model predicted follow-up IQ scores controlling for baseline IQ, age-at-RT, time-since-RT, and craniospinal irradiation (CSI), F(7,45)=23.4, p<.001. Follow-up IQ scores were significantly lower in the XRT group compared to the PBRT group (p<.05). The XRT group lost 10.3 IQ points on average with each additional year post-RT (p<.01), while the PBRT group remained stable, losing only 0.1 points per year on average (p<.05). CSI was associated with IQ decline in both groups (p<.05), while age-at-RT was not in either group (p=.154). Total RT dose was not associated with IQ with the above variables in the model. Conclusions: Findings suggest significant cognitive risk is associated with XRT, with IQ scores declining by more than half a standard deviation with each additional year post-RT. In contrast, IQ remained stable in the PBRT group. Preliminary findings suggest that PBRT may spare cognitive functioning in the first 3 years post-RT. Future research should replicate these findings with a larger sample and should study longer-term cognitive outcomes in patients treated with PBRT versus XRT. [Table: see text]

Proton versus photon radiotherapy for common pediatric brain tumors: Comparison of models of dose characteristics and their relationship to cognitive function

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Merchant ◽  
Chia-ho Hua ◽  
Hemant Shukla ◽  
Xiaofei Ying ◽  
Simeon Nill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Pediatric Brain ◽  
Photon Radiotherapy

Management and Surveillance of Short- and Long-Term Sequelae of Radiation Therapy for the Treatment of Pediatric Brain Tumors

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (06) ◽  
pp. 307-312
Author(s):  
Fred Chiu-Lai Lam ◽  
Ekkehard M Kasper ◽  
Anand Mahadevan
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Special Edition ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Transition Into Adulthood ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Pediatric Brain

AbstractRadiation therapy (RT) is a mainstay for the treatment of pediatric brain tumors. As improvements in and sophistication of this modality continue to increase the survival of patients, the long-term sequelae of RT pose significant challenges in the clinical management of this patient population as they transition into adulthood. In this special edition, we review the short- and long-term effects of RT for the treatment of pediatric brain tumors and the necessary surveillance required for follow-up.

scholarly journals Cognitive function, cerebral microbleeds, radiotherapy, and bevacizumab in survivors of pediatric brain tumors

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
João Passos ◽  
Hipólito Nzwalo ◽  
Joana Marques ◽  
Ana Azevedo ◽  
Sofia Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Cerebral Microbleeds ◽  
Pediatric Brain
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