scholarly journals CULTIVATION OF CORN UNDER SALINE SOIL RECLAMATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Chingizkhon Vali ugli Toshpulatov ◽  
Botir Burievich Tukhtashev ◽  
Ikrom Abdukarimovich Rakhmonov ◽  
Bakhodir Toshboevich Mavlonov
Keyword(s):  
Saline Soil ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Saline Medium

To cultivate field crops and increasing their salinity resistance under saline soil condition has become the prior issue. It is important to study the technology of care for each field crop based on the specific soil and climatic conditions. It is very essential to study the advanced technologies to increase the salinity of corn in these soils. In the condition of less saline soils, the green mass of the produced corn was 669.9 c/ha and dry mass constituted 169.6 c/ha while was in average saline soil this indicates were 312.7 c/ha and 95.00 c/ha relatively. Under strong saline soil condition initially 3-4 pieces of corn sprouted per sq. m. and subsequently died of salt exposure. KEYWORDS: corn, less saline, medium saline, salt resistance, sowing time, dense of seedling, green mass, irrigation dynamics.

scholarly journals Формування продуктивності сорго цукрового під впливом строків сівби

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Grabovskiy ◽  
T. O. Grabovskaya ◽  
L. A. Kozak ◽  
O. S. Gorodetskyi ◽  
L. V. Bohatyr
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Photosynthetic Potential ◽  
Dough Stage ◽  
Ground Mass

The scientifically based choice of sowing terms for sorghum depends on the climatic conditions, type, state and humidity of the soil, biological characteristics of varieties and hybrids, the economic purpose of sowing, rate of positive temperatures growth. The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of sowing terms on the growth, development and the yield of green mass of sugar sorghum. In the experiment, the variety of sugar sorghum Silosne 42 and the hybrid Dovista were sown in three terms when the soil temperatures at the depth of seeding were: І – 6–8 °С, ІІ – 8–10 °С, ІІІ – 10–12 °С. Biometric indexes of sugar sorghum depended both on sowing terms and varietal characteristics. The plants most intensively developed and formed the above-ground mass in a variant where the soil temperature at the depth of seeding was 10–12 °С, and plants height was 151.7 and 193.7 cm in the period of flowering – respectively in the Silosne 42 variety and the Dovista hybrid. The highest indexes of the leaf area (51.87 and 57.25 thousand m2/ha), photosynthetic potential (4.26 and 4.32 million m2×days/ha) and the net productivity of photosynthesis (3.50 and 3.54 g/m2 per day) of sugar sorghum were on varieties, sown when the soil temperature at the depth of seeding was 10–12 °С, respectively in the Silosne 42 variety and the Dovista hybrid. It was noted that the increase in the surface of leaf area and the duration of vegetation result in higher photosynthetic potential and, consequently, the growth of the green mass yield. Maximum indexes of pure productivity of photosynthesis are observed in the flowering period, that is, during the period of the most intense growth of the above-ground mass and the leaf surface of sugar sorghum. From the flag leaf stage until flowering stage there is an intense growth in sugar sorghum, and increment of green mass is 57.3-78.6% compared with the growing point differentiation stage. The sorghum biomass indexes had the highest values at all stages of the third sowing term. Increment of the green mass continues to the hard dough stage, while dry matter grows throughout the growing period. The highest yield of the green and dry mass of the Silosne 42 variety and the Dovista hybrid is observed in the hard dough stage, when the soil temperature at the depth of seeding was 10–12 °С – 74.8 and 17.4 t/ha and 83.7 and 20.2 t/ha. The Dovista hybrid prevailed on the yield of the green mass on 9.8–12.7% and dry matter on 4.5–7.8% than the Siloshne 42 variety.

