scholarly journals المذهب الشافعي في إندونيسيا؛ تأريخه و آثاره

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-80
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ikhsan
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
Boarding Schools ◽  
The State ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Educational Curriculum ◽  
Inductive Approach ◽  
The Law

This study aims to identify the extent to which the historical roots of the Shafi'i school in Indonesia in terms of its arrival and spreading and to determine the extent of the influence of the Shafi'i school in the lives of Muslims in Indonesia and whether it plays a role in the codification of laws in Indonesia? The researcher employed the historical inductive approach and the descriptive-analytical approach. Among the results of the research are that the entry of the Shafi'i school in Indonesia was accompanied by the entry of Islam in it by Arab traders from the Arabian Peninsula - or the Indies (Malibar and Gujarat). Based on reliable documents, I can confirm that Islam entered Indonesia in the seventh century AD (first century in Hijriyah), yet began to spread strongly in the tenth century AD through the emergence of Islamic kingdoms in the archipelago which adopted the Shafi'i school as the official school of the state. The influence of the Shafi'i school is evident in Indonesia on the educational curriculum taught in the era of the Islamic kingdoms and the era of independence in several institutions and Islamic boarding schools. The Shafi'i school also shows its influence in the law of Islamic governance in Indonesia, although it is limited to matters of marriage, inheritance, and waqf.

Saudi Arabia: Islam and Saudi Arabia’s counterterrorism strategy

2019 ◽  
pp. 343-363
Author(s):  
Roel Meijer
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
The State ◽  
First Century ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
Middle Way ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Twenty First Century

Saudi Arabia’s counter-terrorism strategy of the first decade on the twenty first century has been widely acclaimed as highly successful and presented as an example for other Muslim countries. The strategy was developed after the bomb attacks of AlQaida on the Arabian Peninsula in 2003. The program is however deeply religious and is based on the reconversion of terrorists from a Jihadi-Salafism to a quietist and law abiding version of Salafism. The chapter goes into the religious terminology Saudi counter-terrorism program by labelling terrorism as religious “deviation,” radicals as people who have been led by their “passions” and are no longer rational and have diverted form the “middle way”. The article also shows how prominent religious scholars have become deeply involved in the state counter-terrorism program of “intellectual security”.

scholarly journals THE PEOPLE AND THE STATE AUTHORITIES: THE ANALYSIS OF THE INTERACTION AND COOPERATION IN THE THEORETICAL LEGACY V. N. LESHKOV

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Тимур Чукаев ◽  
Timur Chukaev
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
The State ◽  
First Century ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
The People ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Law

The Article is devoted to the theoretical and legal heritage of the prominent Russian lawyer Vasily Nikolaevich Leshkov (1810–1881), his ideas about society as a subject of public administration, about the interaction of civil society and the police as subjects of the implementation of the law enforcement function. The methodological basis of the research is general scientific (historical, systemic, functional) and special (formal-legal, historical-legal, comparative-legal) methods of legal research. A theoretical legacy, V. N. Leshkov, which contemporaries did not understand, and the descendants of the forgotten, to comprehend the researchers in the twenty-first century.

مدى ملاءمة القانون الإماراتي في مكافحة التمييز والكراهية للمنهج النبوي في التعايش مع غير المسلمين (Appropriateness of the Emirates (UAE) Law with Prophetic Approach in Combating Discrimination and Hatred in Living with non-Muslim)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-227
Author(s):  
فاطمة سعيد ناصر الخاطري ◽  
سعد الدين منصور
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
The Law

