scholarly journals Narrative and Polemic Aspects of Epistolary Communication in Ukraine of the Late 16th – Early 17th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-289
Author(s):  
Nataliya Poplavska ◽  
Inna Poplavska ◽  
Nataliia Lisniak
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
Private Correspondence ◽  
The Status ◽  
Western European ◽  
Epistolary Texts ◽  
Special Category

The article analyses epistles as a form of communication in the framework of Ukrainian publicism in the late 16th – early 17th century, which is characterized by the interaction of various polemical forms of expression and their influence on the recipient. It is noted that epistolary texts were among the most popular forms at that time, and their role was strengthened with the proclamation of the Union of Brest (1596). Being able to promptly convey information, along with the development of methods for active polemicization, they came to be established as a means of communication, so epistolary works provided the opportunity to express ideas and, through various forms, convey information about important social and political problems to the addressees (listeners, recipients). Due to this feature, they increased the author’s influence on the readers. Private correspondence, which had the status of political documents at that time, is distinguished as a special category as it mainly expressed the viewpoints of representatives of different religious denominations. The exchange of letters between the persons involved in the Brest Union intensified considerably. It is emphasized that because of certain genre features epistolary works of that time could be viewed as open letters/epistles. Such a genre form was also popular in Western European Protestant publicism of the 17thcentury. The article considers the narrative and polemical aspects of epistolary texts, using examples from correspondence by Ipatii Potii, Kliryk Ostrozkyi and Ivan Vyshenskyi. 

THE HOUSE OF SCHOLARSHIP, THE SEEDS OF KNOWLEDGE, THE TREASURY OF SCIENCE: RHETORICAL IMAGERY AND SOCIAL METAPHORS OF 13TH AND 14TH CENTURIES WESTERN EUROPEAN ACADEMIC COMMUNITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-34
Author(s):  
Alexandr Rusanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Academic Communities ◽  
University Communities ◽  
The Status ◽  
Western European ◽  
Ars Dictaminis ◽  
Legal Concepts

The article scrutinizes the ideas about the academic communities typical for the Latin world of the 13th and 14th centuries. It focuses on the ‘metaphorical vocabulary’ of academic corporations that was formed at that time within the framework of the Ars Dictaminis and was widely used to substantiate the status of university communities. These metaphors significantly supplemented the vague legal concepts that described academic communities (studium/studium generale, universitas). The most widespread metaphors of higher education institutions included such images as house of scholarship, seeds of knowledge, and treasure. All of them had deep roots in the Holy Scripture, but became widespread thanks to ‘exemplary’ texts included in rhetorical manuals and summae. With their help, social reality was interpreted within the framework of rhetoric as an epistemic system, often overlapping with the spheres of law and theology. The paper considers these metaphors in the context of their distribution, within the networks of local political and cultural ties drawing on cases of two Iberian universities – those of Lisbon (founded between 1288 and 1290) and Lleida (founded in 1300).

Navigation and the Schools: I.

1976 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-402
Author(s):  
E. W. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Marine Insurance ◽  
Shipping Company ◽  
Force And Motion ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject

On 29 October 1969, taking the chair at a Duke of Edinburgh Lecture, the great educator Lord Butler commented, ‘…in my view, it would do a great deal of good if navigation could be considered an educational subject’. Indeed, we know that by 1700 the discipline was being taught in ordinary schools in this country, and it is perhaps worth repeating Isaac Newton's remarks on the Christ's Hospital syllabus: ‘he that is able to argue nimbly and judiciously about figure, force and motion is never at rest until he gets over every rub’.The inclusion of navigation in the curricula of schools during the 17th century was for financial rather than for educative reasons. In those days, the master of a ship was responsible for its navigation and invariably had a stake in the marine enterprise. Thus he might make a small fortune in a single voyage. By 1800, the introduction of the limited liability shipping company and the growth of marine insurance were beginning to relegate the captain to the status of a hired servant paid the minimum wage. Navigation rapidly disappeared from ordinary schools and was taught only in the specialized nautical establishments. Nevertheless, it is worth noting that today, the mariner, the submariner, the pilot and the astronaut have restored to the subject its original lustre and the yachting explosion has given the discipline a wide appeal.