scholarly journals Growth of plants and productivity of corn in cold climate

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
T. K. Golovko ◽  
И. В. Далькэ ◽  
G. T. Shmorgunov ◽  
A. F. Triandafilov ◽  
A. G. Tulinov
Keyword(s):  
Komi Republic ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Under conditions of a relatively cool and humid growing season in the central agro-climatic region of the Komi Republic, corn is not inferior in terms of growth rate and photosynthetic activity, traditionally cultivated under the conditions of the northern Non-Black Earth region crops. The purpose of the research is to study the possibility and prospects of growing early ripe corn hybrids in the soil and climatic conditions of the Komi Republic. Field experience was established on the basis of the Institute of Agriculture of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2016-2017 on an area of 1.6 hectares. In 2016, 6 varieties of corn were studied, and in 2017, in addition to them, another 15. Thus, out of 21 varieties and hybrids, 7 varieties were selected for further study. The article presents the results of a preliminary study of the ecological testing of early-ripening hybrids of corn when cultivating them in agroclimatic conditions of the Komi Republic. The features of growth and development of corn hybrids, formation of the green mass harvest are considered. As a result of the research, the Uralskiy 150 with the best fodder characteristics was identified among the studied hybrids. Uralsky 150 formed 11-12 leaves with a specific leaf density of 0.30 g/dm2. The LAI of the cenosis was 4 m2/m2. The maximum rate of photosynthesis of the leaves was 17 mol CO /m2s. The average for two years the yield of green mass 2 of the studied variety sample and hybrids of corn was amounted to 380 centner/ha. The dry matter content in biomass did not exceed 20%, the content of crude protein reached 12%, and fiber 29%.

scholarly journals Nutritional and cooking properties of some rice varieties in Noakhali region of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-243
Author(s):  
Kazi Ishrat Anjum ◽  
Mohammad Anowar Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Saline Soil ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Cooking Properties ◽  
Coastal Belt ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Gel Consistency

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritional and cooking properties of some rice varieties collected from the farmers of Noakhali region of Bangladesh. Noakhali district is situated in the coastal belt of the country and this area also termed as ‘char’ land. All of the selected varieties were grown in saline soil condition. For assessment of nutritional quality, protein, iron and zinc content were estimated. The protein, iron and zinc content ranged from 6.75 to 8.63%, 7.09 to 9.84ppm, 24.52 to 32.34ppm, respectively. The highest amount of protein, iron and zinc were found in Kajalshail variety. All of the rice varieties showed significant variation for all cooking properties studied in this work. The volume expansion ratio (VER) was varied from 1.89 to 2.20. The kernel elongation ratio (KER) was greater than 1.1 in all varieties except Carandol. On cooking Kajalshail variety exhibited highest VER and KER 2.20 and 1.19, respectively. Based on the gel consistency (GC) test, the average GC values ranged from 39.73 to 92.53mm and varieties were categorized as hard, medium and soft. On the basis of alkali spreading value (ASV) the varieties were classified into three groups namely- low, intermediate and high. ASV was found significantly and negatively correlated with gelatinization temperature (GT). The Kajalshail variety was found to have the better nutritional and cooking quality among all varieties. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(2): 235-243, August 2019

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF NEW MAIZE HYBRIDS IN CONDITIONS OF THE URALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (35) ◽  
pp. 1175-1185
Author(s):  
Raphael ISMAGILOV ◽  
Еlena SOTCHENKO ◽  
Bulat AKHIYAROV ◽  
Damir ISLAMGULOV ◽  
Razit NURLYGAJANOV
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Seed Technology ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Ground Mass

The research aimed to identify the most productive hybrids selected by the All-Russian Research Institute of Maize to cultivate by the cereal seed technology in the natural conditions of the Middle Cis- Urals. Methodology. Maize was cultivated for seeds and green fodder for farm animals in the conditions of the Middle Cis-Urals. The maize green mass, consisting mainly of stems and leaves, usually contains up to 88-90% water. Silage being prepared for it has less dry matter and protein. Such fodder has low nutritional value and poor return from livestock products. The most high quality and nutritious feed can be received from maize seeds or its above-ground mass with seeds of milky-wax and wax ripeness. To select early-maturing hybrids with high nutritional value is the primary concern for the studied area. Results. The results demonstrate that the productivity of maize hybrids ranges from 2.50 to 6.76 t/ha depending on soil and climatic conditions. When maize hybrids are grown by seed technology, the above-ground mass of the studied crops is 30.68-68.80 t/ha. Conclusions. It is necessary to select earlier ripening and highly productive hybrids to increase the quality and nutrition of corn feed. The recommended hybrids for grain production are Ural 150 (5,45 t/ha), Baikal (5,38 t/ha) and Mashuk 170 MV (4,98 t/ha); K-170 (56,7 t/ha), Shihan (55,67 t/ha) and Mashuk 170 MV (54,99 t/ha) that provided a higher output of the green mass at milky-wax ripeness of grain are best for silage production. The resulting data make it possible to select maize hybrids with high yields and nutritional value for farms with similar soil and climate conditions and to develop diets for highly productive dairy and beef cattle.

