scholarly journals TABLIGHI MOVEMENT OF 20TH CENTURY: SIX PRINCIPLES

Author(s):  
Rameez Ahmad Lone

Tablighi Jamaat is one of the most prominent and most widespread Islamic missionary movements of 20th century Islam. It’s active today almost in every country wherever Muslims live. The organization is said to be having a presence in between 150 to 200 countries, with its estimated adherents numbering between twelve million to one hundred fifty million, the majority of which are living in South Asia. It primarily focuses on making Muslims better and purer Muslims. When they visit a village or any place, they invite local people to assemble in a mosque and present their message in the form of six principles. These six principles are commonly called “chai baati’’ (six talks) in Tablighi circles. These six principles are: Kalimah ‘Article of Faith’, Salah ‘Prayers’, Ilm and Zikr ‘Knowledge and Remembrance of God’, Ikraam-i-Muslim ‘Respect for Muslim’, Ikhlas-e-Niyyat, ‘Sincerity of Intention’ and Tafrigh-i-waqt ‘Sparing of time in tabligh (preaching)’. These six principles are fundamental to the teachings of ‘Tablighi Jamaat’ and represent the basic ideological structure of the Tablighi Movement. KEY WORDS: Tablighi Jamaat, Six Principles, Preaching, Muslims.

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Inna Alimovna Khatipova ◽  

The present article examines pieces for piano written by Moldavian composers Ștefan and Gheorghe Neaga. Created in the 1930s and 1950s, they are representative examples of the genre of miniature in the national music of the 20th century. The pieces share a number of common traits: they have a solid national basis, are rooted in the genres of Moldavian folklore and are characterized by simplicity of the musical language and convincing compositional and dramaturgic developments. Figurative-emotional and intonational brightness of these miniatures, which were written at a high professional level, determined their viability and their ample potential for being included in the pedagogical repertoire. Key words: Ștefan Neaga, Gheorghe Neaga, piece for piano, pedagogic repertoire, Moldavian folklore, piano texture.


2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 11979-12012 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Tao ◽  
H. Tian ◽  
G. Chen ◽  
W. Ren ◽  
C. Lu ◽  
...  

Abstract. A process-based ecosystem model, the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM), was applied to evaluate the effects of cropland expansion on terrestrial carbon fluxes and pools in South and Southeast Asia in the 20th century. The results indicated that cropland expansion in both regions has resulted in a release of 18.26 Pg C into the atmosphere in the study period. Of this amount, approximately 23 % (4.19 Pg C) was released from South Asia and 77 % (14.07 Pg C) from Southeast Asia. More land area was converted to cropland but less carbon was emitted in South Asia than in Southeast Asia, where forest biomass and soil carbon are significantly higher. Carbon losses in vegetation, soil organic matter, and litter carbon pools accounted for 15.09, 2.01, and 1.60 Pg C, respectively. Significant decreases in vegetation carbon occurred across most regions of Southeast Asia due to continuous cropland expansion and depletion of natural forests. Our study also indicated that it is important to take into account the land use legacy effect when evaluating the contemporary carbon balance in terrestrial ecosystems.


2013 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 505-511
Author(s):  
Ning Li ◽  
Zhi Kai Wu ◽  
Chao Jian ◽  
Wan Qian Zhao ◽  
Jia Zhen Yan

During the 20th century, both dental materials and dental technologies for the fabrication of dental prosthesis progressed remarkably. Owing to the increased demand of safety and aesthetics, 3 mol% yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline has been recently introduced in prosthetic dentistry for the fabrication of crowns and fixed partial dentures, in combination with CAD/CAM technique. This greatly changed the conventional dental laboratory work which is labor-intensive and experience-dependent. This review mainly introduced the state of dental zirconia and the application of CAD/CAM technology in dentistry. Key words: Dental Zirconia; CAD/CAM Technique; Mechanical Properties; Transformation Toughing; Low Temperature Aging;


2009 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Messerschmidt

‘Risk' is a major point of focus in the literature on resettlement and reconstruction associated with the impacts of major infrastructure development on project affected individuals and families. Previous approaches to risk appear to emphasize the negative consequences of development, and it is no wonder then that project affected people often emphatically resist development and change. This paper proposes that a more pro-active, positive opportunities and benefits approach be taken in dealing with resettlement and reconstruction associated with large scale infrastructure projects. The discussion is focused on the eight ‘risk factors' (or ‘opportunity factors'?) listed in the well known ‘Impoverishment Risk and Reconstruction' (IRR) Model. Three more such factors are added to the list based on field experience in South Asia. The point is that by emphasizing the potential opportunities and benefits, project affected people are more likely to be supportive of projects that may disrupt their lives. Key words: Resettlement, opportunities, risk, IRR model, South Asia, infrastructure development  doi: 10.3126/hn.v3i0.1912 Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Issue No. 3, January, 2008 Page 9-15


2003 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 214-251
Author(s):  
Cosima Bruno

The key words provided in the title – “ethnography,” “translation” and “intertextual travel” – as well as various combinations of these terms, explain the contents of this book, which sets out two main aims: to give an exposition of Orientalist cultural work in 20th-century American letters; and to consider this cultural work from a textual point of view.


