scholarly journals The basic markers of neutrophilic inflammation in severe bronchial asthma (the literature review)

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
L A Goryachkina ◽  
D V Biteeva ◽  
D S Fomina
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Airway Remodeling ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Unresolved Issue ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Neutrophilic Inflammation ◽  
Aggressive Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Component

In spite of the marked insights of modern medicine into the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma, there is unresolved issue regarding achievement of therapeutic control. Understanding of the immunopathogenesis of the disease resulted in a subdivision into different biological phenotypes due to dominating inflammatory component, characterized by list of biological markers. A role of neutrophilic inflammation in bronchial asthma has been widely discussed in recent studies but is still uncertain. In general, asthma associated with neutrophils tends to be a more aggressive disease with more tissue destruction and airway remodeling; tightly associated with lower response to corticosteroids treatment, moreover, it could be induced by it.

scholarly journals MODERN VIEWS ON ROLE OF VITAMIN D IN PATHOGENESIS OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN CHILDREN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-628
Author(s):  
N.A. Belykh ◽  
◽  
I.V. Piznyur ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Airway Remodeling ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition

Bronchial asthma (BA) is a common disease of airways in children characterized by chronic inflammation, as well as respiratory symptoms varying in time and intensity. In recent years, an increase in the prevalence of BA has been seen, both among the adult and children’s population. The current trend stimulates scientists to continue studying the probable influence of various factors on this process, including the role of micronutrient deficiency, especially antioxidants, methylene donors and vitamin D (VD). Hypovitaminosis D has been considered as a provoking factor affecting the pathogenesis of various pathological processes. The results of numerous studies confirm the opinion that VD affects the intensity of inflammation, reducing the produc-tion of proinflammatory cytokines and secretion of mucus, and stimulates the secretion of the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10. VD-regulated genes encode the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides that provide protection against bacteria and viruses provoking BA exacerbations. The article discusses the role of tissue growth factor (TGF-β) as an initiator of fibrosis in the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract through the activation of epithelial mesenchymal transition signals, and also discusses the inhibitory effect of VD on the processes of airway remodeling in BA. To-day it is known that VD can inhibit the progression of pulmonary fibrosis in various ways, in-cluding suppression of the expression of TGF, inhibition of the motility of epithelial cells induced by TGF-β, reduction of the excessive activation of RAS (antifibrotic effect), increase in the level of TGF antagonist. Separately, the issue of the possible strengthening of the antioxidant defense of the body in BA is considered through optimization of the supply of the organism with VD. Conclusion. Thus, taking into account the fact that to date, the results of clinical studies of the use of VD in the treatment of BA gave conflicting results, additional studies are needed to address controversial issues regarding the role of VD deficiency in the pathogenesis of BA and its control. Further understanding of the mechanisms underlying the airway remodeling will help develop a set of measures aimed at minimizing the risk of structural changes in AD.

Blockade of PD-1 decreases neutrophilic inflammation and lung damage in experimental COPD

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Ritzmann ◽  
Kai Borchardt ◽  
Giovanna Vella ◽  
Praneeth Chitirala ◽  
Adrian Angenendt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Neutrophilic Inflammation ◽  
Copd Patients

Chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) and lung cancer are both caused by smoking and often occur as comorbidity. The PD-1/PD-L1 axis is an important canonic immunoregulatory pathway and antibodies that specifically block PD-1 or PD-L1 have demonstrated efficacy as therapeutic agents for non-small cell lung cancer. The role of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in the pathogenesis of COPD is unknown. Here, we analyzed the function of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in preclinical COPD models and evaluated the concentrations of PD-1 and PD-L1 in human serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids as biomarkers for COPD. Anti-PD-1 treatment decreased lung damage and neutrophilic inflammation in mice chronically exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) or Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). Ex vivo stimulated macrophages obtained from anti-PD-1 treated mice released reduced amounts of inflammatory cytokines. PD-L1 concentrations correlated positively with PD-1 concentrations in human serum and BAL fluids. Lung sections obtained from COPD patients stained positive for PD-L1. Our data indicate that the PD-1/PD-L1 axis is involved in developing inflammation and tissue destruction in COPD. Inflammation-induced activation of the PD-1 pathway may contribute to disease progression.

scholarly journals MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES AS MARKERS OF RESPIRATORY TRACT REMODELING AND POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGET IN PATIENTS WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-188
Author(s):  
Vladyslava V. Kachkovska
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Airway Remodeling ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ◽  
Bronchial Obstruction ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Metalloproteinase 9