scholarly journals Promising varieties of spring glumaceous oat of the mowing and grain-mowing directions, adapted to the natural and climatic conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Elena Vologzhanina ◽  
Galina Batalova
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Positive Dependence ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Green Mass Yield ◽  
Favorable Conditions

The results of the study of 12 varieties and promising lines of glumaceous oat in the competitive variety testing of the FASC of the North-East (Kirov region) in the period from 2018 to 2020 are presented. The purpose of the research is to assess the productivity, ecological plasticity and stability of the genotypes of glumaceous oat for feed and universal use in the conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region. The dependences of grain yield and dry matter harvesting on the state of agro-climatic resources (HTC), temperature and precipitation are established. The contrasting weather conditions during the years of research allowed to conduct the most complete assessment of the studied genotypes. The most favorable conditions for the formation of a high yield of green mass of oat were formed in 2020 (Ij=3.76), grain - in 2019 (Ij=1.35). The average degree of positive dependence of green mass yield on the height of oat plants was revealed (r=0.51). The variety of the high-intensity type of the universal direction Medved, promising lines of the mowing direction (178h13 and 245h14) are distinguished.

Growth and development of domesticated and wild genotypes of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) in the Middle Urals

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
В.А. Волошин
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Wild Genotype ◽  
Flowering Pattern ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Stable Yield

В данной статье представлены результаты сравнительной оценки 11 сортов клевера лугового и одного образца-дикороса, проведённой в Пермском НИИ сельского хозяйства в 2018–2019 годах. Все селекционные сорта сформировали полноценные первый и второй укосы или отаву в оба года использования. Дикорастущая форма формировала только один укос, демонстрируя особенность позднеспелого одноукосного типа. Сорта Кретуновский и Ранний 2 показали себя как типичные раннеспелые двухукосные. Другие сорта занимали промежуточное положение. Наибольший сбор сухого вещества обеспечивал образец-дикорос в оба года при крайне различных погодных условиях (1,266 и 1,259 кг/м2 соответственно). Дикорастущая форма и сорт Ранний 2 обеспечивали стабильные урожаи зелёной массы и сухого вещества независимо от возраста и погодных условий. Образец дикорастущего клевера имел более однородный фенотип по сравнению с сортом Пермский местный — стандартом для позднеспелого типа, что указывает на большую генетическую однородность. Согласно всесторонней оценке, включающей степень перезимовки, урожайность зелёной и сухой массы, характер цветения, созревания, формирования и конечный урожай семян, образец-дикорос имеет отличительные признаки позднеспелого (одноукосного) типа и может использоваться в качестве исходного генетического материала для дальнейшей селекции позднеспелых одноукосных сортов клевера лугового, характеризующихся экономически ценными свойствами: высокой устойчивостью к неблагоприятным условиям окружающей среды, высокой и стабильной урожайностью зелёной массы и семян. Исследования будут продолжены с оценкой ряда образцов дикорастущих форм клевера лугового, обнаруженных в 2019 году в природных биоценозах Пермского края. This article deals with the competitive trial of 11 varieties and 1 wild genotype of red clover conducted at the Research Institute of Agriculture in 2018–2019. All the varieties provided good yields of green mass both in the first and second cuts. Wild genotype provided only one cut as long-season one-cut type. “Kretunovskiy” and “Ranniy 2” performed as typical short-season two-cut varieties. Wild genotype produced the highest yield of dry matter (DM) under contrast weather conditions (1.266 and 1.259 kg/m2, respectively). Wild genotype and “Ranniy 2” formed stable yields of green mass and DM regardless of time period and weather. Wild genotype showed homogeneous phenotype compared to “Permskiy mestnyy” — long-season standard variety indicating high genetic uniformity. Such traits as winter hardiness, green and dry mass yields, flowering pattern, seed maturation, formation and production were evaluated. According to this evaluation wild genotype performed as long-season (one-cut) type showing high resistance to unfavorable conditions, high and stable yield of green mass and seeds. Therefore, it can be used a source of economically important traits for future breeding programs of red clover. Further investigations will focus on the evaluation of wild genotypes of red clover found in the Perm region in 2019.