2018 ◽  
pp. 86-103
Author(s):  
Iryna Smouchtchynska

Le but principal de cet article est de montrer les principaux problèmes de la lexicologie moderne aussi que d’améliorer l’enseignement de la lexicologie comme cours universitaire en tenant compte de nouvelles théories apparues à la fin du XXe siècle. L’enseignement moderne exige l’introduction de nouveaux termes comme éponymie, énantiosémie, méronymie, etc., et la révision des théories et des thèmes dits classiques comme polysémie, évolution sémantique, formation du mot, emprunt.  L’auteur se propose de montrer le développement des théories et des approches lexicales au cours des XXe et XXIe siècles. On estime qu’il faut fournir aux étudiants des renseignements sur les nouvelles orientations et les différentes méthodes existant dans la linguistique contemporaine, avant tout sémiotiques, cognitives, discursives, contrastives, même si elles sont présentées sous diverses versions parfois contradictoires. En même temps, une consultation des manuels de lexicologie montre que plusieurs phénomènes connus restent en marge de leurs études, il s’agit avant tout du calque, du mot international, de l’occasionnalisme, de l’archaïsme sémantique, etc. Donc, l’emploi et la définition corrects du terme, la précision de ses particularités au sein de son paradigme sont indispensables pour l’étude lexicologique contemporaine. L’approche principale est de présenter le vocabulaire français en tant que système spécifique d’unités nominatives. Teaching FFL lexicology: opening new approaches The main aim of this paper is to show major problems of modern lexicology as well as to improve the teaching of lexicology at the university by taking into account new theories that appeared at the end of the 20th century. Modern education requires the introduction of new terminology such as eponymy, enantiosemy, meronymy, etc., and the revision of the so-called classical theories and themes such as polysemy, semantic evolution, word formation or borrowing. It is also essential to introduce several topics and approaches including, above all, field theory, connotation theory, the problem of the concept, cognitive semantics, prototype theory and stereotype theory, linguistic and cultural aspects, semantic universals, etc. We seek to identify the main problems posed by the study of French vocabulary, to show the development of theories and lexical approaches during the 20th and the 21st centuries. It is thought that students should be provided with information on the new orientations and methods existing in contemporary linguistics, primarily semiotic, cognitive, discursive and contrastive, even if presented in different or even contradictory versions. At the same time, an overview of lexicology textbooks shows that several rather well-known phenomena remain on the margins of study; these include calques, international words, occasionalisms, semantic archaisms, etc. Therefore, adequate definitions of terms and their use, precise identification of their peculiarities within relevant paradigms in contemporary studies of lexicology are indispensable. Key words: lexicology; French; teaching; approach; theory of the word.


2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2018) (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Komel

Category: 1.01 Original scientific paper Language: Original in Slovenian (Abstract in Slovenian and English, Summary in English) Key words: the October revolution, ideology, philosophy, imperialism, society Abstract: The article discusses the October Revolution as a key event of the 20th century, which as such, however, confronts us with the question of revolution in general. Revolution should not be understood purely as a specific social phenomenon, but in the context of the totalization of social subjectivity, which can also take on a totalitarian form. Within this, a new reflective horizon opens regarding totalitarian ideology as a tool and a weapon in the function of social power. Finally, we are confronted with the philosophical question, what is happening—not only because of the millions of victims of revolutionary terror, but also because of the nihilistic expansion of social subjectivity—with the essential meaning of humanity and individual existence.


2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Rosye H.R. Tanjung ◽  
Suharno Suharno ◽  
Jhon D. Kalor

Forest is a resources system which has prospective materials to be used for human needs. Local people within everyday life are very dependent on the natural surroundings, as well as the use of nature for human needs tend to increase. The purpose of this research is to do the analysis of vegetation and determine the potential use of non-timber forest products in Kampung Pagai, Airu District, Jayapura. The method used for the analysis of vegetation is the square plot, while the method to figure out the potential of non-timber forest adopts the method developed by Waluyo (2004). The results showed that there are at least 39 species of trees belonging to the 26 families. Regeneration of trees showed the condition which is good based on the diversity of tree species in the Sapling level, especially matoa (Pometia pinnata), kayu besi (Instia bijuga), and various plants of Ficus ssp. The potential uses of non-timber forest are also quite high. Several types of plants can be used as building materials and accessories, medicines, ornaments (including orchids), fruits, and vegetables. Key words: forest, vegetation, non-timber forest product, Airu District, Jayapura.


Author(s):  
Revaz Gachechiladze

The presence of the Jewish population in Georgia and its peaceful coexistence with the local people has more than two millennia history. More or less systemic sources about the spatial aspects of their presence in Georgia exist only from the second half of the 19th century. The paper discusses the historical geography of the Jewish population in the 19th-20th century with the emphasis on their settlement pattern in the 1920s using for that purpose a detailed Population Census carried out in 1926.


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