It is evidently known that chronic inflammatory process in the bronchi of patients with bronchial asthma is associated with the emergence and progression of airway remodeling, resulting in irreversible obstruction. However, the exact mechanisms of connection between inflammation and airway remodeling are not very well understood and that is the reason for delay of development new specific targeted drugs aimed to inhibit the process of inflammation and remodeling. Therefore, our goal was aimed to analyze and systematize data on the role of matrix metalloproteinases in the occurrence of airway remodeling in patients with bronchial asthma and the possibility of therapeutic effects on this process. Materials and methods: search for information on the role and mechanisms of influence of matrix metalloproteinases on airway remodeling processes in patients with bronchial asthma and the possibility of its pharmacological correction in electronic databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar over the past 25 years. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue proteinase-1 inhibitor have been shown to play the most important role in airway remodeling in the presence of bronchial asthma, supported by numerous experimental and clinical studies. Much attention is paid to the comparison of these indicators in bronchoalveolar lavage, induced sputum and blood on the background of exacerbation and in the presence of a stable course of the disease. The analysis of their content depending on the severity of the course, dysfunction of external respiration and the degree of reversibility of bronchial obstruction. Studies of the possibility of drug effects on the content of remodeling markers have shown low clinical efficacy. The results are contradictory, but most of them prove the important role of matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue protease inhibitor-1 and their relationship in the occurrence and progression of airway remodeling and, consequently, the severity of the disease, which dictates the need to develop new additional treatments.

scholarly journals Role of Amritadi Kwath in Tamaka Shwasa (Bronchial Asthma)

2021 ◽  
Vol 07 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Harsha Radhakrishnan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Tracheobronchial Tree ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Mild Improvement ◽  
Maximum Improvement ◽  
Chronic Disorders

Tamaka Shwasa is one of the chronic disorders of Pranavaha srotos which occurs by Pratiloma gati of Vata due to obstructed Kapha. Tamaka Shwasa is often correlated with Bronchial Asthma in modern medicine. Asthma is a disease of airways that is characterised by increased responsiveness of the tracheobronchial tree to a variety of stimuli. Keeping these points in view, the clinical study entitled as “Role of Amritadi Kwath in Tamaka Shwasa (Bronchial Asthma)” was been selected. For this 27 patients of Tamaka Shwasa were randomly selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria from Kayachikitsa O.P.D of Rishikul Campus, UAU, Haridwar. The drug chosen was Amritadi Kwath (with Pippali churna as Anupan) from Chakradatta which was given in a dose of 40 ml twice daily for 45 days. Assessment was done at the interval of 7 days during this period, along with a follow up of 15 days after the completion of trial on the basis of subjective and objective parameters. Appropriate statistical tests were used for obtaining the results. The effect of trial was considered on the basis of percentage relief in the above parameters. Maximum improvement were noted in Sleshma vimokshante labhate sukham (92.31%), Kapha nishtivana (88.46%) and Ushnabhinanditi (84.91%). In overall response, marked improvement was found in 56% patients, moderate improvement in 28% patients, mild improvement in 8% patients and no change in 8% patients. As per the data collected, Amritadi Kwath when given in Tamaka Shwasa was effective in relieving the symptoms in the patients.

scholarly journals RANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-β1 IN PATIENTS WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA: PATHOGENETIC, CLINICAL AND THERAPEUTIC ASPECTS (LITERATURE REWIEW AND OWN RESULTS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
V. V. Kachkovska ◽  
A. V. Kovchun ◽  
A. M. Bondarkova ◽  
L. N. Prystupa
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Airway Remodeling ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β1 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Key Words Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Tgf Β1

The goal of our research was to analyze the role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1 ) in airway remodeling, inflammation, clinical course, treatment efficacy in patients with bronchial asthma (BA) according to the literature data, as well as determination of this biomarkers level in the blood of BA patients. Material and research methods. The publications is containing the results of studies on the role of TGF-β1 in the course of BA have been analyzed. The level of TGF-β1 in the blood was determined within enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using kits “IBL International GMBH, Germany” in 553 BA patients and in 95 healthy individuals. Results. The article presents data about TGF-β1 influence on the processes of airway remodeling in BA patients, its role in microcirculation disorders, mucus production, eosinophilic inflammation and severity of clinical symptoms of the disease. The level of TGF-β1 expression was associated with disease control, severity and duration of the disease, despite conflicting data that require further study. In addition, there were presented recent research data about TGF-β1 as a marker of airway remodeling and as a therapeutic target in the treatment of BA patients. Glucocorticoids, tiotropium bromide, methylxanthines, selective inhibitors of TGF-β1 , resveratrol, simvastatin and montelukast and their mechanisms of influence were presented in detail. Significantly higher level of TGF-β1 in the blood of patients with BA was found (38.5 ± 0.7) pg/ml compared with healthy individuals (33.9 ± 1.0) pg /ml, p = 0.007. Conclusion. A significantly higher level of TGF-β1 was revealed in the blood of BA patients. In our opinion, a differentiated analysis of the content of this marker depending on the phenotype of the disease is important, which would explain the conflicting results of different studies, deepen understanding of its pathophysiological and clinical role in order to develop methods for slowing airway remodeling. Key words: bronchial asthma, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), airway remodeling.