Influence of genotype, sowing date, and seeding rate on wheat development and yield

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 751 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Coventry ◽  
TG Reeves ◽  
HD Brooke ◽  
DK Cann
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Spike Density ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
North Eastern

A 3-year study was conducted to measure the effect of sowing time and seeding rate on the development and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown under high-yielding conditions in north-eastern Victoria. A range of wheat cultivars with different development responses, including 'winter' types, was used in 2 experiments in each season. High grain yields for dryland wheat were measured in the first 2 seasons (1985-86), and in 1985, near-optimal water use efficiencies (>18 kg/ha. mm effective rainfall) were obtained. In the third season (1987) grain yield was limited by adverse climatic conditions-in the me- and post-anthesis period. In each season, grain yield declined with delay in sowing time. In 1985 there was a loss of 200-250 kg grain/ha for each week's delay in sowing time. In 1987, yield loss with delayed sowing was 50-110 kg grain/ha. In each season, cultivars with late or midseason maturity development gave the highest mean yields, and the use of these maturity types allowed earlier sowing, in mid April. However, with late sowing of wheat there was a trend for early maturity types to give higher yields, and so the use of 2 wheat cultivars with distinct maturity development responses to climate is recommended. If only 1 wheat cultivar is to be used, then a late maturity type is recommended. Higher wheat yields were also obtained as spike density increased, as a result of higher seeding rates. Our data suggest that in the higher rainfall region of north-eastern Victoria, a spike density of about 500 spikes/m2 is required to optimise wheat yields.

Application of two amendments (gypsum and langbeinite) to reclaim sodic soil using sodic irrigation water

Soil Research ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 547 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Aydemir ◽  
N. F. Najjar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
High Solubility ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
Sodic Water ◽  
Significant Difference

In this study, gypsum, a common amendment for sodic soil reclamation, was compared with langbeinite, a lesser used and known mineral. A column leaching experiment using sodic water was conducted on a sodic, non-saline soil (fine, montmorillonitic, thermic Ruptic Vertic Albaqualf) dominated by smectitic clays. Soil was amended with gypsum and langbeinite at rates equivalent to exchangeable Na at soil depths of 0.15 and 0.30 m. The soil water at depths of 0.75, 0.15, and 0.225 m and the effluent from each column were collected at intervals of 12 h and analysed for soluble bases. Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) was calculated from soluble salts. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) was calculated. At the end of the experiment, soil samples were removed from each column in 4 depth increments. Significantly less exchangeable Na and lower SAR of the soil water was found in the lower sections of the soil columns, and Ksat was greater for the amended treatments than for the control. High solubility of the langbeinite resulted in the highest Ksat value, with possible increase in electrolyte concentration and reduction of clay swelling and dispersion in the first 12 h. However, there was no significant difference in reclamation efficiency between equivalent rates of 2 amendments throughout the experiment. This experiment indicated that factors influencing the decision about using either amendment should be availability of the product, the seasonal fluctuation in price, required reclamation time, and the crop needs for Ca or Mg and K.

scholarly journals Foliar Application: A Thriving and Flourishing Domain in Agriculture

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pushpa C Tomar
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Solution Condition