scholarly journals Afrikaans: a language where ideology and linguistics meet

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 15-92
Author(s):  
Camiel Hamans
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Cape Of Good Hope ◽  
The Status ◽  
Ideological Background ◽  
And Linguistics

This paper summarizes the discussion about the origin and the status of Afrikaans. Two schools appear to be opposed to each other: the philological school and a creolistic view. The philological school tried to demonstrate with meticulous research of sources that Afrikaans is a full daughter of 17th century Dutch, which set foot ashore with van Riebeeck in 1652 at the Cape of Good Hope. Linguists who thought of a pattern of creolization in the formation of Afrikaans point to the influence of the languages of slaves brought to South Africa and to the influence of the original inhabitants, the Khoi and the San. This contribution mainly outlines the ideological background of these two schools of thought. For the philological school this is the system of Apartheid, while for the Creolist view the emphasis is more on decolonization.

Improvisation: Music for an Occasion

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddie Prévost
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
World Music ◽  
General Survey ◽  
European Culture ◽  
The Status ◽  
Western European ◽  
Communicative Power ◽  
The Impact

The case is put for improvisation as the basis for world music, with special reference to flexibility of the blues and the gamelan. An overview of the impact of society on music leads to a general survey of the status of improvisation in pre-industrial Western European culture. Improvisation is contrasted with composition and consideration is given to the problems of providing education in improvisation without destroying its vitality and communicative power.

French adverbial cleft sentences

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 86-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Maria De Cesare
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Controversial Issue ◽  
The Status ◽  
Functional Point ◽  
Discourse Frequency ◽  
General Semantic ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Special Category

Abstract The goal of this contribution is to deepen our knowledge of French cleft sentences through the study of a special category of clefts called adverbial clefts. The issues that we will address concern their form, discourse frequency and boundaries with resembling structures. In order to shed light on these issues, we start by defining the concept of adverbial from a morphosyntactic and functional point of view. We then present a corpus-based description of the categories of adverbials that can be cleaved. Finally, we propose a general semantic principle capable of describing and explaining, in a coherent and unitary way, both the data obtained in our empirical study and found in the form of constructed examples in the existing literature. In addition to explaining why certain adverbials can be cleaved while others cannot, this principle also allows for a distinction to be made between two syntactic realizations of the structure ‘c’est Adv que p’, as well as for a solution to the controversial issue of the status of domain adverbials.

Epistemological eclecticism: Difference and the ‘Other’ in the Balkans and beyond

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Čarna Brković
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
The Status ◽  
Background Assumption ◽  
Western European ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century

This article's concern is epistemological in that it seeks understanding of the nature of ethnographic knowledge production. Its background assumption is that decolonization of anthropology requires decolonization of anthropological epistemology. The article argues that anthropology is not so much a study of the ‘Other’, but an effort to acquire knowledge by translating across some sort of socio-historically established difference. Anthropologists do not acquire knowledge necessarily by translating between modern, Western European, and non-modern, ‘Other’ conceptual arrangements. Instead, the anthropological production of knowledge requires an effort to figure out the relevant differences and similarities between an anthropologist, their interlocutors, and their audiences, as well as a translation across these differences and similarities. In order to demonstrate this point, the article focuses on 19th- and 20th-century ethnographic discussions of rural joint families called zadruga in the Balkans. Through a critical reading of two works on zadruga, it demonstrates that anthropologists in the Balkans were epistemologically eclectic, in that they could make use of strategies of both ‘anthropology abroad’ and ‘auto-anthropology’, or combine and reverse them. While this instance of epistemological eclecticism is the result of widespread uncertainties concerning the status of the ‘modern’ and the ‘non-modern’ as organizational categories in the Balkans, it has direct implications for the production of anthropological knowledge generally.

scholarly journals Western European climate, and Pinot noir grape harvest dates in Burgundy, France, since the 17th century

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
YM Tourre ◽  
D Rousseau ◽  
L Jarlan ◽  
E Le Roy Ladurie ◽  
V Daux
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
European Climate ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Western European

scholarly journals Obraz kobiety w twórczości Anandy Devi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Szkonter-Bochniak
Keyword(s):  
Artistic Expression ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Postcolonial Feminism ◽  
Modern Writer ◽  
Patriarchal Society ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Western European ◽  
Place And Identity ◽  
Status Of Women

