scholarly journals Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effect of Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile Extract Using Allium cepa Bioassay

2020 ◽  
pp. 154-159
Author(s):  
Samah Bodowara ◽  
Fauzia El Garaboli ◽  
Salem El shatshat
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Genotoxic Effect ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Mitotic Abnormalities ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Allium Cepa Assay

The present study aimed to measure the cytotoxic and genotoxic effect of the bark of A. nilotica extract. Allium cepa assay was used to find out the effect of A. nilotica extract on chromosome structure and behavior during cell division. The root tips meristem cells were treated with different concentration of A. nilotica bark aqueous extract (0.1, 0.01 and 0.001mg/ml) for 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours, respectively. Cytological analysis revealed decreasing in cell division in all used concentration especially at high ones. The obtained results indicate that aqueous extracts of A. nilotica plant have the ability to decrease the (MI%) values with increasing the concentration at (P<0.005). All treatments have caused different kind of mitotic abnormalities and chromosomal aberrations, such as: change percentage of mitotic phases, C-mitosis, stickiness, chromosome bridges, Micronucleus and vagrant chromosome. The action of A. nilotica bark extract on the genetic material led to decrease in dividing cells number which was concentration and time depended. This inhibition of cell division was due to disturbances in nucleus as a result of inhibition of DNA synthesis. KEY WORDS: Allium cepa assay: A. nilotica: Chromosomal aberrations; MI.

Genotoxic effect of fruit extract of wild and cultivated cucurbits using Allium cepa assay

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Rupinderpal Kaur ◽  
Yumnam Devashree ◽  
Ravindra Kumar ◽  
Saurabh Gupta ◽  
Mohd. Saleem Wani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Genotoxic Effect ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Allium Cepa Assay

scholarly journals Shugoshin: From a Perspective of Clinical Disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravinder Kumar ◽  
Meenakshi Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Altered Level ◽  
Protein Factor ◽  
Clinical Disorders ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Cellular Genome ◽  
Segregation Of Chromosomes

Proper and timely segregation of cellular genome is an important and a prime requirement of all cell division programmes. Mis-segregation of chromosomes and resulting aneuploidy leads to several clinical consequences. Over the years, shugoshin emerges as a key protein factor involved in the segregation of genetic material in dividing cells. Deletion or altered level of shugoshin is reported in several human malignancies, as a result, shugoshin now emerges as an important tumour associated gene and a possible target for cancer therapy. Apart from the role in cancer, recent studies also showed the involvement of shugoshin in several other clinical disorders. Through this review, we tried to highlight the clinical relevance of shugoshin.

scholarly journals Effect of Ferrous Gluconate on Chromosomal Abnormality Index of Allium Cepa Root Tip

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-758
Author(s):  
Nergis Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromosomal Aberration ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormality ◽  
Genotoxic Effect ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Ferrous Gluconate ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Abnormality Index

In completed research, ferrous gluconate -a food additive- used to preserve black color to prevent discoloration during storage in ripe black olives, and Allium cepa L. species. A. cepa L. roots were treated with different doses of ferrous gluconate. The effective concentration EC50 (0.068 g/l) was determined. A. cepa root tips were treated with EC50/2 (0.034 g/l), EC50 (0.068 g/l), 2XEC50 (0.136 g/l) dose for 24, 48, 72 hours, and afterward, the root tips were prepared for observation under the light microscope according to the method of preparing mitotic preparation. Chromosomal abnormality index (CAI) and genotoxic effect of ferrous gluconate in A. cepa root tip cells were determined. Repeated measurement ANOVA and TUKEY multiple comparison tests were used to investigate the effect of time and dose together on genotoxicity. C-mitosis, polyploidy, polar shifting in anaphase, polar shifting in telophase, equatorial plate shifting, laggard chromosome was observed by microscope. The highest CAI (70.16±4.85) was observed at 72h for 2XEC50 dose. Chromosomal aberration is also observed in control group. While the most common chromosomal aberration is determined as C-mitosis; The least observed chromosomal aberration is determined as polyploidy. Research results revealed that ferrous gluconate has a genotoxic effect on the root tip of A. cepa.

scholarly journals Allium cepa assay based comparative study of selected vegetables and the chromosomal aberrations due to heavy metal accumulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1368-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Sabeen ◽  
Qaisar Mahmood ◽  
Zulfiqar Ahmad Bhatti ◽  
Faridullah ◽  
Muhammad Irshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Allium Cepa Assay