Foliar Application seems to be an upcoming and ongoing research area especially in the field of agriculture. This is been in practice in various parts of the world and proved its positive results in its field [1,2]. Foliar application can be explained as spraying the suitable fertilizer solution (condition is, that it should be water soluble) on the surface of the leaves of growing plants [3]. This practice not only saves quantity of fertilizer used but also improves the uptake of a particular micronutrient by the crops and boosts the yield too. Interaction between crop’s genetic potential and the environment in which it grows is detrimental for the yield of a crop [4]. Soil application of nitrogen is a conventional method to supply nitrogen to plants and for improvement in any field adhering to the old ways will not be a better option [4]. In some instances, the availability of urea becomes inadequate for the farmers at sowing time. In such situation the foliar application of plant nutrient is effective and economical for some crops [5]. It has been shown in some studies that uptake of micronutrients directly from plants is more rapid and quicker for better results in yields than soil application[1]. As mentioned above, that the fertilizer should be water soluble for foliar spray and moreover, it should also be noted that the particular crop plant also should be suitable for aerial spray. The best results of foliar application also depends on the soil condition as if soil conditions are unfavourable when micronutrients are needed, it may be desirable to make foliar applications of the plant nutrients

scholarly journals The study of the productivity dynamics and quality of forage made from different varieties of alfalfa and sainfoin

2018 ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Ignatiev ◽  
T. V. Gryazeva ◽  
N. G. Ignatieva ◽  
A. A. Regidin
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Alfalfa Varieties ◽  
Productivity Potential

Alfalfa and sainfoin have always been the main perennial fodder legumes in the south of Russia. Because of their economic and biological properties, crop and fodder production have always relied on their cultivation and will rely on it in the future. Insufficient cultivated areas of these legumes make it impossible to provide livestock with balanced feed, to use climatic, soil and plant resources rationally. The study of the varietal composition of alfalfa and sainfoin developed in the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” showed that the productivity potential of these varieties makes it possible to obtain a fairly high yields of forage under various weather-climatic conditions. For 6 years the average yield of green mass of the standard variety “Rostovskaya 90” was 27.0 t/ha in the first cutting and 18.1 t/ha in the second cutting, and in the total for two cuttings it is 45.1 t/ha. In the first cutting for 5 years out of 6, the green mass pro­ductivity of the alfalfa varieties “Lyutsiya” and “Selyanka” significantly exceeded the standard variety. On average for two cuttings, green mass productivity of the varieties “Lyutsiya” (47.8 t/ha) and “Selyanka” (48.9 t/ha) was higher than that of the standard variety. The yield of absolutely dry matter of the standard variety “Rostovskaya 90” varied from 6.7 t/ha to 7.7 t/ha in the first cutting and from 4.3 t/ha to 5.2 t/ha in the second cutting. The yield of absolutely dry matter of the alfalfa varieties “Lyutsiya” and “Selyanka” reliably exceeded the standard variety in the first cutting, but in the second cutting their yield was equal to the yield of the standard variety. According to the green mass yield of one cutting, the studied varieties of sainfoin were as good as the alfalfa productivity in the first cutting. The green mass pro­ductivity of the standard variety “Zernogradsky 2” ranged from 24.4 to 31.1 t/ha, the green mass productivity of the sainfoin variety “Veles” ranged from 26.8 t/ha to 39.4 t/ha, and the green mass productivity of the variety “Sudar” ranged from 28.8 t/ha to 33.3 t/ha. The dry matter productivity of the sainfoin varieties developed in a similar way. The minimum dry matter productivity of the standard variety “Zernogradsky 2” was 6.1 t/ha, the maximum was 7.8 t/ha. The minimum dry matter productivity of the variety “Veles” was 6.7 t/ha and the maximum was 9.8 t/ha. The minimum dry matter productivity of the variety “Sudar” was 7.2 t/ha and the maximum was 8.8 t/ha. In total for 2 cuttings, the alfalfa varieties produced 7.45–8.12 thousand of fodder units, 2.29–2.57 t/ha of raw protein and 1.59–1.78 t/ha of digestible protein. The varieties “Lyutsiya” and “Selyanka” showed a higher yield of nutrients, compared with the standard variety. The nutrient productivity of the studied sainfoin varieties slightly yielded to the alfalfa varieties in the first cutting. On average they produced 3.89–4.55 thousand of fodder units per hectare, 1.34–1.55 t/ha of raw protein and 0.93–1.11 t/ha of digestible protein. In comparison with the standard variety “Zernogradsky 2”, the sainfoin varieties “Veles” and “Sudar” had a greater productivity of nutrients.

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