انتشرت في الآونة الأخيرة تيارات طائفية تحرِّض الناس على التمييز والكراهية وازدراء الأديان في المجتمعات الإنسانية، مما أدى إلى حدوث اعتداءات على المسلمين وغيرهم، فكان لابد من وضع قوانين لحفظ الحقوق والحريات وتوفير الحماية الجنائية للجميع في ظل ثوابت الشريعة الإسلامية ومتغيرات العصر، وإن دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة تتبنى مجموعة من المبادرات، منها إصدار قانون مكافحة التمييز والكراهية وازدراء الأديان. واعتمد البحث على منهجين: المنهج الاستقرائي لتتبع الأحاديث والآثار وبنود القوانين ذات الصلة بالموضوع، والمنهج التحليلي لتحليل مواد قانون مكافحة التمييز والكراهية الإماراتي، وبيان مدى ملائمته للمنهج النبوي. وقد توصل البحث إلى أن التسامح والتعايش سياسة تحرص عليها دولة الإمارات، مع ضرورة الحفاظ على الدولة وحمايتها من التطرف والطائفية، ولتحقيق ذلك أصدرت عدة قوانين لتجريم ازدراء الأديان ومنع التمييز والكراهية، وهذا القانون موافق للسنة النبوية الخاصة بمعاملة غير المسلمين، إلا أنه قصر عدم الإساءة على الديانات السماوية الثلاث ودور العبادة الخاصة بها دون غيرها. وقد أوصى البحث بضرورة تعديل نطاق القانون ليشمل عدم الإساءة لجميع الأديان، السماوية منها وغير السماوية، التي يعتنقها المقيمين في الدولة. الكلمات المفتاحيّة: قانون، مكافحة، النهج النبوي، تمييز، غير المسلمين. Abstract Recently, many sectarian groups have been widespread encouraging hatred and discrimination and contempt of religion in human societies. This lead to the occurrences of assaults against Muslims and others, hence it became important to construct rules to protect the rights, ensure the freedom and provide a legal protection for everyone in the light of the principles of Islamic ruling (Shari’ah) and era’s variations. United Arab Emirates (UAE) adapts a group of initiatives such as issuance of a declaration in combating hatred and discrimination and contempt of religion. This research follows two approaches: the approach of induction to track the hadiths and traditions and sections of the declaration, and the analytical approach to analyse the articles of the emirates law in combating hatred and discrimination and to emphasize on the extent to which it is compatible with prophetic approach. The research found that the state of Emirates bears in mind that forbearing and living (peacefully) together are policies that should always exist in the state, with the necessity of preserving the country and protecting it from extremism and sectarianism, and in order to achieve this, it published many rulings to prohibit hatred and discrimination and contempt of religion, and this ruling is compatible with the prophetic approach, except that the non-abuse stated in the law is restricted to only three divine religions and their worships. The research stresses on the necessity of amendment of range of the law to include non-abuse to all religions, divine and non-divine that exist in Emirates. Keywords: Law, Combating, Prophetic Approach, Discrimination, non-Muslims.  

scholarly journals Conceptualizing Legal Childhood in the Twenty-First Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 1371
Author(s):  
Clare Huntington ◽  
Elizabeth Scott
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Progressive Era ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
The State ◽  
First Century ◽  
Parental Rights ◽  
Child Wellbeing ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Law ◽  
Twenty First Century

The law governing children is complex, sometimes appearing almost incoherent. The relatively simple framework established in the Progressive Era, in which parents had primary authority over children, subject to limited state oversight, has broken down over the past few decades. Lawmakers started granting children some adult rights and privileges, raising questions about their traditional status as vulnerable, dependent, and legally incompetent beings. As children emerged as legal persons, children’s rights advocates challenged the rationale for parental authority, contending that robust parental rights often harm children. And a wave of punitive reforms in response to juvenile crime in the 1990s undermined the state’s long-standing role as the protector of children. We address this seeming incoherence by identifying a deep structure and logic in the regulation of children that is becoming clear in the twenty-first century. In our conceptual framework, the law’s central goal, across multiple legal domains, is to promote child wellbeing. This unifying purpose has roots in the Progressive Era, but three distinct characteristics distinguish the modern approach. Today, lawmakers advance child wellbeing with greater confidence and success by drawing on a wide body of research on child and adolescent development and the efficacy of related policies. This is bolstered by the clear understanding that promoting child wellbeing generally furthers social welfare, leading to a broader base of support for state policies and legal doctrines. Finally, there is a growing recognition that the regulation of children and families has long been tainted by racial and class bias and that a new commitment to minimizing these pernicious influences is essential to both the legitimacy and fairness of the regime. In combination, these features make the contemporary regulatory framework superior to earlier approaches. Rather than pitting the state, parents, and child in competition for control over children’s lives—the conception of family regulation since the 1960s—our Child Wellbeing framework offers a surprisingly integrated regulatory approach. Properly understood, parental rights and children’s rights, as well as the direct role of the state in children’s lives, are increasingly defined and unified by a research-driven, social-welfare-regarding effort to promote child wellbeing. This normatively attractive conceptualization of legal childhood does not define every area of legal regulation, but it is a strong through-line and should be elevated and embraced more broadly. In short, our framework brings coherence to the complex legal developments of the past half-century and provides guidance moving forward for this critical area of the law.

