scholarly journals FARMER’S DISTRESS AND AGRARIAN CRISES IN INDIA: CAUSES AND WAYS FORWARD

2020 ◽  
pp. A 63-A 69
Author(s):  
Shreya Suppannavar ◽  
Duragesh Pujari
Keyword(s):  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
High Poverty ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Farmer Suicides ◽  
Major Loss ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Commit Suicide ◽  
Agricultural Labourers

Agriculture in India is referred to as “Gamble of the monsoon”. It has been observed that among Indian states. In recent years, many farmers in India have committed suicide, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Karnataka record for high suicide rates due to indebtedness of agricultural households. Maharashtra accounted for the maximum share of farmer suicides and Karnataka second. Cultivators are more prone to commit suicide compared to that of Agricultural Labourers. The study found that the high poverty states have the highest farmers committing suicide. Among the cultivators, bankruptcy or indebtedness are the major factors leading to purposive killing of farmers killing themselves. The study is based on secondary data. The data such as number of cultivators, agricultural labourers by age, gender and size of landholdings have been collected and been used for further analysis. Indian States are categorized into low, middle and High Poverty states based on ‘combined poverty line’ estimated by Suresh Tendulkar. Also the farmers are divided into four groups according to size of landholdings (marginal, small, medium and large farmers) for clear analysis. Simple statistical tools such as averages, Coefficient of Variation and percentage are used to analyze and interpret the data. Out of 39.8 percent of total working population in India 21.7 percent of population are engaged in agricultural activities and are in distress and committing suicide which triggers a major loss to India’s Human Capital resource. The study also shows that high rates of suicide are recorded in Maharashtra (34.1 percent) and Karnataka (12.5 percent) and therefore farmers’ suicide is high among the high poverty states of India. KEY WORDS: Agriculture, Farmers, Cultivators, agricultural Labourers, Suicide, Bankruptcy, High and Low Poverty States, Factors.

scholarly journals Suicidal Ideation Among Adolescents—The Role of Sexual Abuse, Depression, and Impulsive Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Shobhit Srivastava ◽  
Prem Shankar Mishra ◽  
Debashree Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Indian States

Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents. With every fifth Indian to be an adolescent, the cost of an adolescent dying by suicide is enormous. This necessitates an understanding of the potential risk factors of suicidal ideation among adolescents. Secondary data analysis is performed on cross-sectional survey data obtained from Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults. The survey was conducted in two Indian states of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis and logistic regression are done to examine the results. Adolescent girls reported more suicidal ideation than boys. The odds of suicidal ideation are significantly higher among adolescents whose mother faced physical abuse and adolescents who themselves experienced sexual abuse. Adolescent boys and girls who have moderate depressive symptoms and impulsive behavior are significantly more likely to report suicidal ideation. The results help in identifying the adolescents who are at a particular risk for suicidal ideation while planning for intervention program for prevention of suicide.

scholarly journals In Search of the Determinants of Dairy Production in an Emerging Market

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avijit Sarkar ◽  
Hemant Gupta ◽  
Avijit Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
The Status

In view of the growing importance of the dairy sector, especially for the livelihood of the rural population and the increasing demand for milk by the Indian population, higher yield of milk animals and milk availability have become the focal point of attention. This study aims to identify the determinants of dairy production in India by examining the relationship of crossbreed and buffalo populations with the quantity of milk production across different Indian states. Fifteen major Indian states were included in this study and relevant secondary data from 2001 to 2019 was taken for analysis. The sources of statistical data are BAHS (GOI), Statistical abstract, NDDB website, etc. Coarse cereal, fodder crops, grazing land, artificial insemination and veterinary services have an influence on the total milk production of the Indian states, and the significance of these impacts were tested by pooled OLS regression analysis. Crossbreed cows, indigenous cows, buffalo and goat populations were tested with the Spearman’s rho correlation test, and these variables were also found to have a positive correlation with the quantity of total milk production (TMP). The study was further extended to compare the population strength of the crossbreed and buffalo, their growth rate and ultimately the status of average milk production across the major Indian states during the period 2001 to 2019. Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab and Andhra Pradesh were found to have healthy production of milk. However, Bihar and Rajasthan were found as promising states. States like Orissa, Kerala, Uttarakhand and West Bengal were found to have certain points of concern.

