scholarly journals Komposisi Kandungan Asam Amino Pada Teripang Emas (Stichoupus horens) di Perairan Pulau Bintan, Kepulauan Riau

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
Gianto Gianto ◽  
Made Suhandana ◽  
R. Marwita Sari Putri
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
High Protein Content ◽  
Acid Component ◽  
Amino Acid Component

This study aims to analyze the amino acid component contained in the golden sea cucumber so that it can be used as a basis for consideration, management, especially the development of sea cucumbers. Protein in sea cucumbers have complete amino acids, both essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids. The result of the proximate test of golden sea cucumber has high protein content which is 95,14% and fat 0,20% compared to other sea cucumber type while the protein of sea cucumber is very low that is 1.78% and 1.54% ash. The highest content of dried sea cucumber amino acids in golden sea cucumber meat seen in glutamic acid of 6.6049%, 7.1769% glycine, aspartic acid 3.9227% and proline of 3.4189% while the results of wet sea cucumber amino acids have a low amino acid value with glutamic acid 0.2281%, Glycine 0.2308% and Alanin 0.2169%.

The Oocytes of the Goby Pomatoschistus minutus. III. Determination of Amino Acid Component

1980 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1094-1095
Author(s):  
Rüdiger Riehl
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Acid Component ◽  
Pomatoschistus Minutus ◽  
Protein Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Component

Abstract The oocytes of the marine goby Pomatoschistus minutus were analyzed for their amino acid content. Most of the amino acids exist as protein, only a little part is free or peptide-bound. Among the protein-bound amino acids, high levels of glutamic acid, proline, alanine, aspartic acid, valine and leucine were detected. These represent more than 60% of the protein amino acids. Among the free acids, glutamic acid, serine and alanine, are dominant. There are no certain proofs of the occurrence of peptide pools in the oocytes of Pomatoschistus minutus.

The uptake of amino acids by mouse cells (strain LS) during growth in batch culture and chemostat culture: the influence of cell growth rate

1967 ◽  
Vol 168 (1013) ◽  
pp. 421-438 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Batch Culture ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Yields ◽  
Acid Uptake

The uptake of thirteen essential amino acids by mouse LS cells in suspension culture was determined by bacteriological assay methods. Chemostat continuous-flow cultures were used to determine the effect of different cell growth rates on the quantitative amino acid requirements for growth. The growth yields of the cells ( Y = g cell dry weight produced/g amino acid utilized) were calculated for each of the essential amino acids. A mixture of the non-essential amino acids, serine, alanine and glycine increased the cell yield from the essential amino acids. The growth yields from nearly all the essential amino acids in batch culture were increased when glutamic acid was substituted for the glutamine in the medium. The growth yields from the amino acids in batch culture were much less at the beginning than at the end of the culture. The highest efficiencies of conversion of amino acids to cell material were obtained by chemostat culture. When glutamic acid largely replaced the glutamine in the medium the conversion of amino acid nitrogen to cell nitrogen was 100 % efficient (that is, the theoretical yield was obtained) at the optimum growth rate (cell doubling time, 43 h). The maximum population density a given amino acid mixture will support can be calculated from the data. It is concluded that in several routinely used tissue culture media the cell growth is limited by the amino acid supply. In batch culture glutamine was wasted by (1) its spontaneous decomposition to pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and ammonia, and (2) its enzymic breakdown to glutamic acid and ammonia, but also glutamine was used less efficiently than glutamic acid. Study of the influence of cell growth rate on amino acid uptake rates per unit mass of cells indicated that a marked change in amino acid metabolism occurred at a specific growth rate of 0.4 day -1 (cell doubling time, 43 h). With decrease in specific growth rate below 0.4 day -1 there was a marked stimulation of amino acid uptake rate per cell and essential amino acids were consumed increasingly for functions other than synthesis of cell material.

scholarly journals TOLERANCE TO AMINO ACID MIXTURES AND CASEIN DIGESTS GIVEN INTRAVENOUSLY