The Rule of Law as Institutional Ideal

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluigi Palombella
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
The State ◽  
First Century ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Law ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The Ideal

This article aims at offering an innovative interpretation of the potentialities of the “rule of law” for the twenty-first century. It goes beyond current uses and the dispute between formal and substantive conceptions by exploring the roots of the institutional ideal. Also through historical reconstruction and comparative analysis, the core of the rule of law appears to be a peculiar notion. It displays a special objective that the law is asked to achieve, on a legal plane, largely independently of political instrumentalism. The normative meaning is elaborated on and construed around notions of institutional equilibrium, non-domination and “duality” of law. The ideal of the rule of law can be considered as, first, consistent with its historical constants, instead of being forged on purely abstract basis; second, extendable to contemporary institutional transformations, beyond the State; and, third, conceptually sustainable on a legal theoretical plane, where it is located without falling prey to the debate about the morality of valid law.

scholarly journals Neoplatonism in Islamic philosophy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Richard Netton
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Cultural Legacy ◽  
Ibn Rushd ◽  
The Face ◽  
Philosophical Importance

Islamic Neoplatonism developed in a milieu already saturated with the thought of Plotinus and Aristotle. The former studied in Alexandria, and the Alexandrine philosophical syllabus included such figures as Porphyry of Tyre and Proclus. Associated with these scholars were two major channels of Islamic Neoplatonism, the so-called Theology of Aristotle and the Liber de Causis (Book of Causes). Other cities beloved of the philosophers at the time of the rise of Islam in the first century AH (seventh century ad) included Gondeshapur and Harran. Islamic Neoplatonism stressed one aspect of the Qur’anic God, the transcendent, and ignored another, the creative. For the Neoplatonists, all things emanated from the deity. Islamic philosophers were imbued to a greater or lesser degree with either Aristotelianism or Neoplatonism or, as was often the case, with both. Al-Kindi, the father of Islamic philosophy, has a Neoplatonic aspect, but the doctrine reaches its intellectual fruition in the complex emanationist hierarchies developed by al-Farabi and Ibn Sina. Their views are later developed (or metamorphosed) by later thinkers into an emanative hierarchy of lights, as with Shihab al-Din al-Suhrawardi, or the doctrine of the Unity of Being espoused by Ibn al-‘Arabi. While al-Ghazali and Ibn Rushd both vigorously opposed Neoplatonic views, the latter attacked the former for his general opposition to the philosophers. Neoplatonism itself had a major impact on that sectarian grouping of Muslims known as the Isma‘ilis, and became the substratum for its theology. Historically, Neoplatonism in Islam achieved its climax with the Fatimid Isma‘ili conquest of Egypt towards the end of the fourth century AH (tenth century ad). While Neoplatonism later declined in philosophical importance in the face of rampant Aristotelianism and Hanbalism, it may be said to have bequeathed an important religious, historical and cultural legacy to the Islamic world, which in the Isma‘ili movement endures to this day.

ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ПАРАДИГМЫ МЕТОДОЛОГИИ ЮРИСПРУДЕНЦИИ

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Ю. М. Оборотов
Keyword(s):  
Legal Theory ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
The State ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Methodological Question ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Decisive Importance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Law