Status of Agricultural Credit and Indebtedness in India: An Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 001946622110153
Author(s):  
Suresh Kumar Maurya ◽  
Neha Vishwakarma
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Agricultural Credit ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Agricultural Household ◽  
Agricultural Households ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Jel Code ◽  
Land Size

This article attempts to analyse status of agricultural credit and indebtedness in India. The objectives of the study are as follows: (a) to study a comparison of flow of total institutional agricultural credit among different land size groups at all India level; (b) to study a comparison of indebtedness of agricultural households between different size classes of land possessed at both states and all India level and (c) to analyse incidence of indebtedness in major Indian states. It is concluded that mostly, short- and medium-term loans of agricultural purposes are taken for marginal land size groups in India. The percentage of indebted agricultural households to total agricultural household increases as land size increases. The percentage of holdings is less than percentage of indebted agricultural households in Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Karnataka, Odisha and Rajasthan. JEL Code: Q14

scholarly journals Bio-economics of Indian hybrid Bt cotton and farmer suicides

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Paul Gutierrez ◽  
Luigi Ponti ◽  
Keshav R. Kranthi ◽  
Johann Baumgärtner ◽  
Peter. E. Kenmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pure Line ◽  
High Density ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Value Capture ◽  
South Central ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Farmer Suicides ◽  
Short Season

Abstract Background The implementation of hybrid Bt cotton unique to India has been heralded as a grand success by government agencies, seed companies and other proponents, and yet yields have stagnated at low levels and production costs have risen 2.5–3-fold. The low-yield hybrid cotton system of India contributes thousands of farmer suicides to the annual national toll. Conceptual and methodological barriers have hindered bioeconomic analysis of the ecological and social sustainability of such cross-scale agro-ecological problems in time and geographic space, under global technology and climate change. As a paradigm shift, we use conceptually simple, parameter-sparse, theoretically based, mechanistic, weather-driven physiologically based demographic models (PBDMs) to deconstruct the bio-economics of the Indian cotton system. Results Our analysis of Indian hybrid cotton system explains some extant ecological and economic problems, and suggests a viable solution. Specifically, the model accurately captured the age-stage mass dynamics of rainfed and irrigated cotton growth/development and the interactions with the key pest pink bollworm across five south-central Indian states, and enabled identification of proximate bioeconomic factors responsible for low yield and their relationship to farmer suicides. The results are reinforced by analysis of Ministry of Agriculture annual state-level data. We explain why short-season, high-density non-GM cotton is a highly viable solution for Indian cotton farmers in rainfed and irrigated cotton areas of the five states, and possibly nationally. The transition from a theoretical bioeconomic construct to a real-world regional bioeconomic analysis proved seamless. Conclusions The hybrid long-season Bt technology for rainfed and irrigated cotton is unique to India, and is a value capture mechanism. This technology is suboptimal leading to stagnant yields, high input costs, increased insecticide use, and low farmer incomes that increase economic distress that is a proximate cause of cotton farmer suicides. The current GM Bt technology adds costs in rainfed cotton without commensurate increases in yield. Non-GM pure-line high-density short-season varieties could double rainfed cotton yield, reduce costs, decrease insecticide use, and help ameliorate suicides. The GM hybrid technology is inappropriate for incorporation in short-season high-density varieties.

scholarly journals Subnationalism and Social Development: A Comparative Analysis of Indian States

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prerna Singh
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Shared Identity ◽  
Comparative Historical Analysis

The quality of life that a person leads depends critically on where it is led. Even taking into account levels of economic development, the chances of an individual surviving through infancy, growing up literate, or living a healthy, long life vary dramatically across regions of the world, in different countries, and within the same country. What are the causes of such variation in wellbeing? This article points to a factor that has been virtually ignored in the vast scholarship on social welfare and development—the solidarity that emerges from a sense of shared identity. The argument marks an important departure from the traditional emphasis on the role of class and electoral politics, as well as from the dominant view of the negative implications of identity for welfare. Combining statistical analyses of all Indian states and a comparative historical analysis of two Indian provinces, Kerala and Uttar Pradesh, this article demonstrates how the strength of attachment to the subnational political community—subnationalism—can drive a progressive social policy and improve developmental outcomes.

scholarly journals SERVICE CENTRES IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT : A CASE STUDY OF JAUNPUR DISTRICT, UTTAR PRADESH

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Dinesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Population Index ◽  
Service Centre ◽  
Block Level ◽  
Centrality Score ◽  
Eastern Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Fifth Order