1945 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Madden ◽  
R. R. Woods ◽  
F. W. Shull ◽  
J. H. Remington ◽  
G. H. Whipple
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Daily Injection ◽  
Nitrogen Requirement ◽  
Amino Acid Mixtures ◽  
Nitrogen Rates ◽  
Crystalline Amino Acids

Several synthetic mixtures of natural and racemic crystalline amino acids suitable for the daily nitrogen requirement are tested in dogs for their tolerance upon intravenous injection. Certain mixtures of the ten essential amino acids plus non-essential amino acids exclusive of glutamic acid are accepted without any obvious sign of disturbance even at rates above 10 mg. nitrogen per kilo per minute for quantities greater than 300 mg. per kilo. One such mixture consists in parts per 100 of dl-threonine 7, dl-valine 15, l(-)-leucine 10.9, dl-isoleucine 9.9, l(+)-lysine· HCl·H2O 10.9, dl-tryptophane 3, dl-phenylalanine 9.9, dl-methionine 6, l(+)-histidine·HCl·H2O 5, l(+)-arginine-HCl 5, glycine 9.9, dl-α-alanine 4, dl-serine 2, l(-)-cystine 0.5, and l(-)-tyrosine 1. In addition other well tolerated mixtures included the prolines. When glutamic acid, natural or racemic, is included in similar mixtures vomiting reactions frequently occur at nitrogen rates above 4 mg. per kilo per minute. Vomiting almost always occurs on the first daily injection containing glutamic acid and usually on any subsequent injection containing more than 100 mg. glutamic acid per kilo unless given very slowly. Upon the addition of glycine certain mixtures of the ten essential amino acids show an improved tolerance. Two casein digests tested usually produced vomiting at injection rates above 2 mg. nitrogen per kilo per minute, probably because of their glutamic acid content. No serious reaction has ever occurrred to any mixture of amino acids or casein digest tested. Elimination of minor reactions such as vomiting appears possible and desirable for greater usefulness of these solutions in parenteral feeding.

scholarly journals Amino acid composition of wild yam (Dioscorea spp.)

Food Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 617-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Doss ◽  
P.S. Tresina ◽  
V.R. Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Dioscorea Alata ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Amino Acids Composition ◽  
Dioscorea Species ◽  
Wild Yam

Tubers of wild yam (Dioscorea alata, D. bulbifera var. vera, D. esculenta, D. oppositifolia var. oppositifolia, D. oppositifolia var. dukhumensis, D. pentaphylla var. pentaphylla, D. spicata, D. tomentosa and D. wallichi) were analyzed for its amino acids composition. Asparatic acid and glutamic acid were found to be predominant among all the investigated Dioscorea species which ranged from 5.21 to 9.36 and 3.20 to 8.12 g/100 g protein respectively. The essential amino acids such as isoleucine, phenylalanine tyrosine, histidine, isoleucine and valine were found to be more or less higher than FAO/WHO (1991) requirement pattern. Thus, the present investigation demonstrated that the Dioscorea spp. can act as a good source of amino acid

SUBSTITUTION OF CHOLINE BY RELATED COMPOUNDS AND FURTHER STUDIES ON AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS IN NUTRITION OF PHORMIA REGINA (MEIG.)

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 527-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Hodgson ◽  
Vernon H. Cheldelin ◽  
R. W. Newburgh
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Phormia Regina ◽  
Acid Growth ◽  
Dietary Requirement ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Related Compounds

Phormia regina grown on a chemically defined diet under sterile conditions has been shown to have a specific dietary requirement for choline. The present work shows that carnitine and 2,2-dimethylaminoethanol can completely replace this in the diet whereas betaine is ineffective in this respect. Deletion of single amino acids from a mixture of 18 adequate for growth has previously shown the following 10 amino acids to be essential: arginine, histidine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, proline, and isoleucine. The present work: shows by the inability of the organism to grow on these essential amino acids that this method is not adequate to detect amino acid combinations for which alternate requirements exist. By the deletion of groups of two or more amino acids it has been shown that P. regina has a dietary requirement for either methionine or cystine and for either glutamic acid or aspartic acid. Growth on the 10 essential amino acids is stimulated by yeast extract. This is apparently not due to a simple replacement of missing amino acids, since the addition of yeast creates an increased requirement for thiamine.

