scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF CHILD MORTALITY IN CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS AT THE COAST GENRAL TEACHING AND REFERRAL HOSPITAL, KENYA

2021 ◽  
pp. 342-348
Author(s):  
Kailong J. M. ◽  
Adem A
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Maternal Child Health ◽  
Hospital Delivery ◽  
Study Results

According to World Health Organization, children in Sub-Saharan Africa are more affected where the cases of deaths are 15 times more than the children in high income countries (WHO 2019). The carried out an assessment of child mortality at the Coast General teaching and Referral Hospital by looking at the prevalence, risk factors associated and utilization of Maternal Child Health services at the hospital. The study used a cross sectional study design where the target populations were children delivered as well as those seeking health services at the hospital. The study recruited a sample size of 384 participants. Structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data and interview for qualitative data then data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. The study results were presented using tables and pie charts. The study findings show that child mortality rate stands at 31%, 54.9% of the mothers had given birth to children with more than 2.5kg and 50.8% developed pregnancy or delivery complication. Bivariate analysis finding show that age during the first birth (p=0.036), placenta and umbilical cord complication (p=0.007), hospital delivery (p=0.000) to be statistically significant to child mortality. KEY WORDS: child mortality, hospital delivery, maternal and health care

Disease Control and Public Health in Colonial Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuël Coghe
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World War I ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Campaigns

Disease control and public health have been key aspects of social and political life in sub-Saharan Africa since time immemorial. With variations across space and time, many societies viewed disease as the result of imbalances in persons and societies and combined the use of materia medica from the natural world, spiritual divination, and community healing to redress these imbalances. While early encounters between African and European healing systems were still marked by mutual exchanges and adaptations, the emergence of European germ theory-based biomedicine and the establishment of racialized colonial states in the 19th century increasingly challenged the value of African therapeutic practices for disease control on the continent. Initially, colonial states focused on preserving the health of European soldiers, administrators, and settlers, who were deemed particularly vulnerable to tropical climate and its diseases. Around 1900, however, they started paying more attention to diseases among Africans, whose health and population growth were now deemed crucial for economic development and the legitimacy of colonial rule. Fueled by new insights and techniques provided by tropical medicine, antisleeping sickness campaigns would be among the first major interventions. After World War I, colonial health services expanded their campaigns against epidemic diseases, but also engaged with broader public health approaches that addressed reproductive problems and the social determinants of both disease and health. Colonial states were not the only providers of biomedical healthcare in colonial Africa. Missionary societies and private companies had their own health services, with particular logics, methods, and focuses. And after 1945, international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) increasingly invested in health campaigns in Africa as well. Moreover, Africans actively participated in colonial disease control, most notably as nurses, midwives, and doctors. Nevertheless, Western biomedicine never gained hegemony in colonial Africa. Many Africans tried to avoid or minimize participation in certain campaigns or continued to utilize the services of local healers and diviners, often in combination with particular biomedical approaches. To what extent colonial disease control impacted on disease incidence and demography is still controversially debated.

scholarly journals Characterization and Distribution of Medicine Vendors in Nigeria: A study of Lagos and Kaduna States.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babajide Oluseyi Daini ◽  
Emeka Okafor ◽  
Sikiru Baruwa ◽  
Oluwafunmito Adeyanju ◽  
Jennifer Anyanti
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Trade Association ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Drug Markets ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Health Training ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Quality Health

Abstract Background In 2014, Nigeria issued the task-shifting/sharing policy for essential health services, which aimed to fill the human resource gap and improve the delivery of health services across the country. This study focuses on the characteristics, spread, and Family planning (FP) stocking practices of medicine vendors in Lagos and Kaduna, assessing the influence of health training on the provision and stocking of FP services and commodities by vendors. Methods We conducted a census of all patent and proprietary medicine vendor (PPMV) shops and followed up with a facility assessment among 10% of the mapped shops; utilizing an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Bivariate analysis was conducted using the chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals (C.I) for the test of significance in the study. Results 8,318 medicine shops were censused (76.2% Urban). There were 39 shops per 100,000 population in both states on average. About half (50.9%) were manned by a medicine vendor without assistance, 25.7% claimed to provide FP services to > 2 clients per week, and 11.4% were not registered with the regulatory body or any trade association. Also, 28.2% of vendors reported formal health training; with 56.3% of these health trained vendors relatively new in the business, opening within the last five years. Vendors utilized open drug markets as the major source of supply for FP products. Health training significantly increased the stocking of FP products and inhibited the utilization of open drug markets. Conclusion PPMVs have continued to grow progressively in the last five years, becoming the most proximal health facility for potential clients for different health services (especially FP services) across both Northern and Southern Nigeria. Now comprised of a considerable mass of health trained personnel, able to deliver high-quality health services and complement existing healthcare infrastructure, if trained. However, restrictions on services within the PPMV shop and lack of access to quality health commodities and consumables have resulted in poor practices among PPMVs. There is therefore a need to identify, train, and provide innovative means of improving access to quality-assured products for this group of health workers.

scholarly journals The global challenge of ageing population – Part II: the impact on health services, and the optimum healthcare strategy for older patients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Sammy ◽  
Joanne Paul ◽  
Arvind Ramnarine ◽  
Joseph Ramdhanie
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Analysis of data from the World Health Organization over the past 50 years, has demonstrated a transition towards population ageing globally. This has a significant impact on acute care services as well as on the approach to patient care in the acute setting. Methods: A narrative review of the literature was undertaken using Medline, CINAHL and the Cochrane Database, supplemented by manual searches of the literature, and further guided by the reference lists of relevant papers identified in the electronic search. No restriction was placed on the type of paper to be included in the study. Results: The initial electronic search of the three databases included 239 papers, of which 87 were found to be relevant and included in this review. Among the papers included were those which described the unique challenges posed by the ageing population, proposed modifications to the delivery of health services and recommended adaptations in the approach to older patients in the acute care setting. Conclusion: Population ageing is a significant global phenomenon, affecting both developed and developing regions of the world. More work is needed, particularly in the developing world, to better understand the impact of ageing on our population.

TRENDS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-261
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Health Departments ◽  
Local Public Health ◽  
Clinical Session ◽  
Study Results

A MONTH ago in this column, we drew attention to the status of the Local Public Health Units Bill as it stood in early December in the 81st Congress. We have been watching with special interest the further course of this Bill in view of its direct relationship to the oft' expressed objective of the Academy to extend child health services into areas of need. One of the needs most clearly demonstrated by the Academy's study results from the inequity of health services in rural and isolated areas in comparison with metropolitan areas. The Local Public Health Units Bill proposes to stimulate the development of local health departments, one of the recognized functions of which would be an extension of maternal and child health services. The support which this Bill has received and the fate of this Bill in the 81st Congress may be summarized by the following quotations: In his presidential address, presented at the Fourth Annual Clinical Session of the AMA in Cleveland, December 5 to 8, Dr. E. L. Henderson said: "The American Medical Association has long believed that the existence of effective and properly operated public health units is basic to the maintenance and improvement of the health of the people. As early as 1883, a report was made at the annual meeting of the Association covering a survey conducted to ascertain what states and counties had health departments.

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of integrating postpartum antiretroviral therapy and infant care into maternal & child health services in South Africa

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. e0225104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin M. Dugdale ◽  
Tamsin K. Phillips ◽  
Landon Myer ◽  
Emily P. Hyle ◽  
Kirsty Brittain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Infant Care ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
Maternal Child Health ◽  
Maternal Child
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