This paper attempts to deal with the identifying the service centers and calculation of the spatial arrangement with complementary area of service centres in Jaunpur district Jaunpur district of Uttar Pradesh. The study area is situated in Eastern Uttar Pradesh of the Middle Ganga Plain. The study is exclusively based on secondary data collected at block level from different offices. The centrality score has been calculated on the basis of three type of indices like functional centrality index, working population index and tertiary population index. There are 31 function or services selected judicially from five sectors (administrative, agricultural and financial, educational, health and transport and communication) to measure the centrality of service centre. The thissen polygon and berry breaking point method has been used for measure the complementary area. Total 88 service centres have been identified as first, second, third, fourth and fifth order service centre. The number of I, II, III, IV, and V order centres accounts for 43, 24, 16, 4, and 1 respectively.

scholarly journals Informal Labours in Kolkata City: Migration from Undivided Bihar and Uttar Pradesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-153
Author(s):  
Sumita Roy ◽  
Gopa Samanta
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Migration Pattern ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Single Male ◽  
The City ◽  
Male Labour

Migration takes place due to various social, cultural, economic or political reasons. Previous Census reports of India show that employment-induced out-migration is a common feature of several states like Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, and other states. In the case of Kolkata, informal labours have enormous employment opportunities in big business centres and small manufacturing units of the city. With the help of D-series Census Data of the years 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011, this study focuses on the migration pattern and the reasons for migration to Kolkata. Secondary data fails to give an idea about the migration pattern of non-Bengali informal labours in the city. Through intensive field survey, the present study tries to identify the dominance of non-Bengali single (without family) male labour migration and to explore the migration streams to the informal sectors of Kolkata. With the help of both secondary data on migration over different decades and by using the primary data, the article argues that non-Bengali migrants represent the informal labour community in Kolkata especially from undivided Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, and the pattern of migration is mainly occupation-induced single male labour migration.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF KVK IN DOUBLING FARMERS INCOME IN SITAPUR DISTRICT OF UTTAR PRADESH

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 92-105
Author(s):  
Ritesh Kumar Yadav ◽  
Jahanara Jahanara
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Technology Generation ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

More than half of Indian population were engaged in agricultural sector but the available technology doesn’t ensure food security of the country. Hence, to diffuse new agricultural invention and innovation in the farming community, there arises a need for effective medium for transfer of technology. Thus, KVK bridges the gap between the technology generation and dissemination. The present study was proposed to understand the impact of KVK in doubling farmers income to formulate suitable programmes. For the study, descriptive research design was adopted. 120 respondents from Biswan taluk of Sitapur district of Uttar Pradesh were selected as respondents. Primary data collected from respondents and secondary data from available literatures. The findings revealed that majority of the respondents were middle aged, illiterate, upto 5 members in their family, medium level of annual income, possesses their own land, agriculture as their main occupation, medium level of mass media exposure, office bearer in one organization, high level of extension contact. Meanwhile, more than half of the respondents had reported medium level of impact towards the activities carried out by KVK, beneficiary selection is not unbiased is a major constraint suggested that maximum emphasis should be given on learning by doing.

Correlates of HIV prevalence among female sex workers in four north and east Indian states: findings of a national bio-behavioural survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunjika Misra ◽  
Damodar Sahu ◽  
Umenthala S Reddy ◽  
Saritha Nair
Keyword(s):  
Sex Work ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
East Indian ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Behavioural Surveillance

The socio-demographic, sex work characteristics and the factors affecting HIV prevalence among female sex workers (FSWs) are not well known in low prevalence states showing rising trends within the HIV epidemic. This paper studies these attributes among FSWs in three north (Punjab, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh) and one east Indian states (Jharkhand). Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance (IBBS) data, collected from 4491 FSWs in the study states, were analysed, with HIV status as the dependent variable and several socio-demographic, sex work, knowledge and agency characteristics as independent variables. Multivariate analysis found a number of factors such as age above 25 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 5.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–18.1), client solicitation in rented rooms (AOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.2–6.4) and the use of mobile phones for client solicitation (AOR 5.1, 95% CI 1.6–16.0) to be significantly associated with HIV risk. The study found low levels of HIV programme services uptake and HIV/AIDS knowledge among FSWs in the study states. There is an urgent need to focus on these risk factors for improving the effectiveness of the ongoing HIV prevention efforts and attaining the ‘Sustainable Development Goals’ goal of ‘Ending the AIDS epidemic’ by 2030.

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