EFFECTS OF DIETARY UREA LEVEL ON AMINO ACID CONCENTRATIONS IN RUMINANT TISSUES

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. SALEM ◽  
T. J. DEVLIN ◽  
J. R. INGALLS ◽  
G. D. PHILLIPS
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms ◽  
Rumen Epithelium ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

The effects of a semipurified diet containing 0 (0% urea-N diet), 50 (39% urea-N diet), or 100% (76% urea-N diet) of added dietary nitrogen (N) as urea on the amino acid concentrations in ruminant tissues was investigated. Three rumen-fistulated bull calves averaging 240 kg were used in a latin square design. The calves were fed using a continuous feeder to provide 7 kg of feed daily. Each experimental period of the latin square was 40 days divided into four 10-day intervals. Liver samples were obtained on the 9th day of each 10-day interval and rumen epithelium and rumen microorganisms were obtained on the 10th day of each 10-day interval. Blood samples were collected on the 6th, 8th, and 10th day of each 10-day interval for the determination of plasma amino acid patterns as well as the amino acid concentrations in the tissues. Plasma amino acid patterns indicated that when the 76% urea-N diet was fed the levels of aspartic acid, citrulline, glutamic acid, glycine, and proline were increased. Most of the essential amino acids were decreased on the 76% urea-N diet as compared with the 0% urea-N diet. All amino acids of rumen microorganisms were increased on the 39% urea-N diet with the exception of arginine, lysine, and threonine, which decreased slightly or did not show any change. Most amino acids were lower on the 76% urea-N diet as compared with the 39% or 0% urea-N diets. All essential amino acids measured in the liver were reduced on the 76% urea-N diet. Cystine, glutamic acid, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, tryptophan, and valine were also reduced on the 39% urea-N diet. In rumen epithelium, there was a reduction of the essential amino acids and an increase of the nonessential amino acids on the 76% urea-N diet.

scholarly journals Nutritional profile, protein quality, and biological value of raw and roasted cashew kernels (Anacardium occidentale) grown in southwest Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Olawale Paul Olatidoye ◽  
Taofik Akinyemi Shittu ◽  
Samuel Olusegun Anwonorin ◽  
Emmanuel Sunday Akin Ajisegiri
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Southwest Nigeria

Cashew kernels are one of the most concentrated food products due to their fat and protein content and they are used in puddings and bakery products, hence the determination of their protein quality is an important nutritional factor in dietary protein requirements. Therefore, the study aimed at evaluating the effect of roasting conditions on the protein quality of cashew kernels at the temperature of 100–160 °C and time (20–60 min), and then analysing for the amino acid profile by GC-FID; protein predicted efficiency ratio (P-PER), essential amino acid index (EAAI), and the Isoelectric point (pI). About 2.0 kg of dried cashew kernels used were defatted using chloroform/methanol (2:1/v/v) as the extraction solvent and then analysed using standard methods. The results showed that seventeen amino acids were present in cashew nuts, where glutamic acid (15.27g/100gN); aspartic acid (12.20g/100gN); lysine (6.09g/100g N), and phenylalanine (5.06g/100g N) were predominant. Eight essential amino acids were present in cashew kernels, the highest value of 7.33g/100g were for lysine (6.09g/100gN); 1.70g/100gN (histidine); 3.42g/100gN (threonine); 3.63g/100gN (valine); 3.57 g/100gN (isoleucine); 7.33g/100gN (leucine); and 5.06g/100gN (phenylalanine). Roasting reduced the lysine content by 18.4%, phenylalanine by 12.06%, and aspartic acid by 41.4% at 160°C for 60 min, while serine (58.9%); glutamic acid (19.7%); arginine (47.4%), and histidine (115.9%) were increased, suggesting that cashew nuts contain high quality protein. P-PER results were 2.57 (raw), 171-2.61 (roasted); EAAI is 1.55(raw) and 1.38-1.55 (roasted), BV% is 76.15 (raw) and 67.61-76.89 (roasted); the Isoelectric points were 4.65 (raw) and 3.87- 4.54 (roasted), The Leu/Ileu ratio was 2.12 (raw) and 2.01-2.67 (roasted). It was concluded that the heat treatment used does not significantly affect the amino acid profile of cashew kernels, thus preserving their nutritional quality.