Protective roles of exogenous polyamines on chromosomal aberrations in Hordeum vulgare exposed to salinity

Biologia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selma Tabur ◽  
Kıymet Demir
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Root Meristem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Mitotic Abnormalities ◽  
Negative Effect

AbstractThe effects of exogenous polyamines (PAs): spermine (Spm), spermidine (Spd), cadaverine (Cad) and putrescine (Put) on mitotic activity and chromosomal aberrations in root meristem cells of Hordeum vulgare L. (barley) seeds exposed to salinity were analyzed. The PAs significantly inhibited cell division in distilled water. Furthermore, most of these PAs (except for Spd) caused a significant increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations as compared to control group. Seeds treated with Put caused the highest percentage of mitotic abnormalities in total. The negative effect of salinity on mitotic index and the frequency of chromosomal aberrations increased with increasing salt concentration. PAs studied could not be successful in ameliorating of the negative effect of salinity on mitotic activity. Particularly, exposure to Cad and 0.40 M NaCl caused a complete block of cell division in total. However, most of the PA studied showed a perfectly performance in alleviating the detrimental effects of increasing salinity on chromosomal aberrations.

Alkaline extracted cyanide from cassava wastewater and its sole induction of chromosomal aberrations on Allium cepa L. root tips

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Adewale K Ogunyemi ◽  
Akeem A Abayomi ◽  
O Opawale Rachael ◽  
Titilola A Samuel ◽  
Matthew O Ilori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Cassava Wastewater

scholarly journals Antigenotoxic potential of gel extract of Aloe vera against Sodium azide genotoxicity in Allium cepa cells

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Akeem Akinboro ◽  
Aisha Jimoh
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Aloe Vera Gel ◽  
Lower Dose Range ◽  
Dose Dependent

Nowadays, the increasing rate of human exposure to various kinds of environmental mutagens has necessitated the search for natural antimutagens /antigenotoxic agents in natural products. In this study, Aloe vera gel extract was tested for its possible antigenotoxicity following the Allium cepa assay. Ten onions (Allium cepa) per dose were grown for 48 and 72 hours on gel extract of A. vera at 6.25%, 12.5%, 25.0%, 50.0% and 100.0% in combination with sodium azide (0.05mg/ml) solution for microscopic and macroscopic evaluations, respectively. Distilled water and sodium azide were the negative and positive controls, respectively. The cell division in the root tips, and root growth in the exposed A. cepa were inhibited in a dose dependent manner by the mixture of A. vera and sodium azide. However, the mixture of absolute (100.0%) dose and sodium azide completely arrested cell division and induced a lower root length than that recorded for sodium azide alone. The genotoxicity of sodium azide was inversely reduced by the doses of A. vera except at 100.0%. These results show that gel extract of A. vera possesses strong antigenotoxic /antimutagenic potency at lower dose range of 6.25% to 25.0% in A. cepa cells, however, its higher doses above 50.0% to 100.0% could be severely toxic when being considered for suppression of environmental mutagens’ mutagenicity or genotoxicity. This suggests that gel extract of A. vera contains phytochemical(s) that can be useful in the development of anticancer drug.

scholarly journals Systemic Control of Cell Division and Endoreduplication by NAA and BAP by Modulating CDKs in Root Tip Cells ofAllium cepa

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jigna G. Tank ◽  
Vrinda S. Thaker
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Ofallium Cepa ◽  
Elongation Process ◽  
Growth Formation

Molecular mechanism regulated by auxin and cytokinin during endoreduplication, cell division, and elongation process is studied by usingAllium cepa rootsas a model system. The activity of CDK genes modulated by auxin and cytokinin during cell division, elongation, and endoreduplication process is explained in this research work. To study the significance of auxin and cytokinin in the management of cell division and endoreduplication process in plant meristematic cells at molecular level endoreduplication was developed in root tips ofAllium cepaby giving colchicine treatment. There were inhibition of vegetative growth, formation of c-tumor at root tip, and development of endoreduplicated cells after colchicine treatment. This c-tumor was further treated with NAA and BAP to reinitiate vegetative growth in roots. BAP gave positive response in reinitiation of vegetative growth of roots from center of c-tumor. However, NAA gave negative response in reinitiation of vegetative growth of roots from c-tumor. Further, CDKs gene expression analysis from normal, endoreduplicated, and phytohormone (NAA or BAP) treated root tip was done and remarkable changes in transcription level of CDK genes in normal, endoreduplicated, and phytohormones treated cells were observed.

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