Ananda Devi, an accomplished modern writer from Mauritius, creates texts that are difficult to classify according to their style and genre. The author is reluctant to accept the treatment of her writings as feminist, particularly Western European feminist, they are surely closer to postcolonial feminism and eco-feminism. Nevertheless, the status of women, their rights and tolerance for otherness are the key elements of Devi’s artistic expression. Her characters rebel against the patriarchal society, they endeavour to discover their own place and identity, which frequently means regaining control over their bodies in the first stage of the transformation. Devi’s female characters live close to nature, where they find comfort, some of them go through a regress to the world of animals and plants.

scholarly journals "Monarchists" and "Republicans" in the Western European Political and Legal Thought of the 17th Century

Lex Russica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-150
Author(s):  
I. V. Galkin
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western European ◽  
Revolutionary Situation

The paper is devoted to the problem of theoretical approaches to monarchical and republican forms of government that were reflected in the works of representatives of Western European political thought of the 17th century. The seventeenth century is the century that opens the period of Modern Times. It was a turning point not only in the history of Western European civilization, but also in the history of philosophical knowledge and "positive" sciences, including in such a specific field as political thought, which developed at the intersection of philosophy and science. The political theory of the period, was able to rise to the realization of the objective of the imperfection of existing political institutions and give its recommendations for addressing the identified deficiencies, as far as it was possible in terms of initial imperfections is given to us in sensations of the world. The political thought of the historical period under consideration showed a lively theoretical polemic between the supporters of the monarchical and republican forms of government. The revolutionary situation developed in some of the advanced European states during the alarming seventeenth century made it possible to understand the advantages or disadvantages of the existing forms of government. It seems quite natural that the formation of the theoretical views of specific political thinkers or jurists was formed under the influence of the dominant ideology (or competing ideologies) of that time. Moreover, it should be noted that the monarchist or republican views of specific authors are not always theoretically well-reasoned, but are often based on the subjective preferences of thinkers. Thus, this paper highlights a rather ambiguous problem of the features of monarchical and republican forms of government in the political thought of the 17th century.

THE EVOLUTION OF THE POLITICAL STATUS OF THE KALMYK KHANA IN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
ALEXANDER V. TSYURUMOV ◽  
◽  
ANDREY A. KURAPOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Autonomy ◽  
Political Status ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article is devoted to the study of one of the most important problems of modern historical science - the history of the formation of the Russian multinational state. Special attention is paid to the comparative analysis of the state and political statuses of the national autonomies of Russia - the Kalmyk Khanate and the Hetman's Ukraine. The statehood of the Kalmyk nomads arose after their entry into the Russian state in the first half of the 17th century. It is shown that the nature of the Russian-Kalmyk relations during this period makes it possible to define them as a protectorate of Russia over the Kalmyk uluses. The article examines the formation of the Russian-Kalmyk interaction, the evolution of the status, territorial framework and geopolitical position of the Kalmyk Khanate. At the beginning of the second quarter of the 18th century. After the Kazakhs of the Younger Zhuz migrated to Emba, the Kalmyk lands partially lost their border status and began to increasingly resemble the inner territory of the Russian Empire. A gradual transformation of political autonomy into administrative one begins. The article describes the main features of the autonomy of the Kalmyk Khanate in the period of the 17th - early 18th centuries: the preservation of the traditional administrative structure, the concentration of administrative, judicial, legislative and fiscal power in the hands of the secular elite, the inheritance of the supreme power in the Torgout dynasty. The paper determines that the new geopolitical status of the Kalmyk Khanate after the second quarter of the 17th century also changed the state policy in relation to it - the system of government of the khanate was unified, political independence was eliminated, the khanate was being integrated into the general imperial administrative and political system. The restrictive policy of Russia in relation to the Kalmyk Khanate, the government's interference in the hereditary question contributed to the beginning of the political fragmentation of the Khanate in the second half of the 20s - the first half of the 30s of the 18th century, political crises of the second half of the 18th century, and the crisis of 1771. The material presented in the article makes it possible to highlight general patterns in the political status of the Kalmyk Khanate and Ukraine in the 17-18th centuries.

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