scholarly journals The role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the genesis of chronic bronchi inflammation in children with bronchial asthma

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
A. A. Lebedenko ◽  
O. E. Semernik ◽  
M. V. Dudareva ◽  
E. B. Tyurina
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Polymorphic Variant ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
And Control

Bronchial asthma as the most common respiratory tract disease is an urgent problem of modern medicine. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMР) play a significant role in the processes of inflammation maintaining and bronchi remodeling in children with bronchial asthma.Objective: To study the role and inheritance of MMR9 in the bronchial asthma pathogenesis in children.Characteristics of children and research methods. The authors carried out the prospective study of 54 children with bronchial asthma and 56 healthy children with the determination of the MMP-9 level in blood serum, as well as the polymorphic variant 8202A>G of MMP9 gene.Results. Children with bronchial asthma had significantly higher content of MMP9 in the blood serum (431.76 [306.15; 612.93] ng/ml), as compared to the control group (276.05 [160.33; 397.02] ng/ml). When studying polymorphism 8202A>G of MMP9 gene in the examined patients it was found that the children with bronchial asthma had the G allele a little more often (57.5%) than A allele (42.5%). Heterozygous carriers of the MMP9 gene polymorphic variant predominate both among the patients with bronchial asthma and in the control group. When comparing the frequency of genotypes and alleles in the group of children with bronchial asthma and control group the authors revealed no statistically significant differences.Conclusion. The disease mechanism significantly depends upon the MMR9 concentration in the serum of patients with bronchial asthma and the peculiarities of this enzyme inheritance.

scholarly journals A CONCEPTUAL STUDY ON ROLE OF AMRITADI KWATH IN TAMAKA SHWASA (BRONCHIAL ASTHMA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 08 (11) ◽  
pp. 5141-5146
Author(s):  
Harsha Radhakrishnan ◽  
Jaya Saklani Kala ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Pubmed Central ◽  
Conceptual Study ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Published Research

Objective: Tamaka Shwasa is a Vatakaphaja Vyadhi originating from Pitta Sthana and manifesting through Pranavaha Srotas. Vata gets obstructed by Kapha and travels in Pratiloma Gati, thus causing the disease entity called Tamaka Shwasa. Tamaka Shwasa in Ayurvedic classics seems to be identical with the description of Bronchial Asthma in modern medicine. Bronchial Asthma is a major global health problem, which can affect the population irrespective of age, sex, economic status, etc. Method: References regard-ing Amritadi kwath are collected from Cakradatta, and further details regarding the constituent drugs are collected from textbooks, PubMed Central, published research papers and previous work done. Result: As per the data collected, Bronchial Asthma when treated with Amritadi kwath will be effective in relieving the symptoms in patients. Due to increasing prevalence, chronic, intermittent and inflammatory nature of the disease and also for better management of Tamaka Shwasa patients; it is a need of hour for innovative re-search regarding this topic. Conclusion: Amritadi kwath will be effective in improving pulmonary functions in Bronchial Asthma. Here we can conclude that Ayurvedic medicines will be a better choice in treating Bronchial Asthma in the near future.

A literature review on firms' internationalisation through e-commerce

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-143
Author(s):  
Riccardo Resciniti ◽  
Federica De Vanna
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
International Business ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
New Markets ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

The rise of e-commerce has brought considerable changes to the relationship between firms and consumers, especially within international business. Hence, understanding the use of such means for entering foreign markets has become critical for companies. However, the research on this issue is new and so it is important to evaluate what has been studied in the past. In this study, we conduct a systematic review of e-commerce and internationalisation studies to explicate how firms use e-commerce to enter new markets and to export. The studies are classified by theories and methods used in the literature. Moreover, we draw upon the internationalisation decision process (antecedents-modalities-consequences) to propose an integrative framework for understanding the role of e-commerce in internationalisation

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