scholarly journals The Nitrogen Requirements of Some Members of the Viridans Group of Streptococci

1961 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean I Paul
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Active Factor ◽  
Organic Complexes ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements

The amino acid. requirements of certain members of the viridans group of streptococci have been investigated. These requirements have not been found to be uniform among strains of StreptoooccUB bovis. Rumen strains of Strep. bows require, in addition to 20 amino acids, rumen liquor or an extract of rumen liquor or certain other organic complexes. The chemical nature of the active factor suggests a peptide . . The essential amino acids for the faecal strains of Strep. boviB were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine, valine, asparagine, and histidine.

Ileal digestibility of amino acids in pigs given a barley-based diet with increasing inclusion of lucerne leaf meal

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Reverter ◽  
J. E. Lindberg
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Leaf Meal

AbstractIleal digestibility of amino acids in barley-based diets with increasing inclusion of lucerne leaf meal (LLM; 0, 50, 100 and 200 g/kg) was studied in a change-over experiment with post-valve T-caecum cannulated growing pigs. The apparent Heal digestibility of crude protein, as well as of most of the essential (EAA) and non-essential amino acids (NEAA) was not significantly affected by the dietary inclusion of LLM. The exceptions were cystine, methionine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid and serine, all of which showed a significant (P< 0·05) reduction in apparent Heal digestibility with increasing inclusion of LLM. In contrast, the calculated true Heal digestibility of all EAA (with the exception of arginine and lysine) and the NEAA glutamic acid and serine were significantly (P< 0·05) reduced with the inclusion of LLM. Associated with an increased crude protein intake, there was a significant (P< 0·05) increase in the amount of absorbed EAA when the proportion of LLM was increased in the diet. With increasing proportion of fibre in the diet, there was a significant (P< 0·05) increase in the Heal flow of glucosamine.It can be concluded from the present data that the inclusion of LLM in a barley-based diet for growing pigs will result in an improvement in the absorbed amino-acid profile due to a significant increase in the absorption of all of the EAA.

scholarly journals Non-essential nitrogen and protein utilization in the growing rat

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Heger
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Growing Rat ◽  
Per Se

Three series of nitrogen-balance experiments were carried out on growing rats fed on purified isonitrogenous diets (16 g N/kg) to study the importance of non-essential N and the essential:total N (E:T) ratio for attaining maximum N balance (NB) and biological value (BV) of protein. Minimum dietary levels of asparagine, proline and glutamic acid required for maximum NB and BV were estimated to be 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 g/kg respectively. In an essential amino acid-based diet, the levels of individual amino acids were successively reduced to 110% of the requirement. Reducing the level of arginine, lysine or methionine + cystine resulted in a significant increase in NB and BV while the response of rats given the isoleucine-reduced diet significantly decreased. Addition of asparagine, proline and glutamic acid in the estimated minimum amounts to an essential amino acid-based diet resulted in a significant increase in NB and BV. A further significant increase was found when the levels of arginine, lysine and methionine + cystine in the diet were reduced to 110 % of the requirement. The performance of rats fed on the latter diet was similar to that of rats given a diet with the optimum E:T ratio. It is concluded that the optimum protein utilization may be influenced by the presence of some non-essential amino acids and by the surplus of some essential amino acids rather than by the E:T ratio per se.

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