В современной методологии юриспруденции происходит переход от изучения состо­яний ее объекта, которыми выступают право и государство, к постижению этого объек­та в его изменениях и превращениях. Две подсистемы методологии юриспруденции, подсистема обращенная к состоянию права и государства; и подсистема обращенная к изменениям права и государства, — получают свое отображение в концептуальной форме, методологических подходах, методах, специфических понятиях. Показательны перемены в содержании методологии юриспруденции, где определяю­щее значение имеют методологические подходы, определяющие стратегию исследова­тельских поисков во взаимосвязи юриспруденции с правом и государством. Среди наи­более характерных подходов антропологический, аксиологический, цивилизационный, синергетический и герменевтический — определяют плюралистичность современной методологии и свидетельствуют о становлении новой парадигмы методологии юриспру­денции.   In modern methodology of jurisprudence there is a transition from the study the states of its object to its comprehension in changes and transformations. Hence the two subsystems of methodology of jurisprudence: subsystem facing the states of the law and the state as well as their components and aspects; and subsystem facing the changes of the law and the state in general and their constituents. These subsystems of methodology of jurisprudence receive its reflection in conceptual form, methodological approaches, methods, specific concepts. Methodology of jurisprudence should not be restricted to the methodology of legal theory. In this regard, it is an important methodological question about subject of jurisprudence. It is proposed to consider the subject of jurisprudence as complex, covering both the law and the state in their specificity, interaction and integrity. Indicative changes in the content methodology of jurisprudence are the usage of decisive importance methodological approaches that govern research strategy searches in conjunction with the law and the state. Among the most characteristic of modern development approaches: anthropological, axiological, civilization, synergistic and hermeneutic. Modern methodology of jurisprudence is pluralistic in nature alleging various approaches to the law and the state. Marked approaches allow the formation of a new paradigm methodology of jurisprudence.

Urgensi Assesment Report Dalam Omnibus Law RUU Cipta Kerja

ADALAH ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Rahmatullah
Keyword(s):  
Academic Research ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
The Law ◽  
Scientific Arguments

Abstract:A draft law must be able to answer and solve the main problem of the society so that with the existence of the law the community gets legal protection from the state. However, the draft of Cipta Kerja Law makes an endless controversy. In fact, the draft was allegedly containing some problems since its appearance. Therefore, academic research (Assesment Report) is needed so that the rules in the draft have basic scientific arguments that can be justified. Unfortunately, the draft does not conduct an assesment report to know whether the society need the law and urgent.Keywords: Legal Protection, Controversy and Assesment Report Abstrak:Sebuah rancangan undang-undang harus dapat menjawab dan menyentuh pokok permasalahan masyarakat sehingga dengan adanya undang-undang tersebut masyarakat mendapatkan sebuah perlindungan hukum dari negara. Namun, dalam RUU Cipta Kerja ini justru berakibat pada kontroversi yang tiada hentinya. Bahkan, disinyalir RUU ini mengandung kecacatan sejak awal pembentukannya. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan penelitian akademis sehingga aturan-aturan yang ada dalam RUU ini mempunyai basis argumentasi ilmiah yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan yang salah satunya adalah dengan membuat Laporan Kelayakan. Sayangnya RUU ini belum melakukan laporan kelayakan apakah RUU ini dibutuhkan dan penting di masyarakat.Katakunci: Perlindungan Hukum, Kontroversi dan Laporan Kelayakan

The Constitutional Principle of Accountability: A Study of Contemporary South African Case Law

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuks Okpaluba
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Principle ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Law ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
The Many

‘Accountability’ is one of the democratic values entrenched in the Constitution of South Africa, 1996. It is a value recognised throughout the Constitution and imposed upon the law-making organs of state, the Executive, the Judiciary and all public functionaries. This constitutional imperative is given pride of place among the other founding values: equality before the law, the rule of law and the supremacy of the Constitution. This study therefore sets out to investigate how the courts have grappled with the interpretation and application of the principle of accountability, the starting point being the relationship between accountability and judicial review. Therefore, in the exercise of its judicial review power, a court may enquire whether the failure of a public functionary to comply with a constitutional duty of accountability renders the decision made illegal, irrational or unreasonable. One of the many facets of the principle of accountability upon which this article dwells is to ascertain how the courts have deployed that expression in making the state and its agencies liable for the delictual wrongs committed against an individual in vindication of a breach of the individual’s constitutional right in the course of performing a public duty. Here, accountability and breach of public duty; the liability of the state for detaining illegal immigrants contrary to the prescripts of the law; the vicarious liability of the state for the criminal acts of the police and other law-enforcement officers (as in police rape cases and misuse of official firearms by police officers), and the liability of the state for delictual conduct in the context of public procurement are discussed. Having carefully analysed the available case law, this article concludes that no public functionary can brush aside the duty of accountability wherever it is imposed without being in breach of a vital constitutional mandate. Further, it is the constitutional duty of the courts, when called upon, to declare such act or conduct an infringement of the Constitution.

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